Continuous quality improvement: reducing informed consent form signing errors.

BACKGROUND: Adherence to ethical guidelines and regulations and protecting and respecting the dignity and autonomy of participants by obtaining a valid informed consent form (ICF) prior to participation in research are crucial; The subjects did not add signatures next to the corrections made to signatures or dates on the ICF, Multiple signatures in other fields, ICF missing/missing signature, Incorrect ICF version Signed after modification, Correction tape used to correct signature, Impersonated signature, Non-research-member signature, however, ICFs are often not properly completed, which must be addressed. This study analyzed ICF signing errors and implemented measures to reduce or prevent these errors. METHODS: We used the plan-do-check-act (PDCA) cycle to help improve the correctness and validity of ICF signing. RESULTS: Interim and final reports from January 2016 to February 2020 including 363 ICFs were studied. The total proportion of correct ICF signatures (200, 83.3%) following the PDCA intervention was significantly higher than that before the intervention (P < 0.05). Analysis of the types of signing error demonstrated that signature errors were significantly reduced after the intervention, particularly for subjects did not add signatures next to the corrections made to signatures or dates on the ICF (16, 6.7%) and impersonated signature (0; P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The proportions of other error types-multiple signatures in other fields, missing or unsigned ICF, incorrect signature order, incorrect ICF version, use of correction tape to correct signature, and non-medical profession members signing the ICF-did not differ significantly.

Investigation of Prognostic Features in Primary Cutaneous and Soft Tissue Angiosarcoma After Surgical Resection: A Retrospective Study.

Primary cutaneous and soft tissue angiosarcoma is a rare but highly aggressive malignancy. To date, surgical resection is the mainstay of treatment, but poor prognosis is expected. To investigate whether there are factors associated with poor prognosis after surgical resection and to develop a treatment guideline for current therapy, we retrospectively collected data on 28 patients who underwent surgery as initial treatment and reviewed patient demographics, tumor characteristics, disease courses, and prognoses from September 1996 to May 2013. Of these 28 patients, 17 (60.7%) were men and the mean age at first diagnosis was 66.57 ± 18.57 years. Anatomically, 17 (60.7%) tumors were in the scalp and 11 (39.3%) were in other sites of the body. Of the 28 patients, 23 (82.1%) had achieved negative surgical margins, 24 (85.7%) received adjuvant radiation therapy, and 17 (60.7%) received adjuvant chemotherapy. Twenty-one patients (75%) died during a mean follow-up time of 35.86 ± 28.91 months, and all deaths were caused by angiosarcoma. The 5-year overall survival rate was 17.86%. Sixteen (57.1%) patients had locoregional tumor recurrence, and 20 (71.4%) had distant metastases, with a median of 9.17 (range, 1.9-98.07) months to recurrence or metastasis. Possible predictors of poor prognosis (P < 0.05) in terms of disease-free survival after surgical resection were male sex, cardiovascular disease, smoking, and scalp angiosarcomas, those in terms of overall survival were older than 70 years, male sex, cardiovascular disease, smoking, scalp angiosarcomas, distant metastases, and not receiving adjuvant chemotherapy. In conclusion, although multimodal treatments are used, the overall prognosis after surgical resection is still poor, especially for patients with the above predictive factors. An early diagnosis and complete resection of the primary tumor with or without adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy are suggested for a potential better outcome. For those who have a diffuse lesion pattern with the involvement of vital structures, recurrence, or metastasis, palliative resection could be an alternative treatment choice.

The discrimination of using the short physical performance battery to screen frailty for community-dwelling elderly people.

