Granulicatella seriolae sp. nov., a Novel Facultative Anaerobe Isolated from Yellowtail Marine Fish.

A bacterial strain, designated as S8T, was isolated from the gut contents of Seriola quinqueradiata from the coastal sea area of Jeju Island, South Korea. The strain is a Gram-staining positive, non-motile, non-spore-forming, facultative anaerobic coccus. Optimal growth was observed at 30 °C, pH 8.0-9.0, and 0-0.5% w/v NaCl, under anaerobic conditions. The predominant fatty acids were C18:1 ω9c, C16:0, C18:0, and C16:1 ω9c, while quinone was not detected. The genome was 2,224,566 bp long, with a GC content of 38.2%. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain S8T had 96.2% similarity with Granulicatella adiacens ATCC 49175T, its closest known species according to nomenclature. The DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH), average nucleotide identity, and average amino acid identity values between strain S8T and G. adiacens ATCC 49175T were 25.7%, 85.5%, and 77.2%, respectively, all of which fall below the recommended threshold for species differentiation. Based on genomic, phenotypic, and phylogenetic evidence, we propose that strain S8T should be a novel species within the genus Granulicatella, for with the name Granulicatella seriolae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is S8T (KCTC 43438T = JCM 35604T).

Ferrimonas pelagia sp. nov., isolated from seawater.

A Gram-stain-negative bacterium, designated strain CBA4601(T), was isolated from a seawater sample obtained off the coast of Jeju Island, Korea. The organism grew in the presence of 0-4% (w/v) NaCl and at 20-35 °C and pH 7.0-9.0, with optimal growth in 2% NaCl, and at 25 °C and pH 8.0. Phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain CBA4601(T) was related to the genus Ferrimonas within the class Gammaproteobacteria. 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between strain CBA4601(T) and Ferrimonas marina A4D-4(T), the most closely related species, was 96.9%. The G+C content of the genomic DNA from strain CBA4601(T) was 54.2 mol%, and the isoprenoid quinones menaquinone 7 (MK-7), ubiquinone 7 (Q-7) and ubiquinone 8 (Q-8) were detected. The major fatty acids were C(17:1)ω8c, C(18:1)ω9c and C(16:0), and the major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and an unidentified ninhydrin-positive phospholipid. On the basis of this taxonomic study using a polyphasic approach, strain CBA4601(T) represents a novel species of the genus Ferrimonas, for which the name Ferrimonas pelagia sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CBA4601(T) ( =KACC 16695(T) =KCTC 32029(T) =JCM 18401(T)).

Gillisia marina sp. nov., from seashore sand, and emended description of the genus Gillisia.

A Gram-staining-negative, strictly aerobic, rod-shaped bacterium, designated CBA3202(T), was isolated from seashore sand on Jeju Island, Republic of Korea. Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain CBA3202(T) was allocated to the genus Gillisia (family Flavobacteriaceae) and was most closely related to the type strain of Gillisia mitskevichiae (99.0 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). Optimal growth occurred at 25 °C and with 3 % NaCl. The only isoprenoid quinone was menaquinone-6 (MK-6), the predominant fatty acids were C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 1 G, iso-C16 : 0 and summed feature 3 (comprising C16 : 1ω6c and/or C16 : 1ω7c), and the DNA G+C content was 34.9 mol%. The polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, two unidentified aminolipids and several unidentified polar lipids. Based on phylogenetic inference and phenotypic data, we conclude that strain CBA3202(T) represents a novel species of the genus Gillisia, for which the name Gillisia marina sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CBA3202(T) ( = KACC 16693(T) = KCTC 32030(T) = JCM 18402(T)). An emended description of the genus Gillisia is also provided.

Draft Genome Sequence of Granulicatella sp. Strain S8, Isolated from a Marine Fish, Seriola quinqueradiata.

In this study, Granulicatella sp. strain S8 was isolated from the gut of a marine fish, Seriola quinqueradiata, and the draft genome was sequenced. Various genes responsible for pathogenesis, metabolite biosynthesis, defense, and lactic acid production were predicted. The genome sequence of this facultative anaerobe provides insights into its distinctive features.

Kinetic, genomic, and physiological analysis reveals diversity in the ecological adaptation and metabolic potential of Brachybacterium equifaecis sp. nov. isolated from horse feces.

