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1.
Soft Matter ; 20(2): 315-329, 2024 Jan 03.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38073498

RESUMO

We present a microstructure-topology-based approach for designing macroscopic, heterogeneous soft materials that exhibit outstanding mechanical resilience and energy dissipation. We investigate a variety of geometric configurations of resilient yet dissipative heterogeneous elasto-plastomeric materials that possess long-range order whose microstructural features are inspired by crystalline metals and block copolymers. We combine experiments and numerical simulations on 3D-printed prototypes to study the extreme mechanics of these heterogeneous soft materials under cyclic deformation conditions up to an extreme strain of >200% with strain rates ranging from quasi-static (5.0 × 10-3 s-1) to high levels of >6.0 × 101 s-1. Moreover, we investigate the complexity of elastic and inelastic "unloading" mechanisms crucial for the understanding of shape recovery and energy dissipation in extreme loading situations. Furthermore, we propose a simple but physically intuitive approach for designing microstructures that exhibit a nearly isotropic behavior in both elasticity and inelasticity across different crystallographic orientations from small to large strains. Overall, our study sets a significant step toward the development of sustainable, heterogeneous soft material architectures at macroscopic scales that can withstand harsh mechanical environments.

2.
Int J Mol Sci ; 25(11)2024 Jun 03.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38892352

RESUMO

Blackberries (Rubus fruticosus), which are known to include a variety of bioactive substances, have been extensively studied for their antioxidant properties. Blackberries possess multiple health beneficial effects, including anti-inflammation, anti-atherosclerosis, anti-tumor and immunomodulatory activity. However, the potential biological effects and precise molecular mechanisms of the fermented extracts remain largely unexplored. In this research, we demonstrate the effect of blackberries fermented with Lactobacillus for addressing obesity. We investigated the effect of blackberries fermented by Lactobacillus on mice fed a high-fat (60% kcal) diet for 12 weeks. Fermented blackberry administration reduced the body weight and epididymal fat caused by a high-fat diet compared to the obese group. The triglyceride and total cholesterol, which are blood lipid indicators, and the levels of leptin, which is an insulin resistance indicator, were significantly increased in the obese group but were significantly decreased in the fermented blackberries-treated group. Additionally, the expression of adipogenesis marker proteins, such as CEBPα, PPAR-γ and SREBP-1, was significantly increased in the obese group, whereas it was decreased in the fermented blackberries-treated group. These results suggest that fermented blackberries have a protective effect against high-fat-diet-induced obesity by inhibiting adipogenesis and are a potential candidate for the treatment of obesity.


Assuntos
Adipogenia , Fármacos Antiobesidade , Dieta Hiperlipídica , Fermentação , Lactobacillus plantarum , Obesidade , PPAR gama , Rubus , Transdução de Sinais , Animais , Adipogenia/efeitos dos fármacos , Rubus/química , Camundongos , Obesidade/metabolismo , Fármacos Antiobesidade/farmacologia , Masculino , Dieta Hiperlipídica/efeitos adversos , PPAR gama/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacos , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/química , Proteína de Ligação a Elemento Regulador de Esterol 1/metabolismo , Proteína de Ligação a Elemento Regulador de Esterol 1/genética , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Leptina/metabolismo , Leptina/sangue , Proteínas Estimuladoras de Ligação a CCAAT/metabolismo , Proteínas Estimuladoras de Ligação a CCAAT/genética , Triglicerídeos/sangue , Triglicerídeos/metabolismo , Peso Corporal/efeitos dos fármacos
3.
Int J Mol Sci ; 24(4)2023 Feb 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36835092

RESUMO

Bitter taste receptors (TAS2Rs) are G protein-coupled receptors localized in the taste buds of the tongue. They may also be present in non-lingual organs, including the brain, lung, kidney, and gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Recent studies on bitter taste receptor functions have suggested TAS2Rs as potential therapeutic targets. The human bitter taste receptor subtype hTAS2R50 responds to its agonist isosinensetin (ISS). Here, we demonstrated that, unlike other TAS2R agonists, isosinensetin activated hTAS2R50 as well as increased Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) secretion through the Gßγ-mediated pathway in NCI-H716 cells. To confirm this mechanism, we showed that ISS increased intracellular Ca2+ and was suppressed by the IP3R inhibitor 2-APB as well as the PLC inhibitor U73122, suggesting that TAS2Rs alters the physiological state of enteroendocrine L cells in a PLC-dependent manner. Furthermore, we demonstrated that ISS upregulated proglucagon mRNA and stimulated GLP-1 secretion. ISS-mediated GLP-1 secretion was suppressed in response to small interfering RNA-mediated silencing of Gα-gust and hTAS2R50 as well as 2-APB and U73122. Our findings improved the understanding of how ISS modulates GLP-1 secretion and indicates the possibility of using ISS as a therapeutic agent in the treatment of diabetes mellitus.