PURPOSE: This study explored the risk factors, cut-off points, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive values, and negative predictive values of physical performance testing among community-dwelling frail elderly people in Taiwan. ORGANIZING CONSTRUCT: The empirical measurement of frailty is based on the following five indicators: weight loss, weakness, exhaustion, slow responses, and minimal physical activity. The frail phenotype is considered present if three or more of the indicators are observed. Meanwhile, a short battery of physical performance tests was conducted to assess the balance, mobility, and flexibility among elderly people. METHODS: A cross-sectional research design was executed. Participants were evaluated using a short battery of physical performance tests to assess their physical performance. Multivariate logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses were performed. FINDINGS: The logistic regression results showed that the factors significantly correlated to frailty included falls in the previous year, smoking, hypertension, and bone and joint disease. Physical performance test scores were analyzed using the ROC curves to discriminate frailty statuses. The analysis results showed that the areas under the ROC curves for the diagnostic accuracy of right-hand grip, left-hand grip, and the 8-foot up-and-go test reached 0.70, and the optimal cut-off points determined using Youden's index were 17.25 kg, 20.75 kg, and 8.13 s, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The research findings suggest that physical performance variables can be used to effectively screen elderly people at risk for frailty in the community. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The findings offer reference values for physical performance tests specific to community-dwelling frail elderly people. The information can enable health practitioners to achieve early identification of frailty among elderly people with anthropometric characteristics similar to those associated with people in Asian countries.

Gender Equality in Employment among Health Care Undergraduate Students: A Cross-Sectional Survey.

OBJECTIVES: The purposes of this study were to predict the important variables associated with health care undergraduate students' opinion of gender equality (GE) in employment. DESIGN: This study adopted a cross-sectional design with multistage sampling and adhered to STROBE guidelines. SETTING: From one of the universities of health care in northern Taiwan. PARTICIPANTS: We recruited 2855 health care students and the questionnaire response rate was 78.3%. RESULTS: Female students in this study have a better concept of GE in employment. There was a statistically significant negative correlation between the subjects' gendered concept of family and GE in employment. From the results of multiple linear regressions, the important and significant variables were female, sophomore students, students who were in the division of continuing college self-attitude toward gender roles, attitude toward parental expectations of gender roles, those could explain 45.3% of the variation in GE in employment. CONCLUSION: Students exposed to the active cultivation of GE in health education largely benefit future professional development. Establishing a GE concept on campus will help students develop their profession in the future. Encourage the school to offer at least one "gender-related" elective subject per semester, especially in the on-the-job training programs to satisfy the needs of GE education.

Persistently high serum carcinoembryonic antigen levels after surgery indicate poor prognosis in patients with stage I non-small-cell lung cancer.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study is to evaluate the prognostic significance of preoperative and postoperative serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels in patients with stage I non-small-cell lung cancer. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective review of the medical records of 257 patients with stage I lung cancer undergoing surgical resection was performed. The clinical data of each patient was collected for analysis including age, smoking habits, gender, preoperative and postoperative serum CEA levels, tumor diameter, histologic type, visceral pleural invasion, pathologic stage, and type of operation. RESULTS: Adenocarcinoma was more often associated with elevated preoperative CEA level compared with non-adenocarcinoma. Tumor histology, however, did not influence postoperative CEA levels. In the univariate analysis, age, serum CEA level, and pathologic stage were prognostic factors. Patients with normal preoperative serum CEA levels had better 5-y survival than patients with high preoperative serum CEA levels (71.1% versus 54.6%, P = 0.016). The patients with a persistently high serum CEA level after surgery had worst prognosis. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that older age (≥65) and persistently high serum CEA levels were independent significant prognostic factors in patients with stage I lung cancer. CONCLUSIONS: Age (≥65 years) and preoperative and postoperative serum CEA levels are independent prognostic factors in patients with stage I lung cancer. Patients with a persistently high serum CEA level after surgery had worst survival, and may be good candidates for adjuvant chemotherapy.

Predictors of disability in Taiwanese patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

