[The short-term effects of air pollution on mortality: the results of the EMECAM project in the city of Pamplona, 1991-95. Estudio Multicéntrico Español sobre la Relación entre la Contaminación Atmosférica y la Mortalidad]. / Efectos a corto plazo de la contaminación atmosférica sobre la mortalidad: resultados del proyecto EMECAM en la ciudad de Pamplona, 1991-95.

BACKGROUND: To assess the short-term impact of air pollution on the daily death rate in the city of Pamplona. METHOD: Ecological study with a population of 212,000 inhabitants. A time series data analysis is conducted by means of multiple linear regression and Poisson regression, with the daily death rate data, air pollution levels for Particles and SO2, weather parameters of average relative humidity and temperature daily and number of cases weekly of flu for the 1991-1995 period. RESULTS: The average number of deaths daily for non-external causes is that of 4.15 deaths, with a range from zero to 13 deaths. The city of Pamplona has a mean annual temperature of 12.7 degrees C (-2.3 degrees C to 31.6 degrees C) and a relative humidity of 68.5%. In the model, the temperature (with a one-day time lag and a six-day time lag temperature squared) and the humidity (with a one-day time lag) is related to the death rate for all causes. But the death rate for non-external causes is only related in the model with the temperature (one-day time lag, P: 0.035) and five-day time lag with temperature squared (p: 0.028). The timely estimates of the relative particle-related risk show that the highest risk of dying stems from respiratory causes with a relative risk of 1.13. However, none of these relationships is statistically significant. In the case of Sulfur Dioxide, the estimates closely near the zero figure, and none of them is significant. CONCLUSIONS: The Temperature has an impact of the death rate for all causes, both external and non-external, and the relative humidity solely has an impact on the death rate for non-external causes. It has not been possible to prove any influence of the daily environmental pollution levels on the daily death rate.

Nucleotide regulatory sites on skeletal myosin.

Myosin Ca2+-ATPase activity decreased in the presence of ADP. Free ATP acted either as an activator or as an inhibitor depending on its concentration. The inhibition caused by ADP or ATP followed a competitive pattern with respect to the substrate. ATP, at activating concentrations, competed with dinitrophenol and with the anions SCN-, CN- and HCO3- for the same binding sites of myosin, whereas ADP did not compete with them. These results suggest that the nucleotide regulatory site or sites, different from the hydrolytic sites, seem to coincide with the anion binding sites.

Regulatory sites of cationic nature on skeletal myosin.

The kinetics of the Ca2+-ATPase of chicken skeletal myosin has been found to be of a biphasic type. DNP and SCN- increased Ca2+-ATPase activity, whereas CN- and HCO3- acted as inhibitors in the concentration range used. Upon raising substrate concentration, activation and inhibition constants for those modifiers responded also with an elevation of their values.