Assuntos
Peptídeo 1 Semelhante ao Glucagon , Receptores Acoplados a Proteínas G , Transdução de Sinais , Humanos , Células Enteroendócrinas/metabolismo , Trato Gastrointestinal/metabolismo , Peptídeo 1 Semelhante ao Glucagon/efeitos dos fármacos , Peptídeo 1 Semelhante ao Glucagon/metabolismo , Receptores Acoplados a Proteínas G/metabolismo
4.
Int J Mol Sci ; 24(14)2023 Jul 19.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37511425

RESUMO

Cervi cornu extracts have been used in traditional medicine for the treatment of various disorders, including osteoporosis. However, since it is not easy to separate the active ingredients, limited research has been conducted on their functional properties. In this study, we extracted the low-molecular-weight (843 Da) collagen NP-2007 from cervi cornu by enzyme hydrolyzation to enhance absorption and evaluated the therapeutic effect in monosodium iodoacetate-induced rat osteoarthritis (OA) model. NP-2007 was orally administered at 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg for 21 days. We showed that the production of matrix metalloproteinase-2, -3, and -9, decreased after NP-2007 treatment. The levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1ß, IL-6, and prostaglandin E2 were also reduced after treatment of NP-2007. Furthermore, the administration of NP-2007 resulted in effective preservation of both the synovial membrane and knee cartilage and significantly decreased the transformation of fibrous tissue. We verified that the treatment of NP-2007 significantly reduced the production of nitric oxide and pro-inflammatory cytokines including TNF-α, IL-1ß, and IL-6 in lipopolysaccharides-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells by regulation of the NF-kB and MAPK signaling pathways. This study indicates that NP-2007 can alleviate symptoms of osteoarthritis and can be applied as a novel treatment for OA treatment.


Assuntos
Cornus , Osteoartrite , Ratos , Animais , Metaloproteinase 2 da Matriz , Interleucina-6/farmacologia , Osteoartrite/metabolismo , NF-kappa B/metabolismo , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/farmacologia , Colágeno/farmacologia , Condrócitos/metabolismo
5.
Sensors (Basel) ; 21(23)2021 Dec 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34884133

RESUMO

In this study, we propose a long short-term memory (LSTM)-based user identification method using accelerometer data from smart shoes. In general, for the user identification with human walking data, we require a pre-processing stage in order to divide human walking data into individual steps. Next, user identification can be made with divided step data. In these approaches, when there exist partial data that cannot complete a single step, it is difficult to apply those data to the classification. Considering these facts, in this study, we present a stack LSTM-based user identification method for smart-shoes data. Rather than using a complicated analysis method, we designed an LSTM network for user identification with accelerometer data of smart shoes. In order to learn partial data, the LSTM network was trained using walking data with random sizes and random locations. Then, the identification can be made without any additional analysis such as step division. In the experiments, user walking data with 10 m were used. The experimental results show that the average recognition rate was about 93.41%, 97.19%, and 98.26% by using walking data of 2.6, 3.9, and 5.2 s, respectively. With the experimental results, we show that the proposed method can classify users effectively.