AIM: The purpose of this study was to explore predictors of disability in patients with rheumatoid arthritis in Taiwan. BACKGROUND: Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting mainly the joints. However, little information is currently available on the disability of Asian patients with rheumatoid arthritis. DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey. METHOD: Patients (150) were recruited by convenience sampling from those regularly visiting rheumatologic outpatient clinics at three teaching hospitals and a medical centre in northern Taiwan. Data were collected on demographic and disease-related characteristics, depressive tendency, pain and disability using a basic patient-information form, the Center for Epidemiological Survey Depression Scale, Chinese version of the Brief Pain Inventory-short form and the Chinese version of the Health Assessment Questionnaire, respectively. RESULTS: Our sample had moderate pain severity (Mean = 4.32, SD 1.68) and pain disturbance (Mean = 3.49, SD 2.15). The mean disability score was 0.61 (SD 0.66), representing mild disability. Regression analysis revealed that patients' disability was significantly predicted by disease stage (stage IV, III, or II), depressive tendency, duration of disease and education level (primary school), explaining 79.2% of the total variance in disability. CONCLUSION: The results of this study not only provide clinicians with predictive information of disability from rheumatoid arthritis, but also help them take suitable action on patients' depressive status according to their disability condition. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: The controllable predictor of disability in this study was depressive tendency. Thus, the authors recommend that clinicians regularly screen patients with rheumatoid arthritis for depressive tendency and teach self-care methods to minimise depressive symptoms.

Can simulation-based team resource management training help students to pass entrustable professional activities 13?

Objective: Simulation technology has been integrated into team resource management (TRM) training in many hospitals. We designed a simulation-based TRM training scenario (SBTRM) aiming to help post graduate year (PGY) physicians to fulfil the requirements of the entrustable professional activities 13 (EPA 13). In this study, we investigate and report the SBTRM effectiveness. Methods: A total of 61 physicians received the SBTRM from March to November 2017. The SBTRM covers the core contents of teamwork skills. The trainees were evaluated with qualified clinical instructors after SBTRM training. The evaluation form is a 15-item questionnaire that evaluates the communication, situation monitoring, attitudes and clinical treatment of trainee behaviour. Results: A total of 75% of trainees agreed that the simulation is close to the usual care behaviour and helpful in thinking about changes in the surrounding conditions. More than 80% of trainees can actively communicate the care process; 82% of trainees can provide appropriate clinical treatment for patients. We found that physicians did not pay enough attention to the definition of 'nursing work'. 75% of the overall performance of teamwork and patient safety reached only 'good' level. Conclusions: Current medical education is increasingly using simulation to learn teamwork skills, with the hope that trainees use systematic thinking to carry out the care process. In this study, we designed a SBTRM and evaluation form that meets the requirements of EPA 13 for trainees. This training should improve physicians' safety awareness in the first post-graduate year.

Bacterial colonization of epidural catheters used for short-term postoperative analgesia: microbiological examination and risk factor analysis.

BACKGROUND: The authors conducted this prospective study to determine the incidence, potential routes, and risk factors of microbial colonization of epidural catheter used for postoperative pain control. METHODS: Two-hundred five patients with epidural analgesia for postoperative pain were studied. On removal of the catheter, five samples were sent for culture: the infusate, a swab from inside the hub of the epidural catheter connector, a swab from the skin around the catheter insertion site, the subcutaneous segment, and the tip of the catheter. Clinical data related to the catheter insertion, management, and general patient conditions were collected. RESULTS: The positive culture rates for the subcutaneous and tip segments of the catheter were 10.5% and 12.2%, respectively. The most common organism in the culture was coagulase-negative staphylococcus. There was a strong linear relationship between bacterial colonization in the skin around the catheter insertion site and growth from the subcutaneous and tip segments of catheter (P = 0.000). Catheter-related events at ward, blood transfusion, and positive culture from the skin at the insertion site were risk factors for bacterial colonization of epidural catheters. Inflammation at catheter insertion site, catheter indwelling time, and level of catheter insertion were not predicators for epidural catheter colonization. CONCLUSIONS: The authors' results suggest that bacterial migration along the epidural catheter track is the most common route of epidural catheter colonization. Maintaining sterile skin around the catheter insertion site will reduce colonization of the epidural catheter tip.

Comparison of Charlson comorbidity index and Kaplan-Feinstein index in patients with stage I lung cancer after surgical resection.

