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1.
Can J Pain ; 7(1): 2176297, 2023.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37033155

RESUMO

Background: Recent data suggest that restrictions related to COVID-19 resulted in changes in the prescribing patterns of opioids. Aims: We sought to analyze Ontario health data for changes in frequencies among new and continuing users for the following opioid prescription characteristics: the type of opioid, the average daily dose, and the prescriber's specialty. Methods: Utilizing data on the Ontario Health Data Platform, we defined two 149-day windows as "before" and "after" based on the initial COVID-19 provincial lockdown. A total of 882,268 individuals met our inclusion criteria and were classified as either "new" or "continuing" users. Chi-square tests and Fisher's exact tests were applied for each level of our primary outcomes to determine whether there were significant changes in prescription proportions before and after the lockdown. Results: A decline of 28% was observed for the number of new users after the lockdown. Statistically significant changes were observed for new users across almost all opioid prescription characteristics between the before and after windows. The proportion of new users who received at least one dispensing event from a pharmacist increased by 26.32%, whereas continuing users increased by 378.61%. There were no statistically significant shifts in opioid prescriptions among individuals with a reported toxicity event during the study period. Conclusions: In terms of opioid prescribing patterns, new users experienced greater change following the onset of the pandemic lockdown than continuing users. Our findings potentially showcase the unintended impacts that COVID-19-related restrictions had on non-COVID-19-related health services, which can inform future policy decisions.


Contexte: Des données récentes indiquent que les restrictions liées à la COVID-19 ont entrainé des changements dans la prescription des opioïdes.Objectifs: Nous avons cherché à analyser les données sur la santé de l'Ontario pour déceler les changements de fréquence chez les nouveaux utilisateurs et les utilisateurs prévalents pour les caractéristiques de prescription d'opioïdes suivantes : le type d'opioïde, la dose quotidienne moyenne, et la spécialité du prescripteur.Méthodes: En utilisant les données de la plateforme de données sur la santé de l'Ontario, nous avons défini deux fenêtres de 149 jours comme suit : « avant ¼ et « après ¼ le confinement provincial initial de la COVID-19. Un total de 882 268 personnes ont répondu à nos critères d'inclusion et ont été classées comme « nouveaux utilisateurs ¼ ou « utilisateurs prévalents ¼. Des tests de chi-carré et des tests exacts de Fisher ont été appliqués pour chaque niveau de nos résultats primaires afin de déterminer s'il y avait eu des changements importants dans les proportions prescrites avant et après le confinement.Résultats: Une baisse de 28 % a été observée pour le nombre de nouveaux utilisateurs après le confinement.Des changements statistiquement significatifs ont été observés pour les nouveaux utilisateurs pour presque toutes les caractéristiques de prescriptions d'opioïdes entre les fenêtres avant et après. La proportion de nouveaux utilisateurs ayant eu au moins une prescription remplie par un pharmacien a augmenté de 26,32 %, tandis que le nombre d'utilisateurs prévalents a augmenté de 378,61 %. Il n'y a pas eu de changements statistiquement significatifs dans les prescriptions d'opioïdes parmi les personnes ayant déclaré un évènement de ⁠toxicité au cours de la période d'étude.Conclusions: En matière de modèles de prescription d'opioïdes, les nouveaux utilisateurs ont connu un changement plus important après le début du confinement de la pandémie que les utilisateurs prévalents. Nos résultats démontrent possiblement les répercussions inattendues des restrictions liées à la COVID-19 sur les services de santé non liés à la COVID-19, ce qui pourrait éclairer les décisions politiques futures.

2.
J Am Soc Echocardiogr ; 34(11): 1184-1194, 2021 11.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34129920

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Intraplaque neovascularization (IPN) in advanced lesions of the carotid artery has been linked to plaque progression and risk of rupture. Quantitative measurement of IPN may provide a more powerful tool for the detection of such "vulnerable" plaque than the current visual scoring method. The aim of this study was to develop a phantom platform of a neovascularized atherosclerotic plaque within a carotid artery to assess new methods of quantifying IPN. METHODS: Ninety-two synthetic plaque models with various IPN architectures representing different ranges of IPN scoring were created and assessed using contrast-enhanced ultrasound. Intraplaque neovascularization volume was calculated from contrast infiltration in B mode. The plaque models were used to develop a testing platform for IPN quantification. A neovascularized enhancement ratio (NER) was calculated using commercially available software. The plaque model NERs were then compared to human plaque NERs (n = 42) to assess score relationship. Parametric mapping of dynamic intensity over time was used to differentiate IPN from calcified plaque regions. RESULTS: A positive correlation between NER and IPN volume (rho = 0.45; P < .0001) was found in the plaque models. Enhancement of certain plaque model types showed that they resembled human plaques, with visual grade scores of 0 (NER mean difference = 1.05 ± SE 2.45; P = .67), 1 (NER mean difference = 0.22 ± SE 3.26; P = .95), and 2 (NER mean difference = -0.84 ± SE 3.33; P = .80). An optimal cutoff for NER (0.355) identified grade 2 human plaques with a sensitivity of 95% and specificity of 91%. CONCLUSIONS: We developed a carotid artery model of neovascularized plaque and established a quantitative method for IPN using commercially available technology. We also developed an analysis method to quantify IPN in calcified plaques. This novel tool has the potential to improve clinical identification of vulnerable plaques, providing objective measures of IPN for cardiovascular risk assessment.


Assuntos
Estenose das Carótidas , Placa Aterosclerótica , Artérias Carótidas/diagnóstico por imagem , Estenose das Carótidas/diagnóstico , Estenose das Carótidas/diagnóstico por imagem , Meios de Contraste , Humanos , Neovascularização Patológica/diagnóstico por imagem , Placa Aterosclerótica/diagnóstico por imagem , Ultrassonografia
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