RESUMO
While it is known that vitamin D deficiency is associated with adverse bone outcomes, it remains unclear whether low vitamin D status may increase the risk of a wider range of health outcomes. We had the opportunity to explore the association between common genetic variants associated with both 25 hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) and the vitamin D binding protein (DBP, encoded by the GC gene) with a comprehensive range of health disorders and laboratory tests in a large academic medical center. We used summary statistics for 25OHD and DBP to generate polygenic scores (PGS) for 66,482 participants with primarily European ancestry and 13,285 participants with primarily African ancestry from the Vanderbilt University Medical Center Biobank (BioVU). We examined the predictive properties of PGS25OHD, and two scores related to DBP concentration with respect to 1322 health-related phenotypes and 315 laboratory-measured phenotypes from electronic health records. In those with European ancestry: (a) the PGS25OHD and PGSDBP scores, and individual SNPs rs4588 and rs7041 were associated with both 25OHD concentration and 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D concentrations; (b) higher PGS25OHD was associated with decreased concentrations of triglycerides and cholesterol, and reduced risks of vitamin D deficiency, disorders of lipid metabolism, and diabetes. In general, the findings for the African ancestry group were consistent with findings from the European ancestry analyses. Our study confirms the utility of PGS and two key variants within the GC gene (rs4588 and rs7041) to predict the risk of vitamin D deficiency in clinical settings and highlights the shared biology between vitamin D-related genetic pathways a range of health outcomes.
Assuntos
Proteína de Ligação a Vitamina D , Vitamina D , Humanos , Proteína de Ligação a Vitamina D/genética , Vitamina D/sangue , Vitamina D/genética , Vitamina D/análogos & derivados , Feminino , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto , Estudo de Associação Genômica Ampla , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , População Branca/genética , Fenótipo , Idoso , Deficiência de Vitamina D/genética , Deficiência de Vitamina D/sangue , Deficiência de Vitamina D/epidemiologia , Herança Multifatorial/genéticaRESUMO
Subclinical cardiac dysfunction is associated with smaller total brain volume on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). To study whether cardiac output relates to regional measurements of grey and white matter structure, older adults (n = 326) underwent echocardiogram to quantify cardiac output (L/min) and brain MRI. Linear regressions related cardiac output to grey matter volumes measured on T1 and white matter hyperintensities assessed on T2-FLAIR. Voxelwise analyses related cardiac output to diffusion tensor imaging adjusting for demographic, genetic, and vascular risk factors. Follow-up models assessed a cardiac output x diagnosis interaction with stratification (normal cognition, mild cognitive impairment). Cardiac output interacted with diagnosis, such that lower cardiac output related to smaller total grey matter (p = 0.01), frontal lobe (p = 0.01), and occipital lobe volumes (p = 0.01) among participants with normal cognition. When excluding participants with cardiovascular disease and atrial fibrillation, associations emerged with smaller parietal lobe (p = 0.005) and hippocampal volume (p = 0.05). Subtle age-related cardiac changes may disrupt neuronal homeostasis and impact grey matter integrity prior to cognitive impairment.
Assuntos
Disfunção Cognitiva , Substância Branca , Idoso , Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagem , Débito Cardíaco , Cognição , Disfunção Cognitiva/diagnóstico por imagem , Imagem de Tensor de Difusão , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância MagnéticaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Subclinical cardiac dysfunction is associated with decreased cerebral blood flow, placing the aging brain at risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology and neurodegeneration. OBJECTIVE: This study investigates the association between subclinical cardiac dysfunction, measured by left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers of AD and neurodegeneration. METHODS: Vanderbilt Memory & Aging Project participants free of dementia, stroke, and heart failure (nâ=â152, 72±6 years, 68% male) underwent echocardiogram to quantify LVEF and lumbar puncture to measure CSF levels of amyloid-ß42 (Aß42), phosphorylated tau (p-tau), and total tau (t-tau). Linear regressions related LVEF to CSF biomarkers, adjusting for age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, Framingham Stroke Risk Profile, cognitive diagnosis, and apolipoprotein E É4 status. Secondary models tested an LVEF x cognitive diagnosis interaction and then stratified by diagnosis (normal cognition (NC), mild cognitive impairment (MCI)). RESULTS: Higher LVEF related to decreased CSF Aß42 levels (ß=â-6.50, pâ=â0.04) reflecting greater cerebral amyloid accumulation, but this counterintuitive result was attenuated after excluding participants with cardiovascular disease and atrial fibrillation (pâ=â0.07). We observed an interaction between LVEF and cognitive diagnosis on CSF t-tau (pâ=â0.004) and p-tau levels (pâ=â0.002), whereas lower LVEF was associated with increased CSF t-tau (ß=â-9.74, pâ=â0.01) and p-tau in the NC (ß=â-1.41, pâ=â0.003) but not MCI participants (p-values>0.13). CONCLUSIONS: Among cognitively normal older adults, subclinically lower LVEF relates to greater molecular evidence of tau phosphorylation and neurodegeneration. Modest age-related changes in cardiovascular function may have implications for pathophysiological changes in the brain later in life.