OBJECTIVE: We sought to determine whether Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) or Kaplan-Feinstein index (KFI) is a better predictor of prognosis in patients with stage I NSCLC after surgical resection. METHODS: A retrospective study of medical records of 426 patients with stage I lung cancer having complete surgical resection from 1995 to 2000 was performed. Data collected included age, gender, smoking history, resection type, pleural invasion status, and tumor type and size. Comorbidity score was determined using Charlson comorbidity index and Kaplan-Feinstein index. Both univariate and multivariate analyses were used to evaluate prognostic factors. RESULTS: Three hundred and twenty-eight male (76.99%) and 98 female (23.01%) patients had a mean age of 67.07 years (range 19-88 years). Median duration of follow-up was 60.32 months. Total follow-up rate was 95.1%. Distribution of CCI score was: 0, 236 (55.40%); 1, 112 (26.29%); >or=2, 78 (18.31%). Overall KFI score was: none, 247 (57.98%); mild, 126 (29.58%); moderate, 43 (10.09%); and severe, 10 (2.35%). In univariate analyses, patients aged>or=65 years, male, smokers, CCI score>or=2, extensive resection and pathological stage IB cancer had poorer 5-year survival. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, age>or=65 years, pneumonectomy, CCI score>or=2, and stage IB cancer were independent prognostic factors for poorer 5-year survival. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with CCI>or=2 had higher perioperative mortality and death from non-cancer causes after surgery compared to patients with CCI<2. However, KFI score had no impact on operative mortality and non-cancer death during follow-up.

Low conversion rate to multiple sclerosis in idiopathic optic neuritis patients in Taiwan.

PURPOSE: To investigate the clinical characteristics of patients with idiopathic optic neuritis (ON) in Taiwan and to assess the conversion rate to multiple sclerosis (MS) in these patients. METHODS: We studied the medical records of a total of 109 patients with a clinical diagnosis of idiopathic ON treated in the Taipei Veterans General Hospital during the period from January 1986 to May 2003. Clinical characteristics, management, and disease courses were retrospectively reviewed. Our main focus was on the development of multiple sclerosis after an ON attack. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to evaluate the risk indicators for MS conversion. RESULTS: The patients (58 women, 51 men) had a mean age of 41.2 years at onset. ON was retrobulbar in 46.8% of the patients. Management with or without pulse therapy did not affect the final visual outcome. Female sex, retrobulbar type ON, recurrent cases, elevated cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) IgG index, and central nervous system (CNS) imaging abnormalities were identified as risk indicators for the development of MS (P < 0.05). The 2-year cumulative probability of developing MS was 5.92%, and the 5-year cumulative probability was 14.28%. The conversion rate to MS did not differ among treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS: Idiopathic ON patients in Taiwan have an older age at onset and a higher percentage of optic disc edema than reported in previous literature. The characteristic features of ON patients associated with a high risk of developing MS are female sex, retrobulbar type ON, CNS imaging abnormalities, elevated CSF IgG index, and recurrence. Idiopathic ON patients in Taiwan display a significantly lower conversion rate to MS.

Management of primary chest wall tumors: 14 years' clinical experience.

BACKGROUND: Primary chest wall tumor is rare but it encompasses tumors of various origins. We analyzed our experience with primary chest wall tumors with emphasis on its demographic presentation and management. METHODS: From 1991 to 2004, 62 patients with the diagnosis of primary chest wall tumors were enrolled. Lipoma, chest wall metastasis, direct invasion from nearby malignancy, infection, and inflammation of chest wall were excluded. The clinical features, management, and the outcome of these patients were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: There were 37 males and 25 females. Malignant and benign tumors were equally distributed. Chondrosarcoma and lymphoma were the 2 most common types of malignant chest wall tumors. The most common clinical symptoms were palpable mass (54.8%) and pain (40.3%). Nine of 31 patients (29.0%) with benign chest wall tumors were free of symptoms whereas patients with malignant chest wall tumors were all symptomatic (p = 0.002). A definite diagnosis was obtained in 21 of 26 patients (80.7%) who received nonexcision biopsy. All patients with primary chest wall tumors, except 6 who had medical treatment only, underwent surgical resection. Patients with malignant chest wall tumors were older than those with benign tumors (p < 0.001). The mean largest diameter of tumors was also larger in malignant tumors than in benign tumors (p = 0.04). CONCLUSION: Patients with primary malignant chest wall neoplasm were older than those with benign tumors. The mean size of malignant tumors was larger than that of benign tumors. Adequate surgical resection remains the treatment of choice for patients with primary chest wall tumors. Nonexcision biopsy should be reserved for patients with a past history of malignancy, suspicion of hematologic disease, and with high operative risk. For patients with isolated chest wall lymphoma, surgical resection followed by chemotherapy can be considered to obtain a better outcome.

