Health beliefs and engagement in moderate-to-vigorous-intensity physical activity among cancer survivors: a cross-sectional study.

PURPOSE: Moderate-to-vigorous-intensity physical activity (PA) can alleviate many adverse side effects and symptoms caused by cancer treatments; yet, most cancer survivors are insufficiently active. Evidence shows that theory-based PA behavior change interventions are more effective than non-theory-based interventions; thus, it is necessary to ascertain modifiable theoretical factors associated with moderate-to-vigorous-intensity PA among cancer survivors. Drawing on the health belief model (HBM), the associations between moderate-to-vigorous-intensity PA and (1) perceived susceptibility to cancer recurrence and health problems, (2) perceived severity of cancer recurrence and health problems, (3) perceived benefits of PA for reducing risk of cancer recurrence and health problems, (4) perceived barriers to PA, and (5) PA barrier self-efficacy among cancer survivors were examined. METHODS: A total of 123 adult cancer survivors (Mage = 50.1 ± 15.5 years; 82.9% female) completed an online self-report survey assessing sociodemographic and medical characteristics, moderate-to-vigorous-intensity PA, and the HBM constructs. Data were analyzed descriptively and using hierarchical linear regression analysis. RESULTS: After adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, time since cancer diagnosis, and treatments received, the HBM constructs collectively explained 29% of the variance in moderate-to-vigorous-intensity PA. Perceived benefits of PA (ß = .20, 95% CI [1.81, 11.67], p = .007) and PA barrier self-efficacy (ß = .42, 95% CI [0.26, 0.53], p < .001) were significantly associated with moderate-to-vigorous-intensity PA. CONCLUSION: Raising awareness of the benefits of PA for reducing risk of cancer recurrence and health problems and strengthening self-efficacy to overcome PA barriers may help to promote cancer survivors' attainment of moderate-to-vigorous-intensity PA guidelines.

Investigating physical activity knowledge and beliefs as correlates of behaviour in the general population: a cross-sectional study.

This study examines knowledge of physical activity (PA) guidelines for cancer prevention and beliefs of the role of PA in preventing cancer as correlates of moderate-to-vigorous intensity PA (MVPA) behaviour among adults. Measures assessing socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge of PA guidelines, and PA beliefs and behaviour were completed online by 654 adults (Mage = 36.92 ± 14.61 years) with no history of cancer. Data were analyzed descriptively and using unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression analysis. Approximately half the sample was aware of PA guidelines for cancer prevention (49.24%) and believed that PA was extremely effective in reducing the risk of developing cancer (48.93%). Knowledge of PA guidelines for cancer prevention was associated with a greater likelihood of being active (unadjusted odds ratio [OR]: 1.66, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 1.18-2.34; p <.01; adjusted OR: 2.05, 95% CI: 1.36-3.11; p <.001). Beliefs regarding the effectiveness of PA in preventing cancer was not associated with a greater likelihood of being active. There is a lack of awareness of current PA guidelines for cancer prevention. Experimental studies are needed to further explore if increasing adults' knowledge of PA guidelines for cancer prevention can enhance PA levels.

HealtheSteps™ Study Protocol: a pragmatic randomized controlled trial promoting active living and healthy lifestyles in at-risk Canadian adults delivered in primary care and community-based clinics.

BACKGROUND: Physical inactivity is one of the leading causes of chronic disease in Canadian adults. With less than 50% of Canadian adults reaching the recommended amount of daily physical activity, there is an urgent need for effective programs targeting this risk factor. HealtheSteps™ is a healthy lifestyle prescription program, developed from an extensive research base to address risk factors for chronic disease such as physical inactivity, sedentary behaviour and poor eating habits. HealtheSteps™ participants are provided with in-person lifestyle coaching and access to eHealth technologies delivered in community-based primary care clinics and health care organizations. METHOD/DESIGN: To determine the effectiveness of Healthesteps™, we will conduct a 6-month pragmatic randomized controlled trial with integrated process and economic evaluations of HealtheSteps™ in 5 clinic settings in Southwestern Ontario. 110 participants will be individually randomized (1:1; stratified by site) to either the intervention (HealtheSteps™ program) or comparator (Wait-list control). There are 3 phases of the HealtheSteps™ program, lasting 6 months each. The active phase consists of bi-monthly in-person coaching with access to a full suite of eHealth technology supports. During the maintenance phase I, the in-person coaching will be removed, but participants will still have access to the full suite of eHealth technology supports. In the final stage, maintenance phase II, access to the full suite of eHealth technology supports is removed and participants only have access to publicly available resources and tools. DISCUSSION: This trial aims to determine the effectiveness of the program in increasing physical activity levels and improving other health behaviours and indicators, the acceptability of the HealtheSteps™ program, and the direct cost for each person participating in the program as well as the costs associated with delivering the program at the different community sites. These results will inform future optimization and scaling up of the program into additional community-based primary care sites. TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT02413385 (Clinicaltrials.gov). Date Registered: April 6, 2015.

