Laguerre Gaussian mode holography and its application in optical encryption.

Holography provides an approach to reconstructing both intensity and phase information, and has many applications for microscopic imaging, optical security, and data storage. Recently, the azimuthal Laguerre-Gaussian (LG) mode index, orbital angular momentum (OAM), has been implemented in holography technologies as an independent degree of freedom for high-security encryption. The radial index (RI) of LG mode, however, has not been implemented as an information carrier in holography. Here we propose and demonstrate the RI holography by using strong RI selectivity in the spatial-frequency domain. Furthermore, the LG holography is realized theoretically and experimentally with the (RI, OAM) spanning from (1, -15) to (7, 15), which leads to a 26bit LG-multiplexing hologram for high-security optical encryption. Based on LG holography, a high-capacity holographic information system can be constructed. In our experiments, a LG-multiplexing holography with a span of 217 independent LG channels has been realized, which is inaccessible at present for the OAM holography.

High-Dimensional Entanglement-Enabled Holography.

As an important imaging technique, holography has been realized with different physical dimensions of light, including polarization, wavelength, and time. Recently, quantum holography has been demonstrated by utilizing polarization entangled state with the advantages of high robustness and enhanced spatial resolution, comparing with classical holography. However, the polarization is only a two-dimensional degree of freedom, which greatly limits the capacity of quantum holography. Here, we propose a method to realize high-dimensional quantum holography by using high-dimensional orbital angular momentum (OAM) entanglement. A high-capacity OAM-encoded quantum holographic system can be obtained by multiplexing a wide range of OAM-dependent holographic images. Proof-of-principle experiments with four- and six-dimensional OAM entangled states have been implemented and verify the feasibility of our idea. Our experimental results also demonstrate that the high-dimensional quantum holography shows a high robustness to classical noise. What is more, the level of security of the holographic imaging encryption system can be greatly improved in our high-dimensional quantum holography.

NOD2 induces VCAM-1 and ET-1 gene expression via NF-κB in human umbilical vein endothelial cells with muramyl dipeptide stimulation.

OBJECTIVES: Endothelial dysfunction is involved in various aspects of vascular biology and different stages of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein (NOD) 2, a pivotal innate immune receptor for muramyl dipeptide (MDP), has been reported to be a central regulator in CVDs. Previously, we reported that NOD2 played a leading role in MDP-triggered oxidative stress in endothelial cells (ECs). However, whether NOD2 participates in the regulatory mechanism of vascular cell adhesion molecule­1 (VCAM-1) and endothelin­1 (ET-1) expression was not elucidated. METHODS: Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were stimulated with MDP for 12 h. mRNA expression of VCAM­1 and ET­1 was detected using real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Scrambled control small interfering RNA (siRNA) and NOD2 siRNA were transfected into HUVECs using Lipofectamine 2000 reagent (Invitrogen, Waltham, MA, USA). Furthermore, pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate was adopted to investigate the effect of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) on NOD2-mediated VCAM­1 and ET­1 gene expression in MDP-treated HUVECs. RESULTS: Data showed that MDP significantly increased VCAM­1 and ET­1 mRNA expression, which was dependent on NOD2. In addition, NF-κB inhibition suppressed NOD2-mediated gene expression of VCAM­1 and ET­1. CONCLUSION: Collectively, we confirmed NOD2 aggravated VCAM­1 and ET­1 gene expression through NF-κB in HUVECs treated with MDP.

Theoretical analysis based on mirror symmetry for tightly focused vector optical fields.

A theoretical analysis based on mirror symmetry is proposed to analyze and predict the symmetry in intensity, phase and polarization distributions of the tightly focused vector optical field (VOF). We extend the analysis to more cases including more complicated polarization states and weak focusing cases. We further show the symmetric tightly focused fields of the eccentric cylindrical VOF and the redesigned VOF with a radially variant polarization state, which are achieved by redesigning the polarization state of the incident VOF based on the symmetry analysis. We also take the laser fabrication as an example to further show how to apply this symmetry analysis in a specific application area. Such a theoretical analysis can improve the calculation efficiency, provide new insights into the tight focusing process and offer a convenient way to engineer the field distributions in the focal plane, which may have potential applications in areas needing flexibly controllable tightly focused fields, such as laser fabrication, optical trapping, and optical storage.