Second hernia repairs in children-a nationwide study.

BACKGROUND: Second inguinal hernia repairs may be needed either owing to contralateral metachronous hernia (MH) or ipsilateral recurrent hernia (RH). In this study, we estimated the incidence rates of MH and RH from a large nationwide database. METHODS: The information was obtained from the National Health Insurance Database (with 23 million insurants). Subjects with hernia repairs were identified, and information such as age, gender, unilateral/bilateral procedures in the first and second hernia repairs were analyzed. RESULTS: Among the 92,308 newborns observed from their births to the end of 6th year, 3881 had first hernia repairs. Among the 3068 subjects with first unilateral repairs, 307 had second repairs, and among the 813 with first bilateral repairs, 15 had second repairs. The incidence of second repairs was 10.85% (13.71% if <1year old) after first unilateral repairs and was 1.23% (0.63% if <1year old) after first bilateral repairs. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of RH (estimated from second hernia repairs after first bilateral repairs) was 1.23%. The incidence of MH (from second repairs after first unilateral repairs) was 9.62%. These incidence rates are consistent with other published reports.

[An assessment of the health of foreign brides in Hsin-Tien County].

The numbers of foreign brides are increasing and they have become a major source of caregivers to families in Taiwan. Because of cultural and linguistic barriers, however, they may not be able to handle either their own health needs or those of the families for which they work effectively. A comprehensive assessment of their own health needs is therefore the first step to solving these problems. The purpose of this paper was to understand the health care needs of foreign brides in Hsin-Tien County, using the model of the community as partner. Data were collected by means of literature review, windshield survey, interviews, and focus group discussion. The results showed that prenatal, postpartum and baby care, and infertility were their primary health care needs. In addition, mental disability in the family, congenital disease, and chronic disease were important issues. In conclusion, community health nurses need to be concerned not only with common needs, but also with the individual health needs of foreign brides in order to provide comprehensive family health care.

A longitudinal cohort study of incidence rates of inguinal hernia repair in 0- to 6-year-old children.

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: This study provides epidemiologic data on the incidence of inguinal hernia repair in preschool children using the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database. We believe that the data on hernia repair in said database provide a close approximation of the true incidence of inguinal hernia in young children. METHOD: A cohort of 1,073,891 deidentified individuals was randomly selected from an insured population of 23 million. Subjects born during the period 1997-2004 were followed from birth to 6 years. The chi-square test and logistic regression modeling were used for statistical analyses. RESULT: A total of 92,308 individuals were born during the study period. Of these individuals, 3881 underwent hernia repairs. The cumulative incidence of hernia repair in children aged 0 to 6 years was 4.20%/7 years. The boy/girl ratio was 4.27:1 and the unilateral/bilateral ratio was 3.77:1. The incidence of hernia repair among boys was highest during the first year of life, but then decreased with age. In contrast, the incidence among girls remained stable during the first 6 years of life. Boys younger than 1 year had more bilateral repairs than boys in other age groups (p<0.0001) and girls had significantly more bilateral repairs than boys (p<0.0001). Subjects with a history of preterm birth also had a higher incidence of hernia repair than subjects who were born at full term (odds ratio=2.34, p<0.0001). CONCLUSION: Yearly incidence of hernia repair was obtained from a nationwide database. Some of the observations have not been reported elsewhere.

Combined enteral feeding and total parenteral nutritional support improves outcome in surgical intensive care unit patients.