Newly diagnosed lung cancer patients' preferences for and beliefs about physical activity prior to chemotherapy.

Physical activity has been found to have a number of benefits for lung cancer patients yet very little information is available concerning physical activity beliefs and preferences for this population. The purpose of the study was to explore physical activity programming and counseling preferences and beliefs about physical activity in newly diagnosed lung cancer patients scheduled to receive chemotherapy. A total of 43 new diagnosed lung cancer patients completed a researcher-administered survey prior to commencing chemotherapy. Results indicated that only 7 participants (17%) reported meeting public health recommendations for physical activity yet the majority of participants (n = 28) indicated interest or possible interest in physical activity counseling. Many participants also indicated interest or possible interest in an exercise program (n = 29) for lung cancer survivors, preferring it to start during chemotherapy (n = 20), for it to be home based (n = 21), and moderate in intensity (n = 22). The most common behavioral belief (advantage) of physical activity was to build/maintain strength (n = 26) and the most common control belief (barrier) was fatigue (n = 11). These data suggest that physical activity counseling and programming may be well received by newly diagnosed lung cancer patients. Information about physical activity and programming preferences and beliefs from this study may be useful for the design of optimal physical activity interventions for lung cancer patients.

The Effectiveness of an Online Learning Strategy on Changing Physical Activity Counseling Practice in Nurses.

BACKGROUND: Nurses may be well poised for providing physical activity guidance and support to patients. PURPOSE: The purposes of this study were to examine the effectiveness of a concise, evidence based online learning modules strategy (OLMS) for improving nurses' physical activity counselling. METHODS: 68 nurses were randomly assigned to either an OLMS group or control group. The OLMS group completed a series of six online learning modules aimed at improving physical activity counselling practice. RESULTS: The OLMS group, compared to the control group, showed a trend for improvement in Physical Activity Counselling Practice (p = .063) after controlling for baseline values, and significant improvement in (a) Self-efficacy for Physical Activity Counselling (p = .001), (b) Knowledge of Physical Activity Guidelines, (p = .031), and (c) Perceived Benefits of Physical Activity Counselling (p = .014) over the course of the intervention. No significant change was found for Barriers for Providing Physical Activity Counselling (p > .05). CONCLUSIONS: The OLMS tested may be an effective means for improving self-efficacy, knowledge, and perceived benefits of physical activity counselling, suggesting the utility of online learning strategies for improving nurses' physical activity counselling practice. Given barriers to providing physical activity counselling were not affected by the intervention, future interventions and policy change could target these barriers specifically in order to give nurses more tools and time for reaching patients and addressing physical activity counselling in practice.

A randomized controlled trial of continuous activity, short bouts, and a 10,000 step guideline in inactive adults.

OBJECTIVE: Although several studies have examined the effect of accumulated bouts on health outcomes, the impact of recommending short bouts on activity-related behavior in health promotion efforts has received minimal investigation. METHOD: During this 5-week study in 2007-2008, 43 university employees (8 male, 35 female) in the Southeastern United States were randomly assigned to a group recommended to achieve (a) 10,000 steps (10K), (b) 30-minutes (30 min) of continuous physical activity, or (c) 30-minutes of activity in bouts of at least 10 minutes (bouts). RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Repeated measures ANOVA revealed that the 10K group showed the largest increase in step counts whereas the bouts group showed the smallest change over the intervention period, p=0.01. Condition differences were most pronounced on days in which participants met their activity recommendation. Accelerometer results revealed that the 10K (d=1.1) and 30 min groups (d=0.89) showed large increases in minutes of moderate to vigorous activity (MVPA), whereas the bouts group showed minimal change (d=0.11). Although activity recommendations did not differentially affect self-efficacy, participants from all conditions showed decreased self-efficacy across the intervention (p=0.02), highlighting the need to develop strategies to increase self-efficacy in activity promotion efforts.

