Altered functional coupling between the cerebellum and cerebrum in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment.

Cognitive processing relies on the functional coupling between the cerebrum and cerebellum. However, it remains unclear how the 2 collaborate in amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) patients. With functional magnetic resonance imaging techniques, we compared cerebrocerebellar functional connectivity during the resting state (rsFC) between the aMCI and healthy control (HC) groups. Additionally, we distinguished coupling between functionally corresponding and noncorresponding areas across the cerebrum and cerebellum. The results demonstrated decreased rsFC between both functionally corresponding and noncorresponding areas, suggesting distributed deficits of cerebrocerebellar connections in aMCI patients. Increased rsFC was also observed, which were between functionally noncorresponding areas. Moreover, the increased rsFC was positively correlated with attentional scores in the aMCI group, and this effect was absent in the HC group, supporting that there exists a compensatory mechanism in patients. The current study contributes to illustrating how the cerebellum adjusts its coupling with the cerebrum in individuals with cognitive impairment.

Effects of freezing treatments on the quality of frozen cooked noodles.

Freezing process is one of the key steps in making frozen cooked noodles. Ice crystal formed in freezing process affects the quality of frozen cooked noodles. In this paper, we studied the effect of freezing treatment on frozen cooked noodles. Frozen cooked noodles were evaluated for microstructure and texture properties explored with a scanning electron microscope and texture analyzer at - 20 °C, - 30 °C and - 40 °C respectively. The results indicated that the microstructure and texture properties of frozen cooked noodles were significantly (P < 0.05) improved by a lower freezing temperature than a higher temperature. This present study also showed that the freezing rate is not the only parameter responsible for microstructure and texture properties that occur during freezing; the difference of flours also can be a factor. These findings, if generally applicable to frozen cooked noodle products, could have important economic implications for the convenience of the food industry.

Highly Sensitive and Selective Fluorescent Probe for Detection of Fe3+ Based on Rhodamine Fluorophore.

A simple rhodamine-based fluorescent probe L1, which exhibits good response to Fe3+ in CH3CN/Tris-HCl buffer (v:v = 9:1, pH 7.00) solution. With the experimental conditions optimized, the probe L1 could be used as a fluorescent and colorimetric probe for Fe3+ with the detection limit as low as 0.29 µM. The binding constant (Ka) of Fe3+ binding to the probe L1 were calculated to be 1.4 × 1010 M-2, respectively from a Benesi-Hildebrand plot. With the addition of Fe3+, the CH3CN/Tris-HCl buffer (v:v = 9:1, pH 7.00) solution of the probe L1 exhibited a obviously color change from transparent to pink with distinctive changes. More importantly, the recognition process of the probe L1 for Fe3+ was chemically reversible on the addition AcO-. Graphical Abstract.

The Effect of Freeze-Thaw Cycles on the Microscopic Properties of Dumpling Wrappers.

Dumplings are a traditional Chinese food welcomed by Chinese people. Research has indicated that process of quick-frozen wheat cultivars and their gliadins are all related to the quality and shelf-life of dumplings. Therefore, the effect of freeze-thaw cycles on the textural properties and microscopic characteristics of two types of quick-frozen dumpling wrappers (Zhaomai and Wenmai 19) and conformation of their gliadins were investigated. Scanning electron microscopy showed that Wenmai 19 dumpling wrappers had apparent damage after the first cycle, but Zhaomai wrappers did not reveal significant changes until the fourth cycle. The particle size distribution in the starch granules of Wenmai 19 wrappers varied in terms of mechanical damage, but Zhaomai delayed or avoided such effects. FT-IR found a loose protein structure of the gliadins. Differential scanning calorimetry showed that gliadins of Wenmai 19 degenerated more than those of Zhaomai. The crosslinking of gliadin and glutenin maintained a high-quality gluten network, thus protecting the gliadin stability from ice crystals. In turn, the gliadin maintained the strength of the gluten network. Therefore, raw flours with high-quality protein networks are more suitable for frozen dumplings. Freeze-thaw cycles dramatically decreased the textural characteristics of dumpling wrappers and the microscopic characteristics of their gliadin proteins. Concerning wheat cultivars with weak gluten, flours with high-quality protein networks are more suitable as raw materials for frozen dumplings.

