[Childhood obesity. Recommendations of the Nutrition Committee of the Spanish Association of Pediatrics. Part I. Prevention. Early detection. Role of the pediatrician]. / Obesidad Infantil. Recomendaciones del Comité de Nutrición de la Asociación Española de Pediatría. Parte I. Prevención. Detección precoz. Papel del pediatra.

Obesity is a pathologic entity characterized by an increase in fat body mass and is a global public health problem. In Spain, between 1984 (the Paidos study) and 2000 (the enKid study), the prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity increased and significant differences were found among the autonomous communities. Consequently prophylactic measures were implemented throughout the country and in 2005 the Ministry of Health developed the NAOS strategy (strategy for nutrition, physical activity and obesity prevention). Within the medical area of this intervention, primary care pediatricians acquire a key role. Aware of this, the Spanish Association of Pediatrics, through the Nutrition Committee, aims to provide information on the current situation concerning the etiopathogenesis and early identification of at-risk populations. The epidemiology and risk periods in the pediatric age group are reviewed and recommendations on healthy lifestyle are provided, bearing in mind diet and physical activity throughout childhood, with the aim of preventing overweight and obesity.

[Obesity, an emerging problem in pediatrics. Inaugural Conference of the Eight National Congress of the Nutrition Spanish Society, Murcia, October 24-27, 2001]. / La obesidad, un problema emergente en pediatría. Conferencia inaugural del VIII Congreso Nacional de la Sociedad Española de Nutrición, Murcia, 24-27 de octubre de 2001.

Obesity in children and adolescents is a public health problem on the increase and is the most prevalent metabolic and nutritional disorder in developed countries. As a major non-transmissible disease, obesity has taken on epidemic proportions in developed countries and displaced malnutrition and infections as a major cause of deterioration in health and quality of life. Obesity has thus become one of the great health issues of the 21st century. The WHO recently declared obesity to be a new worldwide syndrome as it not only has a high prevalence in developed countries but also in the so-called emerging economies, the "newly westernized" or "Coca-Colanized" countries as in the case of China, Brazil and Eastern European states where obesity exists alongside malnutrition, as well as in under-developed countries where the prevalence is increasing among the better-off segments of the population.

[Scrotal trauma in childhood]. / Traumatismos escrotales en la infancia.

Scrotal trauma has increase in frequency during recent years, largely as the result of sporting activities, physical aggressions and road accidents. Its importance lies in the likelihood of associated lesions of the testis and the spermatic cord. We report 41 cases of scrotal trauma. Thirty-seven cases were non-penetrating and four were penetrating (including a case of traumatic rupture of the testis). Nonsurgical treatment was applied in 30 cases (73.1%) and surgical treatment in 11 (26.8%). The diagnostic techniques employed included ultrasonography in 19 cases, gammagraphy in 10 cases, Doppler-effect ultrasonography in 2 cases and CAT in 2 cases. The decision to operate should be based on the clinical findings. Follow-up studies over 8-60 months were satisfactory in all cases, with no cases of testicular atrophy detected.