The Alberta Physical Activity and Breast Cancer Prevention Trial: quality of life outcomes.

OBJECTIVE: Interventions for disease prevention should also be evaluated for quality of life (QoL) effects. Few exercise trials have examined QoL in the context of primary disease prevention. Here, we report the QoL outcomes from the Alberta Physical Activity and Breast Cancer Prevention (ALPHA) Trial. METHODS: The ALPHA trial was a randomized controlled trial in Calgary and Edmonton, Canada between May 2003 and July 2007 that compared an exercise intervention to a sedentary lifestyle among 320 sedentary, postmenopausal women. The exercise group was asked to perform moderate-to-vigorous intensity aerobic exercise 45 min/day, 5 days/week for 1 year. QoL was assessed by the short form-36 health survey. RESULTS: Compared to the control group, the exercise group maintained significantly better physical functioning (p<0.001), general health (p<0.001), vitality (p=0.002), and bodily pain (p=0.020) by 4-5 points which exceeds the 3.0 minimally important difference for these scales. Changes in body composition partially mediated the intervention effects. Antidepressant use and the presence of comorbidities moderated some intervention effects. CONCLUSIONS: A 1-year moderate-to-vigorous aerobic exercise program prevents declines in the physical aspects of QoL in postmenopausal women. Exercise may have a potentially important advantage for breast cancer prevention compared to other lifestyle or biomedical interventions.

Promotion of physical activity among oncologists in the United States.

Promotion of physical activity by health care providers has been found to positively influence the levels of physical activity in patients. The primary purpose of this study was to examine physical activity promotion practices of oncologists in the United States. Secondary purposes were to examine oncologists' perceptions of the benefits of physical activity for cancer survivors and barriers for promotion of physical activity. Of 702 medical and radiation oncologists in the United States invited to participate in the mailed survey, 199 oncologists responded to the survey (response rate, 30%). Approximately 64% of oncologists inquired about their patients' physical activity on some or most visits. Logistic regression indicated that oncologists who had been practicing > or =10 years (OR [odds ratio] = 2.52), were themselves physically active (OR = 1.99), or were medical oncologists (OR = 2.25) were the most likely to recommend physical activity to their patients. "Reducing the risk of recurrence" was rated lowest of all the potential benefits of physical activity for cancer patients. "Insufficient time" was rated the highest as a barrier to promotion of physical activity. Some oncologists are still not discussing physical activity with their patients. A number of barriers and perceptions of the benefits of physical activity may influence such discussions.

Family history of cancer as a cue to action for physical activity behaviour and beliefs.

Objective: Examine if family history of cancer serves as a cue to action prompting adults to assess their personal risk of cancer, consider the consequences, and engage in physical activity (PA) if they believe it will reduce their risk.Design: Cross-sectional survey of adults with and without a close relative with cancer.Main Outcome Measures: Health Belief Model (HBM) constructs of perceived cancer vulnerability, perceived cancer severity, response effectiveness of PA, self-efficacy for PA, and barriers to PA, and moderate-to-vigorous intensity PA (MVPA).Results: Perceived barriers and self-efficacy correlated with MVPA in both groups (p < .05), and perceived vulnerability and response effectiveness correlated with MVPA in participants with a close relative with cancer (p < .05). In multiple regression analyses, HBM constructs accounted for 18.5% and 8.3% of the variability in MVPA among participants with and without a close relative with cancer, respectively. Participants with a close relative with cancer had greater perceived vulnerability to cancer compared to participants without a close relative with cancer (p < .001).Conclusion: Adults with and without a close relative with cancer may be differentially influenced by HBM constructs, and as a result may respond differently to PA interventions and public health messaging.

Associations between exercise and quality of life in bladder cancer survivors: a population-based study.

