[Registry-based comparison of multiple sclerosis epidemiology trend data in 1999 and 2019: the case of Yaroslavl]. / Dinamika osnovnykh epidemiologicheskikh pokazatelei rasseyannogo skleroza po rezul'tatam sravneniya registrov patsientov 1999 i 2019 gg. v Yaroslavle.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the epidemiological indicators of multiple sclerosis (MS) in Yaroslavl when comparing the 1999 and 2019 registers to study the pathomorphism of the disease in this territory. MATERIAL AND METHODS: During the work, the data of the 1999 and 2019 registers were used, including the age of the debut, the date of diagnosis, the form of the disease, clinical characteristics, the treatment received and its duration. In 1999, 257 patients living in the city of Yaroslavl (155 women and 102 men) were included in the MS registry with a reliable diagnosis of MS according to Poser's criteria with confirmation according to neuroimaging data. In 2019, 479 people living in the territory of Yaroslavl (342 women and 137 men) were included in the register with a diagnosis of MS based on the criteria of MacDonald 2005, 2010, 2017. As of 01.01.19, 970 patients (530 women and 440 men) were included in the patient register of the Yaroslavl region. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Clinical and epidemiological review of Yaroslavl MS Registry data in 1999 and 2019 showed significant changes in disease pattern. The prevalence rate increased from 42.6 to 78.5 cases per 100,000 people. The morbidity rate rose from 1.58 to 3.28 cases per 100,000 people. The reasons for the increase are improvement in the diagnostic quality, new diagnostic criteria and the true growth of prevalence and morbidity. The use of disease modifying drugs (DMDs) has extended «the time to EDSS 3,0¼ by 4 years, «the time to EDSS 6,0¼ by 5-8 years.

[Clinical and epidemiological peculiarities of multiple sclerosis in patients with different level of essential and toxic chemicals in blood serum].

Multiple sclerosis as it seen presently is a disease determined by the interaction of genetic and environmental factors. Risk factors are some chronic infections and living in ecological hazard areas. In this aspect, the authors review a role of metals which remains unclear so far. The paper presents the data on the effects of zinc, cadmium, lead and copper on the multiple sclerosis course.

[The influence of environmental factors on the incidence and prevalence of multiple sclerosis]. / Vliianie ékologicheskikh faktorov na zabolevaemost' i rasprostranennost' rasseiannogo skleroza.

257 patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) participated in the study in Yaroslavl region. The main epidemiological indices (incidence and prevalence of MS) for the last 25 years were determined. The evaluation of environment pollution has been realized in different districts of the city according to the level of snow covering pollution. Farther in snow-test contents of 38 chemical elements found in industrial waste were determined and summary index of pollution of environment were calculated. Significant direct correlation is revealed between level of environment pollution and increasing of epidemiological characteristics of MS.