Pancharatnam-Berry geometric phase memory based on spontaneous parametric down-conversion.

Phase memory is an effect in which the interaction between a coherent pump beam and a nonlinear crystal generates photon pairs via the spontaneous parametric down-conversion process, then the down-converted photons (signal and idler) can carry the phase information of the pump beam. There has been much research on the memory of the dynamic phase so far; however, there is no report on the memory of non-dynamic phase, to the best of our knowledge. Here we acquire a Pancharatnam-Berry (PB) geometric phase in a physical system when light travels along a trajectory in polarization-state space. Induced coherence occurs in a cascaded scheme composed of two nonlinear crystals, when the idler photons in both crystals are aligned to be indistinguishable. A NOON ($N\; = \;{2}$N=2) state is established when blocking the two idler photons. We explore the PB geometric phase memory of the NOON state and induced coherence. We find that the first-order interference of the two-photon state or signal photons can be controlled by introducing the PB geometric phase to the pump light. This may facilitate precise control of the phase of the down-converted photons.

Compact, robust, and high-efficiency generator of vector optical fields.

We design and realize a generator that can convert an orbital angular momentum (OAM) state into a vector polarization state. The generator is integrated by several commonly used optical elements and easy to make or glued. Compared with traditional interferometric ways for generating the vector optical fields, this integrated generator has compact and robust advantages and especially a high-efficiency of 87%.

Muramyl Dipeptide Induces Reactive Oxygen Species Generation Through the NOD2/COX-2/NOX4 Signaling Pathway in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells.

Vascular endothelium dysfunction caused by oxidative stress accelerates the pathologic process of cardiovascular diseases. NOD2, an essential receptor of innate immune system, has been demonstrated to play a critical role in atherosclerosis. Here, the aim of our study was to investigate the effect and underlying molecular mechanism of muramyl dipeptide (MDP) on NOX4-mediated reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). The 2,7-dichlorofluorescein diacetate staining was to measure the intracellular ROS level and showed MDP-promoted ROS production in a time- and dose-dependent manner. The mRNA and protein levels of NOX4 and COX-2 were detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) was used to silence NOD2 or COX-2 gene expression and investigate the mechanism of NOD2-mediated signaling pathway in HUVECs. Data showed that MDP induced NOX4 and COX-2 expression in a time- and dose-dependent manner. NOD2 knock-down suppressed upregulation of COX-2 and NOX4 in HUVECs treated with MDP. Furthermore, silence of COX-2 in HUVECs downregulated the NOX4 expression after MDP stimulation. Collectively, we indicated that NOD2 played a leading role in MDP-induced COX-2/NOX4/ROS signaling pathway in HUVECs, which was a novel regulatory mechanism in the progress of ROS generation.

[Infection Status of Human Papilloma Virus,Ureaplasma Urealyticum, Chlamydia Trachomatis,and Neisseria Gonorrhoeae].

Objective To analyze the infection status of human papilloma virus (HPV),Ureaplasma urealyticum (UU),Chlamydia trachomatis (CT),and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) in clinical patients.Methods The laboratory specimens including urine,urethral swabs,and cervical swabs from 870 patients from January 1st 2014 to December 31st 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. HPV-DNA was detected by multiplex fluorescent PCR,and the UU-RNA,CT-RNA,and NG-RNA were determined by isothermal nucleic acid amplification. The positive rate of each pathogen and the distribution of positive rate between male and female patients were calculated. The samples were further divided into HPV-positive group and HPV-negative group,and the positive rates of UU-RNA,CT-RNA,and NG-RNA in these two groups were compared.Results The highest positive rate was 53.68%(467/870) for UU-RNA,followed by HPV-DNA [32.41%(282/870) ]and NG-RNA [2.18%(19/870)]. The total positive rate of high-risk (HR)-HPV(subtypes:16,18,31,33,35,39,45,51,52,56,58,59,and 68) [31.52%(209/663)]and UU in female patients [60.93%(404/663)] was significantly higher than that in male patients [17.39%(36/207),30.34%(63/207)](both P<0.001). The male patients had significantly higher CT positive rate in HR-HPV-positive group than in HR-HPV-negative group [22.58%(7/31) vs. 4.54%(8/176)](P<0.001). The female patients had significantly higher CT positive rate in HR-HPV-positive group than in HR-HPV-negative group [10.5%(21/200) vs. 5.61%(26/463)](P=0.024). The UU-RNA positive rate of females in the low-risk (LR)-HPV (subtypes:6 and 11) positive group was significantly higher than that in LR-HPV negative group [70.83%(34/48) vs.2.11%(13/615)](P<0.001).Conclusions Women are more susceptible to HR-HPV and UU infections. HR-HPV-positive patients are more likely to experience CT infection. In contrast,co-infection with UU is more common in LR-HPV-positive females.