BACKGROUND: Exercise has been shown to improve quality of life (QoL) in some cancer survivor groups, but it is unknown if the unique QoL issues faced by bladder cancer survivors are also amenable to an exercise intervention. This study provides the first data examining the association between exercise and QoL in bladder cancer survivors. METHODS: Bladder cancer survivors identified through a provincial cancer registry were mailed a survey that included the Godin Leisure Time Exercise Questionnaire, the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Bladder (FACT-Bl) scale, and the Fatigue Symptom Inventory. RESULTS: Of the 525 bladder cancer survivors (51% response rate) that completed the survey, 22.3% were meeting public health exercise guidelines in the past month, 16.0% were insufficiently active (i.e., some exercise but less than the guidelines), and 61.7% were completely sedentary. ANOVA indicated a general linear association between meeting guidelines and QoL, with those meeting guidelines reporting more favorable scores than completely sedentary survivors on the FACT-Bl (mean difference, 7.6; 95% confidence interval, 3.6-11.7; P < 0.001), the FACT (P = 0.001), the trial outcome index (P < 0.001), functional well-being (P < 0.001), additional concerns (P = 0.001), sexual functioning (P < 0.001), erectile function (P < 0.001), body image (P < 0.001), and various fatigue indicators (P < 0.05). Adjusting for key medical and demographic factors slightly attenuated the magnitude of the associations but did not alter the substantive conclusions. CONCLUSIONS: Exercise is positively associated with QoL in bladder cancer survivors, although few are meeting public health exercise guidelines. Studies testing the causal effects of exercise on QoL issues unique to this population are warranted.

Correlates of exercise motivation and behavior in a population-based sample of endometrial cancer survivors: an application of the Theory of Planned Behavior.

BACKGROUND: Despite evidence of the benefits of exercise in cancer survivors, exercise participation rates tend to decline after treatments. Few studies have examined the determinants of exercise in less common cancer sites. In this study, we examined medical, demographic, and social cognitive correlates of exercise in endometrial cancer survivors using the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). METHODS: A mailed survey was completed by 354 endometrial cancer survivors (1 to 10 years postdiagnosis) residing in Alberta, Canada. The study was cross-sectional. Exercise behavior was assessed using the Godin Leisure Time Exercise Questionnaire and the TPB constructs were assessed with standard self-report scales. Multiple regression analyses were used to determine the independent associations of the TPB constructs with intention and behavior. RESULTS: Chi-square analyses indicated that marital status (p = .003), income level (p = .013), and body mass index (BMI) (p = .020) were associated with exercise. The TPB explained 34.1% of the variance in exercise behavior with intention (beta = .38, p < .001) and self-efficacy (beta = .18, p = .029) being independent correlates. For intention, 38.3% of the variance was explained by the TPB with self-efficacy (beta = .34, p < .001) and affective attitude (beta = .30, p < .001) being the independent correlates. The TPB mediated the associations of marital status and BMI with exercise but not income level. Age and BMI moderated the associations of the TPB with intention and behavior. CONCLUSION: The TPB may be a useful framework for understanding exercise in endometrial cancer survivors. Exercise behavior change interventions based on the TPB should be tested in this growing population.

Evaluation of Online Learning Modules for Improving Physical Activity Counseling Skills, Practices, and Knowledge of Oncology Nurses.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES: To examine the effectiveness of online learning modules for improving physical activity counseling practices among oncology nurses. 
. DESIGN: Randomized, controlled trial.
. SETTING: Online.
. SAMPLE: 54 oncology nurses.
. METHODS: Oncology nurses were randomly assigned to the learning modules group or control group. The learning modules group completed six online learning modules and quizzes focused on physical activity for cancer survivors, general physical activity principles, and motivational interviewing.
. MAIN RESEARCH VARIABLES: Percentage of cancer survivors counseled, self-efficacy for physical activity counseling, knowledge of physical activity, and perceived barriers and benefits of physical activity counseling.
. FINDINGS: Analyses of covariance revealed no significant difference between the learning modules and control groups in the percentage of cancer survivors that oncology nurses counseled. Significant differences were found in self-efficacy for physical activity counseling and perceived barriers to physical activity counseling at postintervention. 
. CONCLUSIONS: The online learning intervention tested in this study improved some parameters of physical activity counseling but did not increase the percentage of cancer survivors that oncology nurses counseled. Additional pilot work is needed to refine the intervention.
. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING: This study suggests the potential utility of an evidence-based online learning strategy for oncology nurses that includes information on physical activity and its benefits in cancer survivorship. The findings offer a framework on how to implement physical activity counseling skills in oncology nursing practice.

Exercise preferences of endometrial cancer survivors: a population-based study.

