The Effects of Adiponectin and Adiponectin Receptor 1 Levels on Macrovascular Complications Among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The present study aimed to investigate the serum levels of adiponectin (APN) and adiponectin receptor 1 (AdipoR1) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) combined with macrovascular complications (MVC), as well as their correlation with clinical parameters. METHODS: A total of 60 T2DM patients were divided into 2 groups according to the presence of MVC: T2DM + MVC group (n=30) and T2DM group (n=30). Additionally, 30 healthy people were selected as control group (NC group). Clinical data and biological parameters were detected and recorded. T test was performed to compare the differences between two groups, and the results were corrected using Bonferroni method. Meanwhile, the correlation analysis and multiple stepwise regression analysis were used to analyze the association of APN and AdipoR1 with clinical factors. RESULTS: The levels of APN and AdipoR1 were significantly decreased in T2DM group and T2DM + MVC group compared with NC group, with the lowest value in T2DM + MVC group (all P<0.01). Serum APN levels were positively correlated with FINS and TG (r = 0.412, 0.316, respectively; both P<0.05), and negatively correlated with SBP, DBP and LDL-C (r = -0.292, -0.383, -0.334, respectively; all P<0.05). Serum levels of AdipoR1 were positively correlated with APN (r = 0.726, P<0.01), and negatively correlated with BMI, SBP, DBP, FBG, TC and LDL-C (r = -0.440, -0.446, -0.374, -0.444, -0.344, -0.709, respectively; all P<0.01). CONCLUSION: Serum levels of APN and AdipoR1 are significantly lower in T2DM group and T2DM + MVC group, showing lowest value in T2DM + MVC group. APN and AdipoR1 levels may influence glucose and lipid metabolism in T2DM patients.

Sex differences in serum pigment epithelium-derived factor in healthy individuals.

To investigate sexual dimorphism of serum pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) and its influencing factors in healthy individuals. A total of 162 healthy people (69 males, 93 females) who underwent health examinations in our department were selected. Serum PEDF, estradiol and other metabolic indices were measured, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and homeostasis model assessment of ß-cell function (HOMA-ß) were calculated to evaluate insulin resistance and ß-cell function, respectively. Subjects were divided into < 50 years and ≥ 50 years groups to explore the sexual dimorphism of serum PEDF in different age groups. We found no statistically significant difference in serum PEDF levels between men and women in total. However, in the group of subjects under 50 years old, men had significantly higher PEDF levels than women (9.32 ±â€…2.07 µg/mL vs 8.24 ±â€…2.29 µg/mL, P < .05), and no sex difference was found in the ≥ 50 years group. In women, serum PEDF levels were significantly higher in subjects aged 50 years and over than in those younger than 50 years of age (9.56 ±â€…3.05 µg/mL vs 8.25 ±â€…2.30 µg/mL, P < .05). In men, there was no significant difference in serum PEDF levels between the 2 age groups. In women, correlation analysis showed that serum PEDF levels were significantly correlated with body mass index, waist circumference, diastolic blood pressure (DBP), 2-h postprandial glucose, fasting and 2-h postprandial insulin, HOMA-ß, HOMA-IR, aminotransferase, triacylglycerol, and estradiol. Elevated triacylglycerol and aminotransferase and decreased estradiol were significant predictors of increased PEDF concentrations in women. There is sexual dimorphism in circulating PEDF levels, which may be related to estrogen status.

Knowledge mapping of diabetic foot research based on Web of Science database: A bibliometric analysis.

PURPOSE: To take a systematic bibliometric analysis and generate the knowledge mapping of diabetic foot research, basing on big data from Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) database. METHODS: Two authors retrieved the WoSCC independently, to obtain publications in field of diabetic foot. CiteSpace was used to detect the co-occurrence relationships of authors, keywords, institutions, and countries/regions, co-citation relationships of authors, references, and journals, and distribution of WoS category. RESULTS: A total of 10,822 documents were included, with 39,541 authors contributed to this field. "Armstrong DG," "Lavery LA," and "Lipsky BA" are the top 3 productive authors, and "Armstrong DG," "Boulton AJM," and "Lavery LA" were most commonly cited. The United States, England and China are the most productive countries, and Univ Washington, Univ Manchester and Harvard Univ published the largest quantity of articles. "Diabetes Care," "Diabetic Med," and "Diabetologia" are the most frequently cited journals, providing the greatest knowledge base. Clustering analysis of keywords co-occurrence map presented the following hotspots: #1 diabetic wound healing, #2 diabetic polyneuropathy, #3 plantar pressure, #4 diabetic foot infection, #5 endovascular treatment, and #6 hyperbaric oxygen therapy. CONCLUSION: This study performed a global overview of diabetic foot research using bibliometric and visualization methods, which would provide helpful references for researchers focusing on this area to capture the future trend.

