3Rs implementation in veterinary vaccine batch-release testing: Current state-of-the-art and future opportunities. A webinar and workshop report.

Regulatory authorities require veterinary batch-release testing to confirm vaccine potency and safety, but these tests have traditionally relied on large numbers of laboratory animals. Advances in vaccine research and development offer increasing opportunities to replace in vivo testing, and some stakeholders have made significant progress in incorporating 3Rs elements in quality control strategies. A three-part event series entitled "3Rs Implementation in Veterinary Vaccine Batch-Release Testing: Current state-of-the-art and future opportunities" was jointly organized by the Animal-Free Safety Assessment Collaboration, HealthforAnimals, and the International Alliance of Biological Standardization. Two webinars and a workshop aimed to outline the state-of-the-art non-animal approaches for veterinary batch-release testing. The events included information on the state of the deletion of obsolete safety testing and the current initiatives implemented by European, North American, and Asian-Pacific stakeholders on 3Rs implementation and regulatory acceptance. The events contributed to a better understanding of the barriers to 3Rs implementation. Participants highlighted the need for open communication, continued collaboration between stakeholders, and international harmonization of regulatory requirements to help accelerate acceptance. Despite the challenges, the countries represented at this three-part event have shared their commitments to advancing the acceptance of alternative methods.

Drivers and barriers in the consistency approach for vaccine batch release testing: Report of an international workshop.

Safety and potency assessment for batch release testing of established vaccines still relies partly on animal tests. An important avenue to move to batch release without animal testing is the consistency approach. This approach is based on thorough characterization of the vaccine, and the principle that the quality of subsequent batches is the consequence of the application of consistent production of batches monitored by a GMP quality system. Efforts to implement the consistency approach are supported by several drivers from industry, government, and research, but there are also several barriers that must be overcome. A workshop entitled "Consistency Approach, Drivers and Barriers" was organized, which aimed to discuss and identify drivers and barriers for the implementation of the 3Rs in the consistency approach from three different perspectives/domains (industry, regulatory and science frameworks). The workshop contributed to a better understanding of these drivers and barriers and resulted in recommendations to improve the overall regulatory processes for the consistency approach. With this report, we summarise the outcome of this workshop and intend to offer a constructive contribution to the international discussion on regulatory acceptance of the consistency approach.

The consistency approach for the substitution of in vivo testing for the quality control of established vaccines: practical considerations and progressive vision.

The aim of this letter is to share the discussions and proposals made by the VAC2VAC consortium on how to support the deployment of the "Consistency Approach" for quality control of established vaccines and thus facilitate the substitution of in vivo testing. This work answers specific questions about " what does a control strategy according to the consistency testing look like" and " how to submit a control strategy defined according to the consistency testing". Some topics were answered in a very straightforward manner. This was the case when the deployment of the consistency approach and the corresponding changes in vaccines control strategy was supported by the generic application of procedures already described in regulatory guidelines/requirements and related to the establishment or change in the control strategy of vaccines. The application of other procedures required more specific attention and some were deeply debated before reaching a proposal. The key outcomes of this work are that robust science must be used to develop a substitution strategy and generate supportive data packages. And this good science can best occur with good scientific collaboration between the different parties involved. Therefore, early interaction between manufacturers and competent authorities before and during dossier submission is critical to success. The consistency approach, when approved and in place, will ensure vaccine products of assured quality reach the patient in a more efficient manner than when relying on in vivo testing. Adapting the mindset was one of the major hurdles to a progressive vision but there is now consensus between manufacturers and competent authorities to foster the elimination of in vivo testing for routine vaccine release testing.