[Treatment of a patient with acute thoracoabdominal aortic dissection complicated by haemothorax]. / Lechenie patsienta s ostroi dissektsiei torakoabdominal'nogo otdela aorty, oslozhnennoi gemotoraksom.

Total left-sided haemothorax is a rare and severe complication of acute DeBakey type III aortic dissection. The primary aim of treatment is immediate arrest of haemorrhage and stabilization of the haemodynamic status of the patient. Endovascular isolation of the ruptured thoracic portion of the aorta using a stent graft (TEVAR) has recently become the 'gold standard' in treatment of acute, rupture-complicated aortic dissections of this localization. Described in the article is a clinical case report concerning successful endovascular treatment of a seriously ill patient with dissection of the thoracoabdominal portion of the aorta, rupture and massive haemorrhage into the left pleural cavity. The patient underwent endoprosthetic repair of the descending aorta in the setting of a hybrid operating room under local anaesthesia, followed by drainage of the left pleural cavity. The postoperative period was uneventful with no complications. The patient was discharged in a satisfactory condition on day 10 after the emergency surgical intervention. An important advantage of TEVAR for aortic ruptures is a minimally invasive nature of the procedure, consisting in no need to perform either sternothoracotomy or to connect a heart-lung machine, thus decreasing surgical wound, reducing the risk of perioperative life-threatening haemorrhage, and contributing to early activation of the patient.

[Hibrid surgical treatment of an aortic arch aneurysm]. / Gibridnoe khirurgicheskoe lechenie anevrizmy dugi aorty.

Presented in the article is a clinical case report regarding hybrid surgical management of a saccular aneurysm of the aortic arch: simultaneous right-left-carotid-left-subclavian bypass grafting and endovascular isolation of the aneurysm. Taking into consideration the findings of multislice computed tomography-aortography (MSCT aortography) prior to surgery, the anatomical location of the aneurysm with the involvement of the ostium of the left subclavian artery, close location of the proximal branches of the aortic arch at an acute angle relative to each other required performing simultaneous debranching in order to enlarge the proximal zone of fixation of a stent graft at the level of the brachiocephalic trunk (BCT). The postoperative period proved uneventful, with as rapid rehabilitation as possible. From our own experience, with this one being not the first similar operation performed in the Centre, it may be supposed that carrying out simultaneous hybrid interventions in treatment of aneurysms of the aortic arch with the use of different variants of switching its branches may decrease the frequency of postoperative complications for patients of high surgical risk, reduce the length of hospital stay and, consequently, economic expenditures for treatment.

[Surgical treatment of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension]. / Khirurgicheskoe lechenie khronicheskoi tromboémbolicheskoi legochnoi gipertenzii.

Analysed herein are the results of pulmonary endarterectomy (PEA) performed in a total of 169 patients presenting with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) at the National Medical Research Centre named after Academician E.N. Meshalkin over the period from 2004 to 2014. Pulmonary endarterectomy was carried out according to the standard technique in the conditions of assisted circulation with the use of hypothermia and circulatory arrest. The duration of follow up of patients after surgical treatment amounted to 10 years. During the in-hospital period (30 postoperative days) and in the remote period after the intervention (averagely amounting to 7.7±2.3 years), the following parameters were evaluated: the clinical status of the patients by means of the SF-36 Quality of Life Questionnaire, the 6-minute walk test, as well as the findings of instrumental methods of study, namely, transthoracic echocardiography, multispiral computed angiography of the pulmonary artery (PA), catheterization of the right portions of the heart, perfusion scintigraphy of the lungs. The obtained results demonstrated that removal of thromboembolic obstruction of the PA was followed by significant improvement of intracardiac haemodynamics, volumetric-and-functional parameters of the right portions of the heart, pulmonary perfusion, accompanied by reverse remodelling of the right heart and lesser circulation (LC), which was manifested by a decrease in the following parameters: systolic and mean blood pressure in the PA, resistance of the LC vessels, total value of perfusion deficiency of the lung, as well as by a decrease in the dimensions of the right chambers of the heart and the diameter of the pulmonary trunk. Normalization of intracardiac haemodynamics resulted in improvement of the clinical and functional state of the patients both in the immediate and remote periods, which was confirmed by elevation of the scores on all scales of the SF-36 Quality of Life Questionnaire, a 2.25-fold increase in the distance walked over a span of 6 minutes, and a decrease in the functional class of chronic heart failure according to the NYHA classification. The obtained findings suggest high efficacy of performing PEA in patients with CTEPH, thus making it possible not only to prolong the lifespan of the patients but to increase their quality of life.