Serum Pigment Epithelium-Derived Factor Levels are Associated with Estradiol and Decrease After Adjusting for Alanine Aminotransferase in Chinese Women Based on Multiple Linear Regression Analysis.

Purpose: To assess changes in pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) levels in patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and to investigate sexual dimorphism in serum PEDF levels and their relationships with estradiol. Methods: A total of 318 individuals (145 men, 173 women) who underwent health examinations in our department were selected. Serum PEDF, estradiol and other metabolic parameters were determined. Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA- IR) and homeostasis model assessment of ß-cell function (HOMA-ß) were calculated to evaluate insulin resistance and ß-cell function, respectively. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to analyse the factors influencing serum PEDF. Results: Serum PEDF levels were significantly higher in subjects with MetS in both men and women (12.09±2.75 vs 8.97±3.19 µg/mL in men and 11.31±2.79 vs 8.40±2.32 µg/mL in women, MetS vs non-MetS, P<0.001). Correlation analysis showed that serum PEDF levels were significantly correlated with body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, diastolic blood pressure (DBP), fasting and 2-h postprandial glucose, fasting and 2-h postprandial insulin, HOMA-ß, HOMA-IR, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), uric acid (UA), triacylglycerol (TG) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). Elevated ALT, HOMA-IR and TG were significant predictors of increased PEDF concentrations. In women, estradiol was inversely correlated with PEDF levels (r=-0.25, P=0.011), and the association was no longer significant after adjustment for ALT. Conclusion: PEDF could be used as a biomarker of MetS in both men and women. This study reported for the first time that circulating PEDF displays sexual dimorphism, which could be related to estrogen. The association between estrogen and circulating PEDF levels was attenuated after adjusting for ALT.

A novel ratiometric fluorescence sensor based on lanthanide-functionalized MOF for Hg2+ detection.

Post-synthesis modification is an effective strategy for the preparation of rare earth organic framework materials and the derivation of high-performance functional materials. Here, we report the preparation of a dual emission Ln-MOF material (Eu-Ca-MOF) using Ca-MOF as the parent framework and introducing Eu3+ ions into its channels through post-synthesis modification. Eu-Ca-MOF has good photoluminescence properties and can be used as a ratiometric fluorescence sensor (I381/I590) to detect Hg2+ ions in water sensitively. The characteristic of Eu-Ca-MOF obtained is that when the material is dispersed in an aqueous solution containing Hg2+ ions, the characteristic emission of the ligand at 381 nm is enhanced, while the characteristic emission of Eu3+ at 590 nm is quenched. The peak-to-height ratio of the two emissions can be used to achieve highly sensitive detection of Hg2+ ions even in the presence of other potentially competing analytes. In addition, Hg2+ induces Eu-Ca-MOF to produce a significant ratiometric luminescence response, which changes its luminescence color from red to blue, which is beneficial to visual analysis of naked eyes. At the same time, Eu-Ca-MOF has a wider detection range (0.02-200 µM), and a lower limit detection (2.6 nM) for Hg2+ ions. The lanthanide compounds prepared by post-synthetic modification provide an effective synthesis strategy for photoluminescent materials.

Efficacy and safety of pasireotide for Cushing's disease: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Cushing's disease (CD) is associated with increased risk of mortality, myocardial infarction, stroke, peptic ulcers, fractures and infections. The prevalence of CD is nearly 40 per million and higher in women than in men. When surgery has failed, is not feasible, or has been refused, pharmacotherapy can be considered a valuable option. Pasireotide is the first medical therapy officially approved for adult patients with CD. We will conduct a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis to systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of pasireotide for CD. METHODS: Five English databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, and OVID) and 3 Chinese databases (China National Knowledge Infrastructure, China Science and Technology Journal Database, and Chinese Biomedical Literature Database) will be searched from their respective inception of databases to December 2020. Two reviewers will select articles, extract data and assess the risk of bias independently. Any disagreement will be resolved by discussion with the third reviewer. Review Manager 5.3 software will be used for data synthesis. The Cochrane risk of bias assessment tool will be used to evaluate the bias risk. RESULTS: This systematic review and meta-analysis will conduct a comprehensive literature search and provide a systematic synthesis of current published data to explore the efficacy and safety of pasireotide for CD. CONCLUSIONS: This systematic review and meta-analysis will provide clinical evidence for the efficacy and safety of pasireotide for CD, and inform our understanding of the value of pasireotide in improving CD clinical signs and symptoms. The conclusions drawn from this study may be beneficial to patients, clinicians, and health-related policy makers. STUDY REGISTRATION NUMBER: INPLASY2020110070.