BACKGROUND: For intensive care unit (ICU) patients with gastrointestinal dysfunction and in need of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) support, the benefit of additional enteral feeding is not clear. This study aimed to investigate whether combined TPN with enteral feeding is associated with better outcomes in surgical intensive care unit (SICU) patients. METHODS: Clinical data of 88 patients in SICU were retrospectively collected. Variables used for analysis included route and percentage of nutritional support, total caloric intake, age, gender, body weight, body mass index, admission diagnosis, surgical procedure, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II score, comorbidities, length of hospital stay, postoperative complications, blood glucose values and hospital mortality. RESULTS: Wound dehiscence and central catheter infection were observed more frequently in the group of patients receiving TPN calories less than 90% of total calorie intake (p = 0.004 and 0.043, respectively). APACHE II scores were higher in nonsurvivors than in survivors (p = 0.001). More nonsurvivors received TPN calories exceeding 90% of total calorie intake and were in need of dialysis during ICU admission (p = 0.005 and 0.013, respectively). Multivariate analysis revealed that the percentage of TPN calories over total calories and APACHE II scores were independent predictors of ICU mortality in patients receiving supplementary TPN after surgery. CONCLUSION: In SICU patients receiving TPN, patients who could be fed enterally more than 10% of total calories had better clinical outcomes than patients receiving less than 10% of total calorie intake from enteral feeding. Enteral feeding should be given whenever possible in severely ill patients.

Perception of quality of life of a cohort population years after relocation from previous low-dose radiation exposure in Co-60 contaminated buildings in Taiwan.

PURPOSE: To evaluate measures of health-related quality of life in a cohort study in Taiwan to assess late health effects of protracted low-dose-rate γ-radiation exposure during 1982 to the mid-1990s. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In 2004, 1,407 cohort subjects were evaluated by a self-measured World Health Organisation-Brief quality of life Questionnaires (WHOQOL-BREF Taiwan version) during an annual medical check-up in a hospital. Results of their health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in physical, psychological, social relationship and environmental domains were compared with an unexposed reference population in the same city. RESULTS: The exposed population was shown to have significantly lower quality of life (QOL) scores in physical, psychological and social relationship domains, but not in the environmental domain compared to the unexposed population. These findings were observed in all age groups with the greatest decrease found among those younger than 25 years old. Female subjects were shown to have larger decrease than male subjects. CONCLUSIONS: More than 10 years after being informed of radiation exposure, the exposed populations were observed to have significantly lower perception of HRQoL even though no biomedical effects were apparent. It is recommended that appropriate intervention be carried out in the follow-up of post-event rehabilitation for the radiation exposed.

Accuracy of helical computed tomography in the detection of pulmonary colorectal metastases.

OBJECTIVE: This study assessed the sensitivity of helical computed tomography in the detection of pulmonary metastases in patients with colorectal cancer and the role of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery in patients with pulmonary metastases. METHODS: A total of 120 operations for pulmonary metastases were performed in 91 patients with colorectal cancer. All patients received an open thoracotomy that allowed full operative inspection and palpation. Clinical data, including the size and number of pulmonary metastasis, were retrospectively collected. The difference in the number of pulmonary metastases as determined by computed tomography scan and surgical findings was determined and analyzed. RESULTS: Operative findings were consistent with the preoperative computed tomography scan reports in 64 of the 120 operations (53.3%). In 32 operations (26.7%), additional metastatic tumors were identified at open thoracotomy. The sensitivity of helical computed tomography in the detection of colorectal cancer metastatic lesions ranged from 35.5% to 95.5%. Unilateral solitary lesion demonstrated on computed tomography scan was an independent factor for the prediction of additional metastatic lesions (P = .023). CONCLUSIONS: The sensitivity of helical computed tomography scan in the detection of pulmonary metastases can reach 95.5% in patients with colorectal cancer with a solitary metastatic lesion. A unilateral solitary lesion demonstrated on preoperative computed tomography scan is an independent factor for prediction of additional metastatic lesions. If feasible, video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery may be justified in patients with colorectal cancer with solitary pulmonary metastases.

Preoperative serum carcinoembryonic antigen level is a prognostic factor in women with early non-small-cell lung cancer.