[Analysis of correlation between fecal and alveolar lavage fluid flora of ventilator-associated pneumonia patients based on 16S rRNA sequencing technology].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the changes and correlation of intestinal and pulmonary microecological structures in patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). METHODS: A prospective observational study was conducted. Thirty-one patients with VAP admitted to the department of critical care medicine of General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University from May 1st 2019 to May 1st 2020 were enrolled. Feces and alveolar lavage fluid samples from patients with the same day, feces and alveolar lavage specimen flora composition and the structure of biological information analysis by 16S rRNA sequencing technologies, the comprehensive sequencing results, and clinical data of patients were analyzed. RESULTS: (1) The diversity (abundance and diversity) of flora in the alveolar lavage fluid of VAP patients was higher than that of fecal flora. Among them, Ace index, Chao index and Shannon index describing the abundance of flora showed statistically significant differences [Ace index: 305.89 (214.39, 458.66) vs. 204.51 (165.15, 247.61), Chao index: 259.83 (194.20, 459.31) vs. 187.67 (153.28, 234.01), Shannon index: 3.01 (2.39, 3.54) vs. 2.55 (1.86, 2.95), all P < 0.05], but there was no significant difference in Simpson index describing diversity [0.14 (0.08, 0.27) vs. 0.19 (0.10, 0.33), P > 0.05]. (2) In the sequencing results of feces and alveolar lavage fluid of VAP patients, there were some intestinal related bacteria groups with high abundance, such as Escherichia-Shigella, Faecalibacterium, Bacteroides, and Lachnospira, etc. (3) In 31 VAP patients, suspicious pathogenic bacteria was found in 20 cases (6 cases of Streptococcus viridans, 5 cases of Escherichia coli, 3 cases of Klebsiella pneumoniae, 3 cases of Acinetobacter baumannii, 2 cases of Staphylococcus aureus, 1 case of Pseudomonas aeruginosa), and the same suspected pathogens also existed in the 17 patients' alveolar lavage and waste sequencing. (4) Fourteen VAP patients combined with sepsis, 14 patients without sepsis were selected for sample size matching. The results showed that, Jaccard similarity index to describe lung-correlation of intestinal flora in VAP with sepsis group was significantly elevated, and the difference was statistically significant (0.24±0.08 vs. 0.19±0.06, P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: There is a certain correlation between pulmonary and intestinal flora in VAP patients. In addition to the exclusion of pulmonary infection caused by environmental and upper respiratory micro-inhalation, the lower digestive tract may also be source of infection.

