Case report of enterobacter hormaechei in sheep with respiratory disease and death.

BACKGROUND: Enterobacter hormaechei is typically a opportunistic pathogenic bacterium in humans, and no pathological change of of Enterobacter hormaechei in diseased sheep has previously been documented. CASE PRESENTATION: Three free-range, four-month-old female sheep were ill with respiratory disease and died three days after receiving treatment with ceftiofur sodium. A frozen lung sample of one sheep was studied using bacterium isolation, and lung samples of the other two sheep were collected and analyzed by histopathological examination and bacterium isolation. The 16S rRNA gene sequences and biochemical characteristics of the isolates were analyzed. All results showed the isolated strain to be Enterobacter hormaechei. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA sequence showed three representative strains were most closely related to the strains isolated from calf. Antimicrobial sensitivity tests indicated that no sensitivity to the ß-lactam antimicrobials involved in treatment of sheep respiratory disease in China. Detection of the genes responsible for ß-lactam resistance showed that all three isolates from sheep harbor blaSHV and blaKPC. Interstitial pneumonia, bronchial epithelial cells shedding, and massive mucous secretion were observed in the lung histopathological sections. Immunohistochemical staining showed that specific staining was mainly limited to the alveoli and alveolar septum. CONCLUSIONS: This appears to be the first report of pathological changes in lungs of sheep with respiratory disease and death associated with Enterobacter hormaechei.

Molecular detection of haemophilic pathogens reveals evidence of Candidatus Mycoplasma haemobos in dogs and parasitic ticks in central China.

BACKGROUND: In addition to Mycoplasma haemocanis and Candidatus Mycoplasma haematoparvum, a few hemoplasma species that mainly infect other livestock have been detected in dogs. 'Candidatus Mycoplasma haemobos' (Ca. M. haemobos) has been found in a variety of animals in China. The present study was aimed to investigate the occurrence of 'Ca. M. haemobos' infections in dogs and ticks collected from the Henan province, China. RESULTS: Overall, 55 dog blood samples and 378 ticks on skins were collected from anemic and healthy dogs, and these samples were subjected to PCR, sequence analysis, and identification. The results showed that Haemaphysalis longicornis (266) and Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (112) were the only two parasitic ticks on dogs. Molecular detection revealed that 163 M. haemocanis, 88 'Ca. M. haemobos' and 32 Anaplasma platys positive amplicons could be amplified from dogs, H. longicornis and R. (B.) microplus. In addition, co-infections (M. haemocanis + A. platys and 'Ca. M. haemobos'+ A. platys) could be also detected. CONCLUSIONS: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first molecular evidence of 'Ca. M. haemobos' natural infection in dogs and tick species identified as H. longicornis and R. (B.) microplus from China.

Effect of ambient temperature on daily hospital admissions for acute pancreatitis in Nanchang, China: A time-series analysis.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the short-term effect of temperature on the risk of acute pancreatitis (AP) in southern China. We performed a time-series study of 2822 patients admitted with a first episode of AP in Nanchang between May 2014 and June 2017. A generalized additive model combined with a distributed lag non-linear model was applied to assess the association of temperature and AP. In subgroup analysis, according to different etiologies of pancreatitis, significant associations were found between daily average temperature and non-biliary pancreatitis hospitalization at lags of 0-7 days, but not for biliary pancreatitis or total AP. Higher daily average temperature tended to increase the occurrence of non-biliary pancreatitis at lags of 0-7 days. These findings suggest that high temperature is associated with higher non-biliary pancreatitis risk in Nanchang, China. In the context of global warming, the morbidity of non-biliary pancreatitis may increase.

Facile construction of BiOBr ultra-thin nano-roundels for dramatically enhancing photocatalytic activity.

BiOBr is a kind of promising photocatalyst because of excellent photoelectric separation efficiency and chemical stability. In order to improving practical application performance, a novel BiOBr ultra-thin nano-roundel (BiOBr-nR) was constructed in water-in-oil (WIO) emulsion microspheres, and prepared by hydrothermal reaction. Its specific surface area was increased by changing microtopography and downsizing. After being characterized by FT-IR, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectra (UV-Vis DRS) and photoluminescence (PL), it indicated the BiOBr-nR, being doped by C and N, is 4-5 times smaller and thinner than that of conventional BiOBr. It was also found that BiOBr-nR has narrower band gap energy (2.78 eV), excellent photocatalytic activity, significant reusability, and stability. The obtained BiOBr-nR photocatalysts were applied to remove organics. It presented excellent photocatalytic activity, the degradation rate of organics got to 99.2%. The mechanism of photodegradation was investigated, which indicated superoxide radicals and holes play a major role in the degradation of organics. Therefore, BiOBr-nR is a kind of environmentally friendly photocatalyst with stable photocatalytic activity, the removal rate still more than 97% after recycling for 10 times. In summary, we found a novel insight for designing and preparation of efficient and recyclable BiOBr photocatalytic materials, which exhibits high photoresponse for purifying the wastewater.

Preparation of a hybrids APT@MIL by one-step solvent-thermal method for effectively degrading organics.

The attapulgite (APT), a typical nano-rod structured clay was introduced to MIL-101(Fe), a typical eco-friendly iron-based Metal-Organic Framework material (MOF), during the preparation by a one-step solvothermal method, which afforded a novel APT and MOF hybrid (APT@MIL). Based on the characterization of SEM, FT-IR and XRD, it was found that the rod-like crystals of APT determined the size of MIL-101(Fe) while maintaining its regular octahedral crystal form, and the crystal size of MIL-101(Fe) in APT@MIL enlarged 4 times. It was also discovered that the rod-like APT were evenly distributed in MIL-101(Fe) crystals. Using APT@MIL as the photocatalyst, some organic dyes were photodegraded in simulated sunlight. The analysis indicated that APT@MIL has high adsorption and photodegradation activity, the removal rate of methylene blue was up to 99.5%. Finally, the photocatalytic activity of APT@MIL was verified by UV-Vis DRS, photoluminescence spectra. The thermodynamic adsorption, kinetic characteristics adsorption, and removal mechanism of APT@MIL are also discussed. In summary, a novel hybrid material APT@MIL was successfully prepared with good adsorption and photocatalytic performance. It is expected to be used in photocatalytic degradation of dye wastewater.

Construction of coral rod-like MoS2@HA nanowires hybrids for highly effective green antisepsis.

Antibacterial materials have been rapidly emerging as a primary component in the mitigation of bacterial pathogens, and green functional materials play a vital role in the antibacterial field. In this study, biocompatible hydroxyapatite nanowires (HANW) was used as a carrier, a coral rod-like nanowires hybrid of MoS2 and HANW (CR-MoS2@HANW) was synthesized via a facile two-step hydrothermal approach. After being characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Brunauer-Emmet-Teller (BET) and thermogravimetric (TG) analysis, the antibacterial activity and environmental compatibility were assessed. It was found that MoS2 nanosheets were in-situ assembled onto surface of HA nanowires, and the obtained nanohybrid exhibited excellent stability. CR-MoS2@HANW endowed a desirable long-term antibacterial activity against both gram-negative E. coli and gram-positive S. aureus. It was sufficient to inhibit the growth of bacteria within 72 h, and nanohybrids effectively promoted the growth of plants. In summary, the combination of MoS2 and HANW created a novel eco-friendly nanohybrids that could be applied as a promising multi-functional green antisepsis. And the CR-MoS2@HANW possessed enormous potential for biomedical applications.