BACKGROUND: Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is one of the markers evaluated in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The significance of the preoperative serum CEA level in female patients with NSCLC is seldom discussed. In this study, we conducted a retrospective review to investigate the prognostic significance of the preoperative CEA level in female patients with stage I NSCLC. METHODS: In this study, we looked at 163 female patients with stage I NSCLC. Patient charts were reviewed to collect patient data, including the age of the patient, tumor location, tumor size, visceral pleural invasion, the stage of disease, and the preoperative serum CEA level. The cutoff value of serum CEA level was 6.0 ng/mL. The significance of preoperative CEA level in the prognosis of female patients with stage I NSCLC was evaluated. RESULTS: Among the 163 female patients with stage I NSCLC, 47 patients (28.8%) had abnormal preoperative serum CEA level (>6 ng/mL). Diagnosis of adenocarcinoma and bronchoalveolar carcinoma accounted for 83.4% of these 163 female patients. In-hospital mortality was encountered in 1 patient. Univariate analysis of survival in the other 162 female patients with stage I NSCLC showed that age, stage, tumor size, and preoperative CEA level were prognostic factors. Visceral pleural invasion had no impact on the prognosis of these patients. Multivariate analysis revealed that tumor size and preoperative CEA level were independent prognostic factors in female patients with stage I NSCLC. CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative serum CEA level and tumor size are independent prognostic factors in female patients with stage I NSCLC. In contrast, visceral pleural invasion was not associated with the prognosis. Importantly, these results suggest that female patients with abnormally high preoperative CEA level and tumor size larger than 3 cm may need a thorough preoperative evaluation and careful postoperative follow-up to rule out occult metastasis of early NSCLC.

Characterization of a multiple epigenetic marker panel for lung cancer detection and risk assessment in plasma.

BACKGROUND: Methylation patterns may be useful biomarkers of cancer detection and risk assessment. METHODS: The methylation status of 6 genes, including a candidate tumor suppressor gene (BLU), the cadherin 13 gene (CDH13), the fragile histidine triad gene (FHIT), the cell cycle control gene p16, the retinoic acid receptor beta gene (RARbeta), and the Ras association domain family 1 gene (RASSF1A), was examined in plasma samples, corresponding tumor tissues, and normal lung tissues from a group of 63 patients with lung cancer and in plasma samples from 36 cancer-free individuals. The detection rate of the p16 gene was validated in a test group of 20 patients with lung cancer. RESULTS: The concordance of methylation in tumor tissues and plasma samples was 86%, 87%, 80%, 75%, 76%, and 84% for the BLU, CDH13, FHIT, p16, RARbeta, and RASSF1A genes, respectively. The test group showed a similar concordance for p16 methylation detection. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the odds ratio for having lung cancer was 10.204 for individuals with p16 methylation (P = .013) and 9.952 for individuals with RASSFIA methylation (P = .019). After several trial tests, the authors established that methylation for >/=2 of the 6 markers met the criterion for an elevated risk of cancer. Comparisons yielded a sensitivity of 73%, a specificity of 82%, and a concordance of 75% between the methylation patterns in tumor tissues and in corresponding plasma samples. The detection rate was relatively high in cigarette smokers with advanced squamous cell lung cancer. CONCLUSIONS: The current results indicated that multiple epigenetic markers in the plasma, especially the p16 and RASSF1A genes, can be used for lung cancer detection. This methylation marker panel should improve the detection of cancer or the risk assessment for lung cancer in combination with conventional diagnostic tools.

Thymoma is associated with relapse of symptoms after transsternal thymectomy for myasthenia gravis.

Thymectomy is considered a therapeutic option for patients with myasthenia gravis. A myasthenic patient who has not received any treatment for years and shows no signs or symptoms of the disease after operation is still susceptible to a recurrence of myasthenic symptoms. To investigate which factors are related to relapse of symptoms in patients having thymectomy, we conduct a retrospective review in the patients who had experienced complete remission after thymectomy. Complete remission was achieved in 92 of 154 patients who received extended transsternal thymectomy for myasthenia gravis. Among these 92 patients, 20 patients had relapse of symptoms and needed medication again after complete remission was achieved (21.7%). Ten of 22 patients in the thymomatous group had relapse of symptom after complete remission was achieved, while only 10 of 70 patients in the nonthymomatous group had relapse of symptom (P=0.006). Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that thymoma was an independent factor for the development of relapse of symptoms. In conclusion, thymoma is an adverse prognostic factor for the MG patients who have experienced complete remission after thymectomy. The patients with thymoma had a greater possibility to develop relapse of symptoms than the patients without thymoma.