Exercise has gained recognition as an effective supportive care intervention for cancer survivors, yet participation rates are low. Knowledge of the specific exercise counseling and programming preferences of cancer survivors may be useful for designing effective interventions. In this study, we examined the exercise preferences of 386 endometrial cancer survivors. Participants completed a questionnaire that included measures of past exercise behavior, exercise preferences, and medical and demographic information. Some key findings were as follows: (a) 76.9% of participants said they were interested or might be interested in doing an exercise program and (b) 81.7% felt they were able or likely able to actually do an exercise program. Participants also indicated that walking was their preferred activity (68.6%) and moderate exercise was their preferred intensity (61.1%). Logistic regression analyses showed that meeting public health guidelines for exercise, being overweight or obese, receiving adjuvant treatment, months since diagnosis, income, marital status, and level of education all influenced exercise preferences. These results suggest that endometrial cancer survivors have unique exercise preferences that are moderated by a number of demographic and medical variables. These findings may have implications for the design and implementation of clinical and population-based exercise interventions for endometrial cancer survivors.

Breast and Colon Cancer Survivors' Expectations About Physical Activity for Improving Survival.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES: To compare physical activity outcome expectations related to cancer survival with traditional physical activity outcome expectations in breast and colon cancer survivors
. DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey
. SETTING: Canada and the United States. SAMPLE: 146 participants
. METHODS: Self-reported survey instruments and height and weight measurement. The online survey was completed once by each participant
. MAIN RESEARCH VARIABLES: Godin Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire, Multidimensional Outcome Expectations for Exercise Scale (MOEES), and an item assessing physical activity outcome expectations related to cancer survival. FINDINGS: Paired sample t tests indicated that the mean score for the physical subscale of the MOEES was significantly higher than the mean score on the physical activity outcome expectations related to cancer survival variable (p < 0.001). Multiple regression analyses indicated that physical activity outcome expectations related to cancer survival explained 4.8% of the variance in physical activity (p = 0.011)
. CONCLUSIONS: Findings from the current study suggest that, among breast and colon cancer survivors, outcome expectations related to cancer survival may influence physical activity levels and may not be as realized as traditional outcome expectations
. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING: Oncology nurses should familiarize themselves with the guidelines and benefits of physical activity for survivors so they can provide guidance and support to patients.

The Teachable Moment After Cancer Diagnosis: Perceptions From Oncology Nurses.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES: To determine oncology nurses' perspectives of the receptiveness of survivors to receiving health behavior guidance, with secondary purposes to (a) explore other elements of oncology nurses' perceptions of the teachable moment and (b) examine differences in outcomes between American and Canadian nurses
. DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey.
 SETTING: In- and outpatient oncology nursing departments in the United States and Canada. SAMPLE: 310 members of the Canadian Association of Nurses in Oncology (CANO/ACIO) and the Oncology Nursing Society (ONS) who currently care for patients
. METHODS: Oncology nurses recruited through emails distributed through the CANO/ACIO and ONS Listservs completed online investigator-developed surveys. MAIN RESEARCH VARIABLES: Measures related to oncology nurses' perceptions of survivors' receptiveness to health behavior change counseling and the teachable moment (i.e., general receptiveness, perceived benefits, guidance and referral seeking, long- and short-term effectiveness, best time, and best resources). FINDINGS: Oncology nurses reported that survivors were receptive to receiving guidance on health behaviors, particularly during teachable moments after diagnosis and during treatment. They also perceived that a fairly low percentage of survivors asked for guidance about health behavior change; relatively few made improvements to their health behaviors.
 CONCLUSIONS: Survivors are reported to be interested in receiving guidance concerning health behavior change during key teachable moments. Oncology nurses may need to initiate conversations with survivors, offer education regarding the benefits of positive health behavior change, and provide ongoing support throughout the cancer trajectory. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING: Oncology nurses may use findings from the current study to guide their health behavior change counseling with survivors
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Lifestyle Counseling Practices of Oncology Nurses in the United States and Canada.