Assuntos
Sapatos , Caminhada , Acelerometria , Humanos
6.
Int J Mol Sci ; 22(19)2021 Sep 27.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34638751

RESUMO

Obesity is a risk factor for metabolic diseases including type 2 diabetes, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), heart diseases, and cancer. This study aimed to investigate the anti-obesity effect of Polygalin C (PC) isolated from Polygala japonica Houtt. in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Based on Oil Red O assay results, PC significantly decreased lipid accumulation compared to the control. We found that PC suppressed adipogenesis transcription factors including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR γ) and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) α, and lipogenic factors such as sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c (SREBP 1c) and fatty acid synthase (FAS), in 3T3-L1 adipocytes using Western blotting and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Moreover, PC inhibited the differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells by regulating the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and mitogen-activated protein kinase/protein kinase B (MAPK/Akt) signaling pathways. Additionally, we confirmed that PC inhibited early adipogenesis factors C/EBP ß and C/EBP δ. Therefore, PC inhibited adipogenesis and lipogenesis in vitro. Thus, PC appears to exert potential therapeutic effects on obesity by suppressing lipid metabolism.


Assuntos
Adipogenia/efeitos dos fármacos , Flavonóis/farmacologia , Lipogênese/efeitos dos fármacos , Sistema de Sinalização das MAP Quinases/efeitos dos fármacos , Obesidade , Polygala/química , Células 3T3-L1 , Animais , Ácido Graxo Sintase Tipo I/biossíntese , Flavonóis/química , Flavonóis/isolamento & purificação , Camundongos , Obesidade/tratamento farmacológico , Obesidade/metabolismo , Obesidade/patologia , PPAR gama/metabolismo , Proteína de Ligação a Elemento Regulador de Esterol 1/metabolismo
7.
Biochem Biophys Res Commun ; 522(1): 40-46, 2020 01 29.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31735336

RESUMO

Atopic dermatitis (AD) can occur in both children and adults, and the symptoms include itching and eczema, which in turn cause patients to suffer. Ophiopogonin D (OP-D) is a steroidal glycoside from Radix Ophiopogon japonicus, which is well known as an effective anti-inflammatory herbal medicine in many Asian countries. In this study, we aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of OP-D, using an AD mouse model and inflamed HaCaT cells. Through a histopathological analysis, we were able to confirm the suppressive effects of OP-D on skin thickening and the mast cell activation in AD-like mouse back skin tissues stimulated by DNCB. In addition, we detected significant decreases in cytokine expression levels through multiplex assessment assays of the OP-D-treated mice blood. We observed the anti-inflammatory effect of OP-D in the spleen, causing weight loss in the spleen and in the mRNA expression levels related to diverse cytokines. In human keratinocytes inflamed by TNF-α, OP-D inhibited p38 and ERK protein activation and showed a reduction of NF-κB nuclear translocation. Furthermore, OP-D attenuated pro-inflammatory cytokine mRNA expressions in TNF-α-inflamed HaCaT cells. Accordingly, we came to the conclusion that OP-D is a potential natural drug which can be used in order to treat inflammatory skin diseases, such as AD.


Assuntos
Dermatite Atópica/tratamento farmacológico , Queratinócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Saponinas/farmacologia , Espirostanos/farmacologia , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/farmacologia , Transporte Ativo do Núcleo Celular , Animais , Linhagem Celular , Citocinas/metabolismo , Dermatite Atópica/induzido quimicamente , Dinitroclorobenzeno/farmacologia , Feminino , Humanos , Inflamação , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Pele/efeitos dos fármacos , Baço/efeitos dos fármacos
8.
Molecules ; 25(10)2020 May 14.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32422890

RESUMO

As a plant medicine, Oxalidaceae has been used to treat various diseases in Korea. However, there is little data on the anti-cancer efficacy of Oxalidaceae, particularly O. obtriangulata. This study aimed to investigate the anti-cancer effect of O. obtriangulata methanol extract (OOE) and its regulatory actions on pancreatic carcinoma. OOE showed anti-proliferative effects and induced cell death in the colony formation and cell viability assays, respectively. The Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) data confirmed that OOE significantly induced cell cycle accumulation at the G2/M phase and apoptotic effects. Additionally, OOE inhibited the activated ERK (extracellular-signal-regulated kinase)/Src (Proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Src)/STAT3 (signal transducers and activators of transcription 3) pathways including nuclear translocation of STAT3. Furthermore, suppression of Ki67, PARP(Poly ADP-ribose polymerase), caspase-3, P27(Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B), and c-Myc as well as the STAT3 target genes CDK(cyclin-dependent kinase)1, CDK2, Cyclin B1, VEGF-1(vascular endothelial growth factor-1), MMP-9(Matrix metallopeptidase 9), and Survivin by OOE was observed in BxPC3. We speculate that these molecular actions might support an anti-cancer effect of OOE. In this study, we demonstrated that OOE may be a promising anti-cancer material and may serve as a natural therapy and alternative remedy for pancreatic cancer treatment.


