Effect of Blue Light Filtering Intraocular Lenses on Visual Perception.

Background and Objectives: This retrospective consecutive case control study compares best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), mesopic contrast sensitivity (CS), color vision, and glare between a group of eyes with blue-light-filtering intraocular lenses and another with UV-light-filtering intraocular lenses. Materials and Methods: We used Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study charts to compare BCVA, Rabin charts for mesopic CS testing, Oculus HMC Anomaloscope MR to test for chromatic discrimination, and Oculus Mesotest II to measure scotopic CS with glare. For analysis, we used descriptive statistics and compared means with parametric and non-parametric tests. The level of significance was set as α = 0.05. Results: For the group with the blue-light-filtering intraocular lens, the average results were BCVA = 0.96 (SD ± 0.09), CS = 1.78 log (SD ± 0.12), chromatic discrimination results M = 63.91 (SD ± 11.88), R = 60.07 (SD ± 7.89). For mesopic CS with glare, the group achieved on average 2.54 (SD ± 1.50) points out of 4. For the group with the UV-light-filtering intraocular lens, the average results were BCVA = 0.93 (SD ± 0.14), CS = 1.79 log (SD ± 0.13), chromatic discrimination results M = 65.38 (SD ± 17.14), R = 60.79 (SD ± 10.39). For mesopic CS with glare, this group achieved an average of 2.79 (SD ± 1.53) points out of 4. Conclusion: No significant differences (p > 0.05) were found in any of the tested parameters between the analyzed groups. Slight shift in color vision was observed, although not statistically significant.

Ciliary Body Leiomyoma.

The report aims to present the case of intraocular leiomyoma. We conducted a case study on a patient who presented with an intraocular tumour. After examination, including magnetic resonance, positron emission tomography with computed tomography, B-scan, we performed surgery - enucleation of the eye globe with histological verification of tumour mass. Histological analysis of enucleated eyes proved intraocular leiomyoma. Leiomyoma is a rare intraocular tumour, which is clinically challenging to recognize; therefore, histological confirmation is most often required.

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and conjunctival sac swab findings.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this article is to evaluate the positivity of conjunctival sac swab by PCR (Polymerase chain reaction) test in COronaVIrus Disease 19 (COVID-19) patients. METHODS: Inclusion criteria of our study were COVID-19 patients hospitalized during March 2021 in inpatient wards at University Hospitals in towns Bratislava and Zilina, Slovakia. The conjunctival sac swabs collected by four ophthalmologists were stored for 24 h, then analyzed in the laboratory of the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University, Slovakia. The sampling apparatus, used for conjunctival sac swab, was the Dacron polyester swab. RESULTS: We examined one group of 302 COVID-19 patients, 168 Male (56%) and 134 Female (44%). The patients' mean age was 66.3 ± 13.66 years, ranging from 25 to 96 years, and the mean length of hospital stay in our patients with a nasopharyngeal positive PCR test was 7.33 ± 4.76, from 2 to 24 days. The PCR tests from the conjunctival sac swabs were positive in 33 patients (11%), negative in 259 patients (86%), and ten patients (3%) were with the unclear result. In the group of 33 positive patients were 17 males with a mean age of 74.6 ± 13.59 years and 16 females with a mean age of 70.63 ± 14.17 years. The cycle threshold (CT) values differed significantly between conjunctival sac swabs from the nasopharynx and the conjunctiva. Medians of the values were 25.1 (14.1, 32.1) and 31.5 (22.6, 36.6) (P <  0.001), respectively. CONCLUSION: This study affirmed that in COVID-19 patients the SARS-CoV-2 was detectable with PCR test in conjunctival sac swab, but the positivity rate was only about one to ten cases (11%).

Idiopathic intracranial hypertension with optic nerve edema - treatment options, case report.

Pseudotumor cerebri, benign intracranial hypertension or idiopathic intracranial hypertension are all terms used for a neurological syndrome consisting of increased intracranial pressure, headache and possible edema of the optic nerve head and decreased visual function. Normal findings in contrast agent computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging of the head in physiological neurological findings, with the exception of paresis VI, indicate an increase in pressure of laboratory normal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of unknown cause. In this article we describe what idiopathic intracranial hypertension is, what manifestations can occur from an ophthalmological point of view and how to treat them. Case report: The 47 years old female patient was sent for a consultation examination to the neurophthalmologic outpatient clinic of the Department of Ophthalmology, Comenius University, Bratislava. She reported about one and a half years of headache and impaired visual function. After repeated examinations in neurology, neurosurgery and ophthalmology outpatient clinic an edema of the optic nerve head was found. The patient was sent again for neurosurgical check-up. The lumboparietal drainage was performed. The patient continued to be monitored and received interdisciplinary treatment that resulted in the patient's central visual acuity decreasing slightly, but without loss of vision.