Association of MCP-1 rs1024611 polymorphism with diabetic foot ulcers.

Monocyte chemotactant protein-1 (MCP-1), a pro-inflammatory cytokine, plays an important role in inflammatory process. In present study, we evaluated the association of MCP-1 gene rs1024611 polymorphism with risk and clinical characteristics of diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs).This study recruited 116 patients with DFUs, 135 patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) without complications (non-DFU), and 149 healthy controls (HCs). MCP-1 gene rs1024611 polymorphism was genotyped by direct sequencing. The expression of MCP-1 was analyzed using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to assume the association strength.Individuals with rs1024611 AG and GG genotypes exhibited significantly higher susceptibility to DFUs, in the comparison with HCs (AG vs AA, OR = 2.364, 95% CI = 1.021-5.470; GG vs AA, OR = 2.686, 95% CI = 1.154-6.255). Meanwhile, G allele was associated with increased DFUs susceptibility (OR = 1.457, 95% CI = 1.014-2.093). Besides, rs1024611 SNP was slightly correlated with increased DFUs susceptibility in patients with DM. GG genotype of rs1024611 was significantly correlated with higher epidermal thickness and lower dermis thickness in patients with DFUs (P < .01). Patients with DFU exhibited upregulation of MCP-1 mRNA, and GG genotype was correlated with enhanced MCP-1 expression in DFU and non-DFU groups.Rs1024611 polymorphism was significantly associated with MCP-1 expression and individual susceptibility to DFUs.

Correlations between A1c, fasting glucose, 2h postload glucose, and ß-cell function in the Chinese population.

This study was aimed to assess the associations of hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), and 2h postload plasma glucose (2hPG) with ß-cell function in the Chinese population. A total of 913 subjects underwent 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and HbA1c testing. According to OGTT, isolated impaired fasting glucose (i-IFG) was defined as 5.6 mmol/l ≤ FPG < 7.0 mmol/l and 2hPG < 7.8 mmol/l; isolated impaired glucose tolerance (i-IGT) was defined as FPG < 5.6 mmol/l and 7.8 mmol/l ≤ 2hPG < 11.1 mmol/l. HbA1c 5.7-6.4 % was used to identify subjects with prediabetes. Insulin release was calculated by basal homeostasis model assessment of insulin secretion (HOMA-ß), early-phase InsAUC30/GluAUC30, and total-phase InsAUC120/GluAUC120. ß-cell function relative to insulin sensitivity was expressed as disposition index (DI). All indices of insulin sensitivity and ß-cell function gradually decreased with increasing HbA1c, FPG, and 2hPG (all p < 0.01). ß-cell function decreased precipitously when HbA1c exceeded 5.5 %. Compared with HbA1c, FPG showed stronger correlations with HOMA-ß, InsAUC30/GluAUC30, InsAUC120/GluAUC120, DI30, and DI120 (all p < 0.05), and 2hPG was more closely related to DI30 and DI120 (all p < 0.01). Moreover, FPG was more strongly related to HOMA-ß and InsAUC30/GluAUC30 than 2hPG (all p < 0.05). The combination of i-IFG and HbA1c 5.7-6.4 % showed the greatest reduction in DI30 and DI120 compared with HbA1c 5.7-6.4 % alone, i-IGT, or i-IFG (p < 0.05). In conclusion, HbA1c could be used as a marker to identify subjects with impaired ß-cell function, but OGTT performs better than HbA1c. The combination of HbA1c and FPG is a simple and sensitive method to evaluate ß-cell function.

Effects of exenatide, insulin, and pioglitazone on liver fat content and body fat distributions in drug-naive subjects with type 2 diabetes.

Ectopic accumulation of lipids in nonadipose tissues plays a primary role in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study was to examine the effects of exenatide, insulin, and pioglitazone on liver fat content and body fat distributions in T2DM. Thirty-three drug-naive T2DM patients (age 52.7 ± 1.7 years, HbA1c 8.7 ± 0.2 %, body mass index 24.5 ± 0.5 kg/m(2)) were randomized into exenatide, insulin, or pioglitazone for 6 months. Intrahepatic fat (IHF), visceral fat (VF), and subcutaneous fat (SF) were measured using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Plasma tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) and adiponectin were assayed by ELISA. HbA1c declined significantly in all three groups. Body weight, waist, and serum triglycerides decreased with exenatide. After interventions, IHF significantly reduced with three treatments (exenatide Δ = -68 %, insulin Δ = -58 %, pioglitazone Δ = -49 %). Exenatide reduced VF (Δ = -36 %) and SF (Δ = -13 %), and pioglitazone decreased VF (Δ = -30 %) with no impