Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Mostrar: 20 | 50 | 100
Resultados 1 - 9 de 9
Filtrar
1.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A ; 115(13): 3494-3499, 2018 03 27.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29531040

RESUMO

Modern European genetic structure demonstrates strong correlations with geography, while genetic analysis of prehistoric humans has indicated at least two major waves of immigration from outside the continent during periods of cultural change. However, population-level genome data that could shed light on the demographic processes occurring during the intervening periods have been absent. Therefore, we generated genomic data from 41 individuals dating mostly to the late 5th/early 6th century AD from present-day Bavaria in southern Germany, including 11 whole genomes (mean depth 5.56×). In addition we developed a capture array to sequence neutral regions spanning a total of 5 Mb and 486 functional polymorphic sites to high depth (mean 72×) in all individuals. Our data indicate that while men generally had ancestry that closely resembles modern northern and central Europeans, women exhibit a very high genetic heterogeneity; this includes signals of genetic ancestry ranging from western Europe to East Asia. Particularly striking are women with artificial skull deformations; the analysis of their collective genetic ancestry suggests an origin in southeastern Europe. In addition, functional variants indicate that they also differed in visible characteristics. This example of female-biased migration indicates that complex demographic processes during the Early Medieval period may have contributed in an unexpected way to shape the modern European genetic landscape. Examination of the panel of functional loci also revealed that many alleles associated with recent positive selection were already at modern-like frequencies in European populations ∼1,500 years ago.


Assuntos
Genética Populacional , Genoma Humano , Genômica/métodos , Migração Humana , Crânio/metabolismo , População Branca/genética , Arqueologia , DNA Antigo , Feminino , Variação Genética , Alemanha , Haplótipos , História Medieval , Humanos , Fenótipo , Crânio/anatomia & histologia , Sequenciamento Completo do Genoma
2.
Nature ; 513(7518): 409-13, 2014 Sep 18.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25230663

RESUMO

We sequenced the genomes of a ∼7,000-year-old farmer from Germany and eight ∼8,000-year-old hunter-gatherers from Luxembourg and Sweden. We analysed these and other ancient genomes with 2,345 contemporary humans to show that most present-day Europeans derive from at least three highly differentiated populations: west European hunter-gatherers, who contributed ancestry to all Europeans but not to Near Easterners; ancient north Eurasians related to Upper Palaeolithic Siberians, who contributed to both Europeans and Near Easterners; and early European farmers, who were mainly of Near Eastern origin but also harboured west European hunter-gatherer related ancestry. We model these populations' deep relationships and show that early European farmers had ∼44% ancestry from a 'basal Eurasian' population that split before the diversification of other non-African lineages.


Assuntos
Genoma Humano/genética , População Branca/classificação , População Branca/genética , Agricultura/história , Ásia/etnologia , Europa (Continente) , História Antiga , Humanos , Dinâmica Populacional , Análise de Componente Principal , Recursos Humanos
3.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A ; 113(25): 6886-91, 2016 06 21.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27274049

RESUMO

Farming and sedentism first appeared in southwestern Asia during the early Holocene and later spread to neighboring regions, including Europe, along multiple dispersal routes. Conspicuous uncertainties remain about the relative roles of migration, cultural diffusion, and admixture with local foragers in the early Neolithization of Europe. Here we present paleogenomic data for five Neolithic individuals from northern Greece and northwestern Turkey spanning the time and region of the earliest spread of farming into Europe. We use a novel approach to recalibrate raw reads and call genotypes from ancient DNA and observe striking genetic similarity both among Aegean early farmers and with those from across Europe. Our study demonstrates a direct genetic link between Mediterranean and Central European early farmers and those of Greece and Anatolia, extending the European Neolithic migratory chain all the way back to southwestern Asia.


Assuntos
Agricultura , Antropologia , Europa (Continente) , Genética Populacional , Humanos , Região do Mediterrâneo , Análise de Componente Principal
4.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A ; 111(13): 4832-7, 2014 Apr 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24616518

RESUMO

Pigmentation is a polygenic trait encompassing some of the most visible phenotypic variation observed in humans. Here we present direct estimates of selection acting on functional alleles in three key genes known to be involved in human pigmentation pathways--HERC2, SLC45A2, and TYR--using allele frequency estimates from Eneolithic, Bronze Age, and modern Eastern European samples and forward simulations. Neutrality was overwhelmingly rejected for all alleles studied, with point estimates of selection ranging from around 2-10% per generation. Our results provide direct evidence that strong selection favoring lighter skin, hair, and eye pigmentation has been operating in European populations over the last 5,000 y.


Assuntos
Cor de Olho/genética , Cor de Cabelo/genética , Seleção Genética , Pigmentação da Pele/genética , População Branca/genética , Alelos , Antígenos de Neoplasias/genética , Frequência do Gene/genética , Humanos , Proteínas de Membrana Transportadoras/genética , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único/genética , Fatores de Tempo
5.
Am J Phys Anthropol ; 142(3): 355-66, 2010 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20014179

RESUMO

The reconstruction of dietary patterns in the two Roman imperial age coastal communities of Portus and Velia (I-III AD) by means of stable isotope analysis of bone remains has exposed a certain degree of heterogeneity between and within the two samples. Results do not correlate with any discernible mortuary practices at either site, which might have pointed to differential social status. The present study tests the hypothesis of a possible connection between dietary habits and occupational activities in the two communities. Among skeletal markers of occupation, external auricular exostosis (EAE) has proved to be very informative. Clinical and retrospective epidemiological surveys have revealed a strong positive correlation between EAE development and habitual exposure to cold water. In this study, we show that there is a high rate of occurrence of EAE among adult males in both skeletal samples (21.1% in Portus and 35.3% in Velia). Further, there is a statistically significant higher prevalence of EAE among those individuals at Velia with very high nitrogen isotopic values. This points to fishing (coastal, low-water fishing) as the sea-related occupation most responsible for the onset of the ear pathology. For Portus, where the consumption of foods from sea and river seems to be more widespread through the population, and where the scenario of seaport and fluvial activities was much more complex than in Velia, a close correlation between EAE and fish consumption by fishermen is less easy to establish.