Assuntos
Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/farmacologia , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Ciclo Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Magnoliopsida/química , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/química , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/isolamento & purificação , Ciclo Celular/genética , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Ciclina B1/genética , Ciclina B1/metabolismo , Humanos , Metaloproteinase 9 da Matriz/genética , Metaloproteinase 9 da Matriz/metabolismo , Proteína Quinase 1 Ativada por Mitógeno/genética , Proteína Quinase 1 Ativada por Mitógeno/metabolismo , Proteína Quinase 3 Ativada por Mitógeno/genética , Proteína Quinase 3 Ativada por Mitógeno/metabolismo , Pâncreas/metabolismo , Pâncreas/patologia , Extratos Vegetais/química , Plantas Medicinais , Proto-Oncogene Mas , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas pp60(c-src)/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas pp60(c-src)/metabolismo , Fator de Transcrição STAT3/genética , Fator de Transcrição STAT3/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais , Fator A de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular/genética , Fator A de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular/metabolismo
9.
PLoS One ; 19(7): e0306764, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38995875

RESUMO

As the world steadily recovers from the COVID-19 pandemic, managing large gatherings becomes a critical concern for ensuring crowd safety. The crowd-crush disaster in Seoul in 2022 highlights the need for effective predictive crowd management techniques. In this study, an empirical analysis of this incident is conducted using data from various sources, and model-based simulations are created to replicate hazardous crowd conditions in high-risk areas. In the empirical analysis, mobile device data indicates a significant increase in population above normal levels in the disaster area just hours before the incident occurred. In the simulations, a hydrodynamic model is employed to simulate a bidirectional collision, which quantitatively demonstrates that the average density during the crush reached 7.57 ped/m2 (with a maximum of (9.95)ped/m2). Additionally, the average crowd pressure peaked at 1,063 N/m (with a maximum of 1,961 N/m), and the maximum velocity entropy was 10.99. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that the primary causes of the disaster were the substantial population, bidirectional collision, and escalating panic. The results of controlled simulations under various management strategies are then presented. By implementing effective crowd management techniques, crowd safety can be enhanced through quantitative comparisons of these key indicators.


Assuntos
COVID-19 , Aglomeração , Humanos , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Seul , Desastres , SARS-CoV-2/isolamento & purificação , Pandemias , Eventos de Massa , Modelos Teóricos , Simulação por Computador
10.
ACS Appl Mater Interfaces ; 16(26): 34419-34427, 2024 Jul 03.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38886188

RESUMO

Although laminate structures are widely used in electrostatic capacitors, unavoidable heterogeneous interfaces often deteriorate the dielectric properties by impeding film crystallization. In this study, a TiO2/ZrO2/TiO2 (TZT) laminate structure, where upper-TiO2 deposited on the heterogeneous interface was crystallized by plasma-assisted atomic layer annealing (ALA), was investigated. ALA effectively induced the phase transition of the upper-TiO2 from the amorphous or anatase phase to the rutile phase, leading to an increase in the dielectric constant, whereas the ZrO2 blocking interlayer maintained the amorphous phase owing to the extremely localized effect of ALA. Consequently, through the layer-by-layer phase control of ALA, the dielectric constant of the upper-TiO2 was enhanced by 25% by applying ALA, leading to an increase in a capacitance density of 27% of the TZT capacitor, whereas a low leakage current density of ∼10-8 A/cm2 was maintained (at 1 V). In addition, the TZT capacitor on three-dimensional structures (aspect ratio of 5:1) shows a high capacitance density of up to 461 nF/mm2 owing to ALA.