Brachybacterium species have been identified in various ecological niches and belong to the family Dermabacteriaceae within the phylum Actinobacteria. In this study, we isolated a novel Brachybacterium equifaecis JHP9 strain from horse feces and compared its kinetic, biochemical, and genomic features with those of other Brachybacterium strains. Moreover, comparative genomic analysis using publicly available Brachybacterium genomes was performed to determine the properties involved in their ecological adaptation and metabolic potential. Novel species delineation was determined phylogenetically through 16S rRNA gene similarity (up to 97.9%), average nucleotide identity (79.5-82.5%), average amino acid identity (66.7-75.8%), and in silico DNA-DNA hybridization (23.7-27.9) using closely related strains. This study also presents the first report of the kinetic properties of Brachybacterium species. Most of the Brachybacterium strains displayed high oxygen (K m(app) =1.6-24.2 µM) and glucose (K m(app) =0.73-1.22 µM) affinities, which may manifest niche adaptations. Various carbohydrate metabolisms under aerobic and anaerobic conditions, antibiotic resistance, mobile genetic elements, carbohydrate-active enzymes, lactic acid production, and the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-Cas and bacteriophage exclusion systems were observed in the genotypic and/or phenotypic properties of Brachybacterium species, suggesting their genome flexibility, defense mechanisms, and adaptability. Our study contributes to the knowledge of the kinetic, physiological, and genomic properties of Brachybacterium species, including the novel JHP9 strain, which advocates for their tolerant and thriving nature in various environments, leading to their ecological adaptation. IMPORTANCE Basic physiological and genomic properties of most of the Brachybacterium isolates have been studied; however, the ability of this bacterium to adapt to diverse environments, which may demonstrate its role in niche differentiation, is to be identified yet. Therefore, here, we explored cellular kinetics, metabolic diversity, and ecological adaptation/defensive properties of the novel Brachybacterium strain through physiological and comparative genomic analysis. In addition, we presented the first report examining Brachybacterium kinetics, indicating that all strains of Brachybacterium, including the novel one, have high oxygen and glucose affinity. Furthermore, the comparative genomic analysis also revealed that the novel bacterium contains versatile genomic properties, which provide the novel bacterium with significant competitive advantages. Thus, in-depth genotypic and phenotypic analysis with kinetic properties at the species level of this genus is beneficial in clarifying its differential characteristics, conferring the ability to inhabit diverse ecological niches.

Draft genome sequence of Gillisia sp. strain CBA3202, a novel member of the genus Gillisia, which belongs to the family Flavobacteriaceae.

Gillisia sp. strain CBA3202, which belongs to the family Flavobacteriaceae, was isolated from sand of the seashore on Jeju Island, Republic of Korea. The draft genome of Gillisia sp. CBA3202 contains 2,981,404 bp with a G+C content of 34.9%. This is the second genome sequence of the Gillisia strains.

Draft genome sequence of Pedobacter agri PB92T, which belongs to the family Sphingobacteriaceae.

Strain PB92(T) of Pedobacter agri, which belongs to the family Sphingobacteriaceae, was isolated from soil in the Republic of Korea. The draft genome of strain PB92(T) contains 5,141,552 bp, with a G+C content of 38.0%. This is the third genome sequencing project of the type strains among the Pedobacter species.

Characterisation of inorganic elements and volatile organic compounds in the dried sea cucumber Stichopus japonicus.

The sea cucumber Stichopus japonicus lives in a variety of marine habitats and is an important cultivated edible aquatic species in East Asia. In this study, S. japonicus, collected from the sea near Jeju Island of Korea, was lyophilised or vacuum-dried and then analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) or inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The GC-MS profiles of vacuum-dried and lyophilised samples differed. Based on direct injection and static headspace analysis, 37 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were identified in vacuum-dried samples and 33 VOCs were identified in lyophilised samples. Therefore, the odour of vacuum-dried sea cucumber is thought to be due to the presence of various VOCs that are absent in lyophilised sea cucumber. According to ICP-MS analysis, the levels of 15 inorganic elements were slightly higher in lyophilised samples than in vacuum-dried samples. The results of the inorganic and organic chemical analyses provide information about the composition of dried sea cucumber.

Haladaptatus cibarius sp. nov., an extremely halophilic archaeon from seafood, and emended description of the genus Haladaptatus.

A novel, extremely halophilic archaeon, D43(T), was isolated from traditional salt-fermented seafood in Korea. The cells were Gram-negative-staining and motile. The strain grew at 15-50 degrees C, 10-30 % (w/v) NaCl and pH 6.0-8.0. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain D43(T) is affiliated with the family Halobacteriaceae in the domain Archaea and had 95.5 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Haladaptatus paucihalophilus DX253(T). The sequence from strain D43(T) formed a clade with those from Hap. paucihalophilus regardless of which tree-generating algorithm was used. DNA-DNA hybridization experiments showed 25.8 % relatedness between the isolate and Hap. paucihalophilus KCTC 4006(T). Major lipids were phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol phosphate methyl ester and two unidentified glycolipids. The DNA G+C content of the isolate was 56.5 mol%. On the basis of this polyphasic taxonomic study, strain D43(T) represents a novel species in the genus Haladaptatus, for which the name Haladaptatus cibarius sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is D43(T) (=DSM 19505(T) =JCM 15962(T)).