BACKGROUND: Oncology nurses are well poised to provide lifestyle behavior counseling to cancer survivors. However, very little is known about the current lifestyle behavior counseling practices of oncology nurses. OBJECTIVES: The primary purpose of this study was to examine lifestyle behavior counseling practices of oncology nurses. The secondary purpose was to examine differences in lifestyle behavior counseling based on nurses' health behaviors, additional training received, and country of residence. METHODS: Oncology nurses (N = 314) were primarily recruited through emails from oncology nursing email lists. Participants completed an online survey. FINDINGS: Overall, oncology nurses reported providing lifestyle counseling to most cancer survivors when appropriate. The majority of oncology nurses said they were receptive to receiving additional training about lifestyle counseling. Participants who had received additional training and who lived in the United States were more likely to provide counseling to cancer survivors. Concerning their own health behaviors, no meaningful differences were found regarding lifestyle behavior counseling practices, which contrasts with findings from previous research. Strengthening oncology nurses' lifestyle behavior counseling knowledge and skills may offer opportunities to enhance survivors' optimal health and quality of life and to reduce their risk of recurrence.

Exercise issues in older cancer survivors.

Older cancer survivors experience the combined deleterious effects associated with aging and a cancer diagnosis. The purpose of the present paper is to review the potential role of physical exercise in attenuating the effects of cancer and its treatments in older cancer survivors. Noting the limited direct research on exercise in older cancer survivors, we review the literature on: (a) older adults in general; and (b) cancer survivors in general. We conclude that although there is limited direct evidence on the benefits of exercise in older cancer survivors, there is compelling evidence of the benefits of exercise in cancer survivors in general and other older populations. We also conclude that exercise adherence will be a significant challenge in this population. Based on this evidence, we tentatively recommend exercise to older cancer survivors using the American College of Sports Medicine's [Med Sci Sports Exerc 30 (6) (1998) 992] guidelines for older adults in general. Finally, we offer future research directions that will provide important evidence needed to guide clinical decisions about exercise in older cancer survivors.

Does the perception that God controls health outcomes matter for health behaviors?

The purpose of this study was to examine the associations between God Locus of Health Control, health behaviors, and beliefs utilizing a cross-sectional online survey (N = 549). Results indicated that God Locus of Health Control was correlated with alcohol use, physical activity, perceived risk of chronic disease, and beliefs that poor health behaviors contribute to chronic disease (all p values < .05). Multiple regression analyses including covariates and other locus of control variables revealed that God Locus of Health Control was only an independent correlate of the belief that physical inactivity contributed to chronic disease. Insights from this study may be important for future faith-based health behavior change interventions.

Effect of an exercise training intervention with resistance bands on blood cell counts during chemotherapy for lung cancer: a pilot randomized controlled trial.

PURPOSE: Chemotherapy for lung cancer can have a detrimental effect on white blood cell (WBC) and red blood cell (RBC) counts. Physical exercise may have a role in improving WBCs and RBCs, although few studies have examined cancer patients receiving adjuvant therapies. The purpose of this pilot trial was to examine the effects of an exercise intervention utilizing resistance bands on WBCs and RBCs in lung cancer patients receiving curative intent chemotherapy. METHODS: A sample of lung cancer patients scheduled for curative intent chemotherapy was randomly assigned to the exercise intervention (EX) condition or usual care (UC) condition. The EX condition participated in a three times weekly exercise program using resistance bands for the duration of chemotherapy. RESULTS: A total of 14 lung cancer patients completed the trial. EX condition participants completed 79% of planned exercise sessions. The EX condition was able to maintain WBCs over the course of the intervention compared to declines in the UC condition (p = .008; d = 1.68). There were no significant differences in change scores in RBCs. CONCLUSIONS: Exercise with resistance bands may help attenuate declines in WBCs in lung cancer patients receiving curative intent chemotherapy. Larger trials are warranted to validate these findings. Ultimately these findings could be informative for the development of supportive care strategies for lung cancer patients receiving chemotherapy. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinical Trials Registration #: NCT01130714.

Resources for physical activity in cancer centers in the United States.

Physical activity (PA) has many benefits for cancer survivors. However, the available PA resources for survivors at cancer centers throughout the United States are undocumented. The current study surveyed major cancer centers concerning the availability and types (e.g., facilities, programs, counseling, information resources) of PA resources available. Of supportive care services, PA resources were the least commonly reported. Significant correlations were found among availability of PA resources and other supportive care services. Although many cancer centers reported offering PA programming, formal and informal PA guidance and support seem to fall on oncology nurses and other clinicians. Oncology nurses should be reminded that they may be one of the only sources of PA guidance available to survivors at cancer centers.