[Analysis of intestinal patients' flora changes with severe pneumonia based on 16SrDNA sequencing technology].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the characteristics of gut microbiota dysbosis in patients with severe pneumonia using 16SrDNA sequencing. METHODS: A prospective observational research was conducted. The stool samples retained by natural defecation or enema within 2 days after hospital were collected from 16 patients with severe pneumonia admitted to department of intensive care unit (ICU) of General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University from June to December in 2018 and 10 persons for physical exam were enrolled as the healthy control group. The 16SrDNA sequencing technology was used to detect fecal flora and analyze biological information. RESULTS: (1) 1 015 475 effective sequences were obtained from the stool samples from the severe pneumonia group and the healthy control group. Using 16SrDNA method, it was found that the average effective length of the sample sequence was 458.35 bp and the average sequence number of the total samples was 39 056.73. (2) Analysis of α diversity of gut microbiota showed that, compared with the healthy control group, the Ace index, Chao index and the Shannon index of gut microbiota diversity in the severe pneumonia group were significantly decreased [Ace index: 167.23 (143.14, 211.26) vs. 227.71 (214.53, 247.05), Chao index: 152.38 (138.09, 182.54) vs. 228.25 (215.49, 248.95), Shannon index: 2.37 (1.68, 2.89) vs. 3.39 (3.03, 3.63), all P < 0.01], and the Simpson index was significantly increased [0.21 (0.11, 0.33) vs. 0.07 (0.06, 0.12), P < 0.01], which indicated the gut microbiota diversity of the severe pneumonia group was decreased. (3) Analysis of ß diversity of gut microbiota, principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) showed that gut microbiota structural with the healthy control group was similar, while that in the severe pneumonia group was different. Adonis analysis showed that the structural of the gut microflora revealing significant differences between the severe pneumonia group and the healthy control group (R2 = 0.061, P = 0.05). (4) Analysis of phylum difference gut microflora showed that, compared with the healthy control group, the proportion of Firmicutes in severe pneumonia group was decreased [27.36 (18.12, 39.28)% vs. 52.25 (38.36, 63.82)%, P = 0.02], the proportions of Actinobacterias, Synergistetes and Fusobacterias were increased [2.30 (0.30, 4.80)% vs. 0.02 (0.00, 0.06)%, 0.36 (< 0.01, 0.57)% vs. < 0.01 (< 0.01, < 0.01)%, 0.01 (< 0.01, 0.08)% vs. < 0.01 (< 0.01, < 0.01)%, all P < 0.05]. (5) Analysis of genus difference gut microflora showed that, the proportions of Bifidobacterium, Ruminococcus, Pseudobutyrivibrio, Coprococcus, Lachnospira and Prevotella in the severe pneumonia group were significantly lower than those in healthy control group [0.18 (0.01, 0.25)% vs. 3.40 (0.46, 5.78)%, 0.01 (< 0.01, 0.29)% vs. 2.26 (0.84, 4.86)%, 0.01 (< 0.01, 0.02)% vs. 2.73 (1.87, 5.74)%, 0.02 (< 0.01, 0.07)% vs. 0.80 (0.50, 2.32)%, < 0.01 (< 0.01, < 0.01)% vs. 0.88 (0.33, 2.08)%, 0.02 (< 0.01, 0.31)% vs. 7.74 (0.07, 36.27)%, all P < 0.05]; the proportions of Escherichia and Enterococcus in the severe pneumonia group were higher than those in healthy control group, but there was no difference between the two groups [2.00 (0.57, 10.23)% vs. 1.16 (0.23, 2.68)%, 0.02 (< 0.01, 0.42)% vs. < 0.01 (< 0.01, 0.04)%, both P > 0.05]; the proportions of Fusobacterium and Staphylococcus in severe pneumonia group were significantly higher than those in healthy control group [0.01 (< 0.01, 0.08)% vs. < 0.01 (< 0.01, < 0.01)%, 0.01 (< 0.01, 0.02)% vs. < 0.01 (< 0.01, < 0.01)%, both P < 0.05]. CONCLUSIONS: Gut microbiota dysbiosis in patients with severe pneumonia shows that the abundance and diversity decrease, structure of intestinal flora changes, and beneficial symbiotic bacteria decrease and pathogenic bacteria increase, which may be associated with the occurrence and development of severe pneumonia.

Effects of physical training on speed and strength in long-distance runners / Efeitos do treinamento físico sobre a velocidade e a força de corredores de longa distância / Efectos del entrenamiento físico en la velocidad y la fuerza de los corredores de fondo

ABSTRACT Introduction Long-distance running is characterized by high speed and long-term endurance. It belongs to the group of long-duration high-speed sports dominated by long-term continuous muscular activity. Objective Explore the effect of physical training in long-distance running on improving speed and strength in athletes. Methods A total of 40 student-athletes at a university in a particular city were selected as research subjects. The experimental grouping was performed by lottery, with 20 in the control group and 20 in the experimental group. Results After the independent sample t-test, the results exhibited P=0.023, less than 0.05, showing that long-distance running physical training is very effective in improving speed and strength; the baseline performance of the experimental group was slightly lower than that of the control group, after training, the mean score of the students in the experimental group elevated compared with the control group. Conclusion Long-distance running physical training can significantly improve speed and strength. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMO Introdução A corrida de longa distância é caracterizada por um alto grau de combinação de velocidade e resistência a longo prazo. Ela pertence ao grupo de esportes de alta velocidade de longa duração, dominado pela atividade muscular contínua de longo prazo. Objetivo Explorar o efeito do treinamento físico em corrida de longa distância sobre a melhoria da velocidade e da força em seus atletas. Métodos Um total de 40 estudantes de atletismo em uma universidade de uma determinada cidade foram selecionados como objetos de pesquisa, e o agrupamento experimental foi realizado por sorteio, com 20 no grupo de controle e 20 no grupo experimental. Resultados Após o teste t de amostra independente, os resultados exibiram P=0,023, menos de 0,05, mostrando que o treinamento físico de corrida de longa distância é muito eficaz para melhorar a velocidade e a força; o desempenho basal do grupo experimental foi ligeiramente inferior ao do grupo controle, após o treinamento, a pontuação média dos alunos do grupo experimental elevou-se em relação ao grupo controle. Conclusão O treinamento físico de corrida de longa distância pode melhorar significativamente a velocidade e a força. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción Las carreras de larga distancia se caracterizan por un alto grado de combinación de velocidad y resistencia a largo plazo. Pertenece al grupo de deportes de alta velocidad de larga duración en los que predomina la actividad muscular continua de larga duración. Objetivo Explorar el efecto del entrenamiento físico en carreras de fondo sobre la mejora de la velocidad y la fuerza en sus atletas. Métodos Se seleccionó como objeto de investigación a un total de 40 estudiantes de atletismo de una universidad de una ciudad determinada, y el agrupamiento experimental se realizó por sorteo, con 20 en el grupo de control y 20 en el grupo experimental. Resultados Tras la prueba t de muestras independientes, los resultados arrojaron un P=0,023, inferior a 0,05, lo que demuestra que el entrenamiento físico de carrera de larga distancia es muy eficaz para mejorar la velocidad y la fuerza; el rendimiento de partida del grupo experimental fue ligeramente inferior al del grupo de control; tras el entrenamiento, la puntuación media de los alumnos del grupo experimental se elevó en comparación con la del grupo de control. Conclusión El entrenamiento físico de carreras de larga distancia puede mejorar significativamente la velocidad y la fuerza. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