11.
Biology (Basel) ; 13(7)2024 Jul 09.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39056704

RESUMO

The aim of this study was to investigate the metabolic changes associated with the anti-obesity effects of fermented blackberry extracts in the liver tissues of high-fat-diet-fed mice using mass spectrometry-based metabolomics analysis. C57BL/6J mice were divided into eight groups: normal-diet-fed mice, high-fat-diet-fed mice, high-fat diet treated with blackberry extract, high-fat-diet mice treated with blackberry fermented by L. plantarum, and high-fat diet with blackberry fermented by L. brevis. After 12 weeks, the high-fat-diet group exhibited a greater increase in liver weight compared to the control group, and among the groups, the group administered with blackberry fermented with L. plantarum showed the most pronounced reduction in liver weight. As the primary organ responsible for amino acid metabolism, the liver is crucial for maintaining amino acid homeostasis. In our study, we observed that the levels of several essential amino acids, including isoleucine and valine, were decreased by the high-fat diet, and were recovered by administration of blackberry extract fermented with L. plantarum. Our results demonstrated the potential of blackberry extract fermented with L. plantarum as a functional material for metabolic disorders by restoring some of the amino acid metabolism disturbances induced by a high-fat diet.

12.
Nutrients ; 16(6)2024 Mar 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38542720

RESUMO

The purpose of this work was to examine the effects of potassium poly-γ-glutamate (PGA-K) on mice fed a high-fat diet consisting of 60% of total calories for 12 weeks. PGA-K administration reduced the increase in body weight, epididymal fat, and liver weight caused by a high-fat diet compared to the obese group. The triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, which are blood lipid indicators, were significantly increased in the obese group but were significantly decreased in the PGA-K-treated group. The administration of PGA-K resulted in a significant inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin 6. Moreover, the levels of leptin and insulin, which are insulin resistance indicators, significantly increased in the obese group but were significantly decreased in the PGA-K-treated group. These results suggest that PGA-K exhibits a protective effect against obesity induced by a high-fat diet, underscoring its potential as a candidate for obesity treatment.


Assuntos
Bacillus subtilis , Dieta Hiperlipídica , Isoflavonas , Proteínas de Soja , Camundongos , Animais , Dieta Hiperlipídica/efeitos adversos , Camundongos Obesos , Obesidade/tratamento farmacológico , Obesidade/etiologia , Colesterol , Glutamatos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL
13.
Water Res ; 246: 120710, 2023 Nov 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37857009

RESUMO

Several preprocessing procedures are required for the classification of microplastics (MPs) in aquatic systems using spectroscopic analysis. Procedures such as oxidation, which are employed to remove natural organic matter (NOM) from MPs, can be time- and cost-intensive. Furthermore, the identification process is prone to errors due to the subjective judgment of the operators. Therefore, in this study, deep learning (DL) was applied to improve the classification accuracies for mixtures of microplastic and natural organic matter (MP-NOM). A convolutional neural network (CNN)-based DL model with a spatial attention mechanism was adopted to classify substances from their Raman spectra. Subsequently, the classification results were compared with those obtained using conventional Raman spectral library software to evaluate the applicability of the model. Additionally, the crucial spectral band for training the DL model was investigated by applying gradient-weighted class activation mapping (Grad-CAM) as a post-processing technique. The model achieved an accuracy of 99.54%, which is much higher than the 31.44% achieved by the Raman spectral library. The Grad-CAM approach confirmed that the DL model can effectively identify MPs based on their visually prominent peaks in the Raman spectra. Furthermore, by tracking distinctive spectra without relying solely on visually prominent peaks, we can accurately classify MPs with less prominent peaks, which are characterized by a high standard deviation of intensity. These findings demonstrate the potential for automated and objective classification of MPs without the need for NOM preprocessing, indicating a promising direction for future research in microplastic classification.


Assuntos
Aprendizado Profundo , Microplásticos , Plásticos , Redes Neurais de Computação , Software
14.
Nutrients ; 15(13)2023 Jul 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37447355

RESUMO

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect that Glycine max hydrolyzed with enzymes from Bacillus velezensis KMU01 has on dextran-sulfate-sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice. Hydrolysis improves functional health through the bioconversion of raw materials and increase in intestinal absorption rate and antioxidants. Therefore, G. max was hydrolyzed in this study using a food-derived microorganism, and its anti-inflammatory effect was observed. Enzymatically hydrolyzed G. max (EHG) was orally administered once daily for four weeks before DSS treatment. Colitis was induced in mice through the consumption of 5% (w/v) DSS in drinking water for eight days. The results showed that EHG treatment significantly alleviated DSS-induced body weight loss and decreased the disease activity index and colon length. In addition, EHG markedly reduced tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1ß, and IL-6 production, and increased that of IL-10. EHG improved DSS-induced histological changes and intestinal epithelial barrier integrity in mice. Moreover, we found that the abundance of 15 microorganisms changed significantly; that of Proteobacteria and Escherichia coli, which are upregulated in patients with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, decreased after EHG treatment. These results suggest that EHG has a protective effect against DSS-induced colitis and is a potential candidate for colitis treatment.