Assuntos
Biomarcadores/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Doenças Neurodegenerativas/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Doenças Neurodegenerativas/fisiopatologia , Volume Sistólico , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Doença de Alzheimer/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Doença de Alzheimer/fisiopatologia , Doença de Alzheimer/psicologia , Peptídeos beta-Amiloides/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Transtornos Cognitivos/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Transtornos Cognitivos/psicologia , Disfunção Cognitiva/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Disfunção Cognitiva/psicologia , Ecocardiografia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Testes de Estado Mental e Demência , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Doenças Neurodegenerativas/psicologia , Fragmentos de Peptídeos/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Fatores de Risco , Função Ventricular Esquerda , Proteínas tau/líquido cefalorraquidianoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To cross-sectionally relate multiple small vessel disease (SVD) neuroimaging markers to cognition among older adults. METHODS: Vanderbilt Memory & Aging Project participants free of clinical dementia and stroke (n = 327, age 73 ± 7 years, 59% male, 40% with mild cognitive impairment) completed neuropsychological assessment and 3T MRI to measure white matter hyperintensities (WMH), perivascular spaces (PVS), cerebral microbleeds (CMBs), and lacunes. Linear regressions related each SVD marker to neuropsychological performances and adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, cognitive diagnosis, APOE ε4 presence, Framingham Stroke Risk Profile, and intracranial volume. RESULTS: WMH related to the most neuropsychological measures, including the Boston Naming Test, Animal Naming, Coding, Number Sequencing, Executive Function Composite, and Hooper Visual Organization Test performances (p ≤ 0.01). PVS related to multiple information processing and executive function performances (p ≤ 0.02). Lacunes and CMBs related to fewer measures than expected. Combined models simultaneously testing multiple statistically significant SVD predictors suggested that WMH, PVS, and CMBs each independently related to information processing and executive function performances; however, compared to other SVD markers, PVS remained statistically significant in models related to information processing and executive functioning performances. CONCLUSIONS: As expected, increased WMH corresponded to poorer performances across multiple cognitive domains. PVS, previously considered a benign neuroimaging feature in older adults, may have important clinical implications because PVS was related to information processing and executive function performances even in combined models. On the basis of models with multiple SVD predictors, WMH, PVS, and CMBs may each reflect a separate pathway of small vessel injury.
Assuntos
Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagem , Transtornos Cerebrovasculares/diagnóstico por imagem , Transtornos Cerebrovasculares/psicologia , Cognição , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Encéfalo/irrigação sanguínea , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Estudos Longitudinais , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Testes NeuropsicológicosRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Neuroaxonal damage may contribute to cognitive changes preceding clinical dementia. Accessible biomarkers are critical for detecting such damage. METHODS: Plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) neurofilament light (NFL) were related to neuropsychological performance among Vanderbilt Memory & Aging Project participants (plasma n = 333, 73 ± 7 years; CSF n = 149, 72 ± 6 years) ranging from normal cognition (NC) to mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Models adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, apolipoprotein E ε4 carriership, and Framingham Stroke Risk Profile. RESULTS: Plasma NFL was related to all domains (P values ≤ .008) except processing speed (P values ≥ .09). CSF NFL was related to memory and language (P values ≤ .04). Interactions with cognitive diagnosis revealed widespread plasma associations, particularly in MCI participants, which were further supported in head-to-head comparison models. DISCUSSION: Plasma and CSF NFL (reflecting neuroaxonal injury) relate to cognition among non-demented older adults albeit with small to medium effects. Plasma NFL shows particular promise as an accessible biomarker with relevance to cognition in MCI.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Global longitudinal strain (GLS), reflecting total shortening of the myocardium during the cardiac cycle, has emerged as a more precise myocardial function measure than left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). Longitudinal strain may be selectively affected in subclinical heart disease, even in the presence of normal LVEF. This study examines subclinical cardiac dysfunction, assessed by GLS and LVEF, and cognition among older adults. METHODS AND RESULTS: Vanderbilt Memory and Aging Project participants who were free of clinical dementia, stroke, and heart failure (n=318, 73±7 years, 58% male) completed neuropsychological assessment and cardiac magnetic resonance to quantify GLS and LVEF. Linear regression models related GLS and LVEF to neuropsychological performances, adjusting for age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, Framingham Stroke Risk Profile, cognitive diagnosis, and APOE*ε4 status. Models were repeated with a cardiac×cognitive diagnosis interaction term. Compromised GLS (reflected by higher values) related to worse naming (ß=-0.07, P=0.04), visuospatial immediate recall (ß=-0.83, P=0.03), visuospatial delayed recall (ß=-0.22, P=0.03), and verbal delayed recall (ß=-0.11, P=0.007). LVEF did not relate to worse performance on any measure (P>0.18). No diagnostic interactions were observed. CONCLUSIONS: Our study results are among the first to suggest that compromised GLS relates to worse episodic memory and language performance among older adults who are free of clinical dementia, stroke, and heart failure. Subclinical cardiac dysfunction may correlate with cognitive health in late life, even when LVEF remains normal. The results add to growing evidence that GLS may be a more sensitive and preferred method for quantifying subclinical changes in cardiac function.