The stability of athletes' psychological quality in major basketball games / A estabilidade da qualidade psicológica dos atletas em grandes jogos de basquetebol / La estabilidad de la calidad psicológica de los deportistas en los grandes partidos de baloncesto

ABSTRACT Introduction Athletes go through psychological wear during competition phases and we should pay attention to the training of athletes' physical quality, in addition to the exercise of the athlete's psychological quality. Objective This study aims to analyze the relationship between the psychological quality of basketball players and their performance in the game. Methods Basketball players volunteer for the experiment with the "Sixteen Personality Factors Test" scale compiled by American psychologist R.B Cartel to conduct a survey questionnaire. The mathematical statistics method to analyze the data of the research results. Results There were significant differences among the athletes in the broad internal attention and attention pictures (P<0.05). The tenacity, self-control, decision and self-confidence of the analyzed basketball players are at the medium-high level. Conclusion There is a positive correlation between basketball players' psychological quality and their athletic performance. Basketball players need to develop self-control and overcome psychological barriers during the game. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMO Introdução Os atletas passam por desgastes psicológicos durante as fases de competição e devemos atentar-nos ao treinamento da qualidade física dos atletas, além do exercício da qualidade psicológica do atleta. Objetivo Este estudo tem como objetivo analisar a relação entre a qualidade psicológica dos jogadores de basquetebol e o desempenho no jogo. Métodos Jogadores de basquetebol se voluntariam para o experimento com a escala de "Teste dos Dezesseis Fatores de Personalidade" compilada pelo psicólogo americano R.B Cartel para realizar um questionário de pesquisa. O método de estatística matemática para analisar os dados dos resultados da pesquisa. Resultados Houve diferenças significativas entre os atletas quanto a atenção interna ampla e as imagens de atenção (P<0,05). A tenacidade, autocontrole, decisão e autoconfiança dos jogadores de basquetebol analisados encontram-se no nível médio-alto. Conclusão Há uma correlação positiva entre a qualidade psicológica dos jogadores de basquetebol e o seu desempenho atlético. Os jogadores de basquetebol precisam desenvolver autocontrole e superar barreiras psicológicas durante o jogo. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción Los atletas pasan por un desgaste psicológico durante las fases de competición y debemos prestar atención al entrenamiento de la calidad física de los atletas, además del ejercicio de la calidad psicológica del atleta. Objetivo Este estudio pretende analizar la relación entre la calidad psicológica de los jugadores de baloncesto y el rendimiento en el juego. Métodos Los jugadores de baloncesto se ofrecen como voluntarios para el experimento con la escala "Sixteen Personality Factors Test" compilada por el psicólogo estadounidense R.B Cartel para realizar un cuestionario de investigación. El método estadístico matemático para analizar los datos de los resultados de la investigación. Resultados Hubo diferencias significativas entre los atletas en cuanto a la atención amplia interna y los cuadros de atención (P<0,05). La tenacidad, el autocontrol, la decisión y la autoconfianza de los jugadores de baloncesto analizados están en el nivel medio-alto. Conclusión Existe una correlación positiva entre la calidad psicológica de los jugadores de baloncesto y su rendimiento deportivo. Los jugadores de baloncesto necesitan desarrollar el autocontrol y superar las barreras psicológicas durante el juego. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.