Assuntos
Colite Ulcerativa , Colite , Camundongos , Animais , Glycine max , Dextranos/efeitos adversos , Colite/induzido quimicamente , Colite/tratamento farmacológico , Colite/patologia , Colite Ulcerativa/induzido quimicamente , Colite Ulcerativa/tratamento farmacológico , Colite Ulcerativa/patologia , Colo , Anti-Inflamatórios/uso terapêutico , Sulfatos , Sódio/efeitos adversos , Sulfato de Dextrana/efeitos adversos , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL
15.
Vaccines (Basel) ; 10(12)2022 Dec 16.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36560577

RESUMO

Early successes in controlling the COVID-19 pandemic have prevented Republic of Korea from implementing a prompt, large-scale vaccine rollout to the public. The influence of traditional media on public opinion remains critical and substantial in Republic of Korea, and there have been heated debates about vaccination in traditional media reports in Korea. Effective and efficient public health communication is integral in managing public health challenges. This study explored media reports on the COVID-19 vaccines during the pandemic in Republic of Korea. 12,399 media news reports from May 2020 to September 2021 were collected. An LDA topic model was applied in order to analyze and compare the topics drawn from each study phase using words from the unstructured text data. Although media reports from before the national vaccination implementation focused on the development and rollout of COVID-19 vaccines, diverse topics were reported without any overlap. After the vaccination rollout, the biggest concern was the side effects of the COVID-19 vaccine. In sum, Republic of Korea's major media outlets reported on diverse topics rather than generating a common discourse about topics related to COVID-19 vaccination.

16.
Carbohydr Polym ; 282: 119053, 2022 Apr 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35123733

RESUMO

Inspired by nature, we fabricated optically tuned bio-organic films of cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) and chitosan by precisely structuring layer-by-layer (LBL) assembly techniques. Directly extracted from tunicate, highly crystalline CNFs were deposited into gradual nanoporous structures, which dictates wave-like behaviors of optical transmittance and cyclic patterns of structural coloration. The optical transmittance of a glass substrate increased from 91% to 98.2% at a wavelength of 550 nm by reflectivity attenuation controls. The monochromic structural colors were discretely varied from orange to purple, seen only at a specific angle of the incident light, demonstrating visibly hidden security potential. Furthermore, we could modulate the coloration cycles by accelerating the LBL processes with polydopamine-coated CNFs. The 3D nanoporous structures of CNFs also provide synergies, including superhydophilic surface-driven antifogging properties. Our optically versatile biofilms made by all-natural CNFs and chitosan provide various potential applications, including solar cells, securities, and eco-friendly colors.

17.
J Mater Chem B ; 10(42): 8575-8595, 2022 11 03.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36214325

RESUMO

Biodegradable polymers have been widely used in tissue engineering with the potential to be replaced by regenerative tissue. While conventional bionic interfaces are designed to be implanted in living tissue and organs permanently, biocompatible and biodegradable electronic materials are now progressing a paradigm shift towards transient and regenerative bionic engineering. For example, biodegradable bioelectronics can monitor physiologies in a body, transiently rehabilitate disease symptoms, and seamlessly form regenerative interfaces from synthetic electronic devices to tissues by reducing inflammatory foreign-body responses. Conventional electronic materials have not readily been considered biodegradable. However, several strategies have been adopted for designing electroactive and biodegradable materials systems: (1) conductive materials blended with biodegradable components, (2) molecularly engineered conjugated polymers with biodegradable moieties, (3) naturally derived conjugated biopolymers, and (4) aqueously dissolvable metals with encapsulating layers. In this review, we endeavor to present the technical bridges from electrically active and biodegradable material systems to edible and biodegradable electronics as well as transient bioelectronics with pre-clinical bio-instrumental applications, including biodegradable sensors, neural and tissue engineering, and intelligent drug delivery systems.


