User Dynamics and Thematic Exploration in r/Depression During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Insights From Overlapping r/SuicideWatch Users.

BACKGROUND: In 2023, the United States experienced its highest- recorded number of suicides, exceeding 50,000 deaths. In the realm of psychiatric disorders, major depressive disorder stands out as the most common issue, affecting 15% to 17% of the population and carrying a notable suicide risk of approximately 15%. However, not everyone with depression has suicidal thoughts. While "suicidal depression" is not a clinical diagnosis, it may be observed in daily life, emphasizing the need for awareness. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to examine the dynamics, emotional tones, and topics discussed in posts within the r/Depression subreddit, with a specific focus on users who had also engaged in the r/SuicideWatch community. The objective was to use natural language processing techniques and models to better understand the complexities of depression among users with potential suicide ideation, with the goal of improving intervention and prevention strategies for suicide. METHODS: Archived posts were extracted from the r/Depression and r/SuicideWatch Reddit communities in English spanning from 2019 to 2022, resulting in a final data set of over 150,000 posts contributed by approximately 25,000 unique overlapping users. A broad and comprehensive mix of methods was conducted on these posts, including trend and survival analysis, to explore the dynamic of users in the 2 subreddits. The BERT family of models extracted features from data for sentiment and thematic analysis. RESULTS: On August 16, 2020, the post count in r/SuicideWatch surpassed that of r/Depression. The transition from r/Depression to r/SuicideWatch in 2020 was the shortest, lasting only 26 days. Sadness emerged as the most prevalent emotion among overlapping users in the r/Depression community. In addition, physical activity changes, negative self-view, and suicidal thoughts were identified as the most common depression symptoms, all showing strong positive correlations with the emotion tone of disappointment. Furthermore, the topic "struggles with depression and motivation in school and work" (12%) emerged as the most discussed topic aside from suicidal thoughts, categorizing users based on their inclination toward suicide ideation. CONCLUSIONS: Our study underscores the effectiveness of using natural language processing techniques to explore language markers and patterns associated with mental health challenges in online communities like r/Depression and r/SuicideWatch. These insights offer novel perspectives distinct from previous research. In the future, there will be potential for further refinement and optimization of machine classifications using these techniques, which could lead to more effective intervention and prevention strategies.

A classification algorithm to predict chronic pain using both regression and machine learning - A stepwise approach.

This secondary data analysis study aimed to (1) investigate the use of two sense-based parameters (movement and sleep hours) as predictors of chronic pain when controlling for patient demographics and depression, and (2) identify a classification model with accuracy in predicting chronic pain. Data collected by Oregon Health & Science University between March 2018 and December 2019 under the Collaborative Aging Research Using Technology Initiative were analyzed in two stages. Data were collected by sensor technologies and questionnaires from older adults living independently or with a partner in the community. In Stage 1, regression models were employed to determine unique sensor-based behavioral predictors of pain. These sensor-based parameters were used to create a classification model to predict the weekly recalled pain intensity and interference level using a deep neural network model, a machine learning approach, in Stage 2. Daily step count was a unique predictor for both pain intensity (75% Accuracy, F1 = 0.58) and pain interference (82% Accuracy, F1 = 0.59). The developed classification model performed well in this dataset with acceptable accuracy scores. This study demonstrated that machine learning technique can be used to identify the relationship between patients' pain and the risk factors.

Toden-E: Topology-Based and Density-Based Ensembled Clustering for the Development of Super-PAG in Functional Genomics using PAG Network and LLM.

The integrative analysis of gene sets, networks, and pathways is pivotal for deciphering omics data in translational biomedical research. To significantly increase gene coverage and enhance the utility of pathways, annotated gene lists, and gene signatures from diverse sources, we introduced pathways, annotated gene lists, and gene signatures (PAGs) enriched with metadata to represent biological functions. Furthermore, we established PAG-PAG networks by leveraging gene member similarity and gene regulations. However, in practice, high similarity in functional descriptions or gene membership often leads to redundant PAGs, hindering the interpretation from a fuzzy enriched PAG list. In this study, we developed todenE (topology-based and density-based ensemble) clustering, pioneering in integrating topology-based and density-based clustering methods to detect PAG communities leveraging the PAG network and Large Language Models (LLM). In computational genomics annotation, the genes can be grouped/clustered through the gene relationships and gene functions via guilt by association. Similarly, PAGs can be grouped into higher-level clusters, forming concise functional representations called Super-PAGs. TodenE captures PAG-PAG similarity and encapsulates functional information through LLM, in characterizing network-based functional Super-PAGs. In synthetic data, we introduced a metric called the Disparity Index (DI), measuring the connectivity of gene neighbors to gauge clusterability. We compared multiple clustering algorithms to identify the best method for generating performance-driven clusters. In non-simulated data (Gene Ontology), by leveraging transfer learning and LLM, we formed a language-based similarity embedding. TodenE utilizes this embedding together with the topology-based embedding to generate putative Super-PAGs with superior performance in semantic and gene member inclusiveness.