Infection Modes and Subtypes of Human Papilloma Virus in Patients.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of human papilloma virus(HPV)subtypes in patients and to provide an evidence for the prevention and treatment of HPV infection and the development of HPV vaccine. Methods Multiplex PCR was used to detect HPV DNA in 6917 patients in Peking Union Medical College Hospital from January 1,2013 to June 30,2015.Totally 5586 patients entered the final analysis after the repeat samples were deleted.The total positive rate of HPV subtypes(including high-risk subtypes including HPV-16,18,31,33,35,39,45,51,52,56,58,59,and 68 and low-risk subtypes including HPV-6 and 11)and the infection status of different age were analyzed. Results The total positive rate of HPV was 36.29%(2027/5586).The positive rate of high-risk subtype was 24.92%(1392/5586)and low-risk subtype was 1.66%(93/5586).The positive rate of multiple was 9.70%(542/5586)and multiple high-risk subtype was 7.75%(433/5586).The positive rate of high-risk subtype and multiple were 25.52%(1366/5353)and 11.16%(26/233)in female and 9.99%(535/5353)and 3.00%(7/233)in male,there were significantly difference(χ2=24.61,χ2=12.45,all P<0.001).The positive rate of low-risk subtypes(3.86%,9/233)in males was significantly higher than that in females(1.57%,84/5353)(χ2=5.84,P=0.007).The high-risk HPV subtype infection mainly was seen in patients aged 31-50 years and the low-risk HPV subtype infection mainly in patients aged 21-40 years.The age of multiple HPV infections from 31-40 years.The lowest turn negative rates of subtype were HPV52 and HPV58.The top three HPV subtypes with the highest positive rates were HPV52,HPV16,and HPV58.Conclusions The positive rates of HPV type are different between male and female patients.The males are mainly infected with low-risk subtypes,whereas the females with high-risk subtypes and the multiple HPV subtypes.The top three high-risk subtypes are HPV-52,16,and 58.HPV subtypes with the lowest secondary negative rates are HPV-52 and 58.HPV infection is mainly seen in young individuals.

Generalized Poincaré sphere.

We present a generalized Poincaré sphere (G sphere) and generalized Stokes parameters (G parameters), as a geometric representation, which unifies the descriptors of a variety of vector fields. Unlike the standard Poincaré sphere, the radial dimension in the G sphere is not used to describe the partially polarized field. The G sphere is constructed by extending the basic Jones vector bases to the general vector bases with the continuously changeable ellipticity (spin angular momentum, SAM) and the higher dimensional orbital angular momentum (OAM). The north and south poles of different spherical shells in the G sphere represent the pair of different orthogonal vector basis with different ellipticity (SAM) and the opposite OAM. The higher-order Poincaré spheres are just the two special spherical shells of the G sphere. We present a quite flexible scheme, which can generate all the vector fields described in the G sphere.

Elliptic-symmetry vector optical fields.

We present in principle and demonstrate experimentally a new kind of vector fields: elliptic-symmetry vector optical fields. This is a significant development in vector fields, as this breaks the cylindrical symmetry and enriches the family of vector fields. Due to the presence of an additional degrees of freedom, which is the interval between the foci in the elliptic coordinate system, the elliptic-symmetry vector fields are more flexible than the cylindrical vector fields for controlling the spatial structure of polarization and for engineering the focusing fields. The elliptic-symmetry vector fields can find many specific applications from optical trapping to optical machining and so on.