Assuntos
Materiais Biocompatíveis , Engenharia Tecidual , Polímeros , Eletrônica , Condutividade Elétrica
18.
Front Pharmacol ; 13: 925502, 2022.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35837279

RESUMO

Exposure to water-soluble particulate matter (WPM) containing heavy metals can cause severe inflammatory responses and trigger and exacerbate the onset of asthma. As a follow-up study of Rosa laevigata (RL), this study analyzed the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of oral and intratracheal administration of RL and demonstrated anti-inflammatory effects in asthma models. Worse T-helper cell type 2 (Th2)-related inflammatory and pro-inflammatory responses were observed after simultaneous challenge with ovalbumin (OVA) and WPM. To establish a model of asthma exacerbated by WPM, BALB/c mice were sensitized with OVA + aluminum hydroxide and challenged with OVA + WPM. To confirm the therapeutic efficacy of RL, it was administered both orally and intratracheally. Histopathological analysis of H&E staining confirmed that oral and intratracheal administration of RL alleviated inflammatory cell infiltration in the airways aggravated by OVA + WPM. RL effectively reduced the number of inflammatory cells obtained from the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. In addition, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and multiplex analysis of serum samples confirmed that the administration of RL reduced the levels of immuno-globulin E (IgE), Th2-related cytokines, and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, real-time PCR analysis of lung tissue samples confirmed that the release of MUC5AC (Mucin 5AC, Oligomeric Mucus/Gel-Forming) and pro-inflammatory cytokines was reduced by RL, and western blotting confirmed that the administration of RL reduced the phosphorylation of ERK and p38 in the MAPK pathway. In conclusion, oral and intratracheal administration of RL appears to have an anti-asthmatic effect by reducing the secretion of Th2-related cytokines, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and IgE by downregulating the MAPK pathway. Thus, RL has further demonstrated potential for development as an oral and inhaled therapeutic for asthma symptoms exacerbated by WPM exposure.

19.
Healthcare (Basel) ; 9(2)2021 Jan 28.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33525656

RESUMO

Dementia is one of the most common health problems affecting older adults, and the population with dementia is growing. Dementia refers to a comprehensive syndrome rather than a specific disease and is characterized by the loss of cognitive abilities. Many factors are related to dementia, such as aging, genetic profile, systemic vascular disease, unhealthy diet, and physical inactivity. As the causes and types of dementia are diverse, personalized healthcare is required. In this review, we first summarize various diagnostic approaches associated with dementia. Particularly, clinical diagnosis methods, biomarkers, neuroimaging, and digital biomarkers based on advances in data science and wearable devices are comprehensively reviewed. We then discuss three effective approaches to treating dementia, including engineering design, exercise, and diet. In the engineering design section, recent advances in monitoring and drug delivery systems for dementia are introduced. Additionally, we describe the effects of exercise on the treatment of dementia, especially focusing on the effects of aerobic and resistance training on cognitive function, and the effects of diets such as the Mediterranean diet and ketogenic diet on dementia.

20.
Pharmaceutics ; 13(7)2021 Jul 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34371720

RESUMO

Acute pneumonia is an inflammatory disease caused by several pathogens, with symptoms such as fever and chest pain, to which children are particularly vulnerable. Gancaonin N is a prenylated isoflavone of Glycyrrhiza uralensis that has been used in the treatment of various diseases in oriental medicine. There are little data on the anti-inflammatory efficacy of Gancaonin N, and its effects and mechanisms on acute pneumonia are unknown. Therefore, this study was conducted as a preliminary analysis of the anti-inflammatory effect of Gancaonin N in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 cells, and to identify its preventive effect on the lung inflammatory response and the molecular mechanisms underlying it. In this study, Gancaonin N inhibited the production of NO and PGE2 in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells and significantly reduced the expression of iNOS and COX-2 proteins at non-cytotoxic concentrations. In addition, in LPS-induced A549 cells, Gancaonin N significantly reduced the expression of COX-2 and pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, IL-1ß, and IL-6. Moreover, Gancaonin N reduced MAPK signaling pathway phosphorylation and NF-κB nuclear translocation. Therefore, Gancaonin N relieved the inflammatory response by inactivating the MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways; thus, it is a potential natural anti-inflammatory agent that can be used in the treatment of acute pneumonia.

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