Assuntos
Otopatias/história , Orelha Externa/patologia , Exostose/história , Comportamento Alimentar , Doenças Profissionais/história , Ocupações , Mundo Romano , Adolescente , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Isótopos de Carbono/análise , Cemitérios , Otopatias/epidemiologia , Otopatias/patologia , Exostose/epidemiologia , Exostose/patologia , Feminino , História Antiga , Humanos , Itália , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Isótopos de Nitrogênio/análise , Doenças Profissionais/epidemiologia , Doenças Profissionais/patologia , Oceanos e Mares , Prevalência
6.
Nat Commun ; 8: 14615, 2017 03 03.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28256537

RESUMO

During the 1st millennium before the Common Era (BCE), nomadic tribes associated with the Iron Age Scythian culture spread over the Eurasian Steppe, covering a territory of more than 3,500 km in breadth. To understand the demographic processes behind the spread of the Scythian culture, we analysed genomic data from eight individuals and a mitochondrial dataset of 96 individuals originating in eastern and western parts of the Eurasian Steppe. Genomic inference reveals that Scythians in the east and the west of the steppe zone can best be described as a mixture of Yamnaya-related ancestry and an East Asian component. Demographic modelling suggests independent origins for eastern and western groups with ongoing gene-flow between them, plausibly explaining the striking uniformity of their material culture. We also find evidence that significant gene-flow from east to west Eurasia must have occurred early during the Iron Age.


Assuntos
Povo Asiático/genética , Fluxo Gênico , Migração Humana/história , Modelos Estatísticos , População Branca/genética , DNA Mitocondrial/genética , Conjuntos de Dados como Assunto , Variação Genética/genética , Pradaria , História Antiga , Humanos , Cazaquistão , Masculino , Federação Russa , Migrantes/história
7.
Science ; 353(6298): 499-503, 2016 Jul 29.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27417496

RESUMO

We sequenced Early Neolithic genomes from the Zagros region of Iran (eastern Fertile Crescent), where some of the earliest evidence for farming is found, and identify a previously uncharacterized population that is neither ancestral to the first European farmers nor has contributed substantially to the ancestry of modern Europeans. These people are estimated to have separated from Early Neolithic farmers in Anatolia some 46,000 to 77,000 years ago and show affinities to modern-day Pakistani and Afghan populations, but particularly to Iranian Zoroastrians. We conclude that multiple, genetically differentiated hunter-gatherer populations adopted farming in southwestern Asia, that components of pre-Neolithic population structure were preserved as farming spread into neighboring regions, and that the Zagros region was the cradle of eastward expansion.


Assuntos
Agricultura , Genoma Humano , Afeganistão/etnologia , Agricultura/história , Etnicidade/genética , Variação Genética , História Antiga , Migração Humana , Humanos , Irã (Geográfico)/etnologia , Paquistão/etnologia , População Branca/genética
8.
Ann Anat ; 194(1): 121-32, 2012 Jan 20.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22169595

RESUMO

The contribution of palaeogenetic data to the study of various aspects of hominin biology and evolution has been significant, and has the potential to increase substantially with the widespread implementation of next generation sequencing techniques. Here we discuss the present state-of-the-art of ancient human DNA analysis and the characteristics of hominin aDNA that make sequence validation particularly complex. A brief overview of the development of anthropological palaeogenetic analysis is given to illustrate the technical challenges motivating recent technological advancements.


Assuntos
DNA , Hominidae , Paleontologia , Animais , Evolução Biológica , DNA/química , DNA/genética , Hominidae/genética , Paleontologia/métodos , Fenótipo , Filogenia , Dinâmica Populacional , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Manejo de Espécimes , Humanos
9.
Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom ; 22(11): 1741-5, 2008 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18446769

RESUMO

Controlled feeding studies have been useful in assessing the relationship between isotope values from dietary sources and consumer tissues. We report the organic oxygen and hydrogen values of animal tissue from a porcine controlled dietary study. A complex mixture of fractionation and incorporation is revealed. In both deltaD and delta(18)O, differences in the absolute values and the amount of variation between and within consumer tissue are documented. Significant differences in deltaD and delta(18)O are observed between protein sources such as keratin and collagen.


Assuntos
Ração Animal , Hidrogênio/metabolismo , Compostos Orgânicos/química , Oxigênio/metabolismo , Suínos , Tecido Adiposo/química , Animais , Análise Química do Sangue , Cromatografia Gasosa , Colágeno Tipo I/química , Deutério/análise , Cabelo/química , Hidrogênio/análise , Espectrometria de Massas , Músculo Esquelético/química , Oxigênio/análise , Isótopos de Oxigênio/análise
SELEÇÃO DE REFERÊNCIAS
DETALHE DA PESQUISA