Recording and reconstruction of vector fields in a Fe-doped LiNbO3 crystal.

We propose a flexible method to record and reconstruct vector fields with space-variant polarization distribution in c-cut Fe-doped LiNbO3, based on photorefractive two-wave mixing. To our knowledge, this is the first approach for the reconstruction of vector fields without using the photoinduced anisotropy of the recording material.

Phase conjugation of vector fields by degenerate four-wave mixing in a Fe-doped LiNbO3.

We propose a method to generate the phase-conjugate wave of the vector field by degenerate four-wave mixing in a c-cut Fe-doped LiNbO3 crystal. We demonstrate experimentally that the phase-conjugate wave of the vector field can be generated. In particular, the phase-conjugate vector field has also the peculiar function of compensating the polarization distortion, as the traditional phase-conjugate scaler field can compensate the phase distortion.

Correlated optical convolutional neural network with "quantum speedup".

Compared with electrical neural networks, optical neural networks (ONNs) have the potentials to break the limit of the bandwidth and reduce the consumption of energy, and therefore draw much attention in recent years. By far, several types of ONNs have been implemented. However, the current ONNs cannot realize the acceleration as powerful as that indicated by the models like quantum neural networks. How to construct and realize an ONN with the quantum speedup is a huge challenge. Here, we propose theoretically and demonstrate experimentally a new type of optical convolutional neural network by introducing the optical correlation. It is called the correlated optical convolutional neural network (COCNN). We show that the COCNN can exhibit "quantum speedup" in the training process. The character is verified from the two aspects. One is the direct illustration of the faster convergence by comparing the loss function curves of the COCNN with that of the traditional convolutional neural network (CNN). Such a result is compatible with the training performance of the recently proposed quantum convolutional neural network (QCNN). The other is the demonstration of the COCNN's capability to perform the QCNN phase recognition circuit, validating the connection between the COCNN and the QCNN. Furthermore, we take the COCNN analog to the 3-qubit QCNN phase recognition circuit as an example and perform an experiment to show the soundness and the feasibility of it. The results perfectly match the theoretical calculations. Our proposal opens up a new avenue for realizing the ONNs with the quantum speedup, which will benefit the information processing in the era of big data.

Vector optical fields with polarization distributions similar to electric and magnetic field lines.

We present, design and generate a new kind of vector optical fields with linear polarization distributions modeling to electric and magnetic field lines. The geometric configurations of "electric charges" and "magnetic charges" can engineer the spatial structure and symmetry of polarizations of vector optical field, providing additional degrees of freedom assisting in controlling the field symmetry at the focus and allowing engineering of the field distribution at the focus to the specific applications.

FTO-mediated epigenetic upregulation of LINC01559 confers cell resistance to docetaxel in breast carcinoma by suppressing miR-1343-3p.

This study was to explore the regulatory effect of long non-coding RNA LINC01559 on Docetaxel resistance in breast carcinoma (BCa) and its underlying mechanism. In the present study, we found that LINC01559 expression was elevated and LINC01559 overexpression facilitated docetaxel resistance in BCa cells. Moreover, it was revealed that the upregulation of LINC01559 in BCa cells was induced by FTO-mediated demethylation in an m6A-YTHDF2-dependent manner. Additionally, Dual-luciferase reporter assay confirmed the binding ability between LINC01559 and miR-1343-3p, and Pearson correlation analysis showed a negative correlation between them. Particularly, miR-1343-3p inhibition partly abolished the suppression on docetaxel resistance in BCa cells caused by LINC01559 knockdown. To sum up, FTO-mediated epigenetic upregulation of LINC01559 promoted cell resistance to Docetaxel in BCa by negatively regulating miR-1343-3p.

Young's two-slit interference of vector light fields.

We explore the peculiar interference behaviors of the vector fields in the Young's two-slit configuration. The interference patterns have a chessboard structure in the middle region and depend on the topological charge and the initial phase of the input vector field. The results have potential applications such as characterizing the topological properties of the arbitrary vector fields.

Tuina-focused integrative chinese medical therapies for inpatients with low back pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective. To evaluate the effectiveness of Tuina-focused integrative Chinese medical therapies (TICMT) on inpatients with low back pain (LBP). Methods. 6 English and Chinese databases were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of TICMT for in-patients with LBP. The methodological quality of the included RCTs was assessed based on PEDro scale. And the meta-analyses of TICMT for LBP on pain and functional status were conducted. Results. 20 RCTs were included. The methodological quality of the included RCTs was poor. The meta-analyses' results showed that TICMT had statistically significant effects on pain and functional status, especially Tuina plus Chinese herbal medicine (standardised mean difference, SMD: 1.17; 95% CI 0.75 to 1.60 on pain; SMD: 1.31; 95% CI 0.49 to 2.14 on functional status) and Tuina plus acupuncture (SMD: 0.94; 95% CI 0.38 to 1.50 on pain; SMD: 0.53; 95% CI 0.21 to 0.85 on functional status). But Tuina plus moxibustion or hot pack did not show significant improvements on pain. And the long-term evidence of TICMT was far from sufficient. Conclusions. The preliminary evidence from current studies suggests that TICMT might be effective complementary and alternative treatments for in-patients with LBP. However, the poor methodological quality of the included RCTs means that high-quality RCTs with long follow-up are warranted.

Chinese massage combined with herbal ointment for athletes with nonspecific low back pain: a randomized controlled trial.

Non-specific low back pain (NLBP) is an increasing health problem for athletes. This randomized controlled trial was designed to investigate the effects of Chinese massage combined with herbal ointment for NLBP. 110 athletes with NLBP were randomly assigned to experimental group with Chinese massage combined with herbal ointment or control group with simple massage therapy. The primary outcome was pain by Chinese Short Form McGill Pain Questionnaire (C-SFMPQ). The secondary outcome was local muscle stiffness by Myotonometer. After 4 weeks, the experimental group experienced significant improvements in C-SFMPQ and in local muscle stiffness compared with control group (between-group difference in mean change from baseline, -1.24 points, P = 0.005 in sensory scores; -3.14 points, P < 0.001 in affective scores; -4.39 points, P < 0.001 in total scores; -0.64 points, P = 0.002 in VAS; -1.04 points, P = 0.005 in local muscle stiffness during relaxation state). The difference remained at one month followup, but it was only significant in affective scores (-2.83 points, P < 0.001) at three months followup. No adverse events were observed. These findings suggest that Chinese massage combined with herbal ointment may be a beneficial complementary and alternative therapy for athletes with NLBP.

[Analysis of cytomegaloviral antigenemia test and re-test after antiviral chemotherapy in patients with autoimmune and non-autoimmune diseases].

OBJECTIVE: To retrospectively analyze the cytomegalovirus (CMV) antigenemia test and re-test after antiviral chemotherapy in patients with autoimmune and non-autoimmune diseases. METHODS: CMV Brite kit and indirect immunofluorescence were used to detect CMVpp65 antigenemia in 6471 peripheral blood leukocyte specimens from 5325 clinic and hospitalized patients with clinically suspicious CMV infections from May 2008 to February 2012. And the positive results were defined as episodes of systemic CMV activity. RESULTS: In 6471 EDTA-treated peripheral blood specimens, 948 (14.6%) were found with positive CMV antigenemia. The average positive rate from 13 kinds of autoimmune diseases was 34.9% (670/1922) in which systemic lupus erythematosus patients had the highest (52.4%, 551/1052). Meanwhile, the average positive rate from 12 kinds of non-autoimmune diseases was only 6.1% (144/2367) in which it was 17.3% (27/156) in patients with respiratory/acute renal failure, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and kidney transplant recipients. And 189 patients with positive antigenemia were re-tested after antiviral chemotherapy and only 64 (33.9%) were converted negatively. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with autoimmune diseases have replaced traditionally immunocompromised patients, e.g. AIDS and kidney transplant recipient, to become the highest risk group of systemic CMV activity. Negative conversion rate of CMV antigenemia is low after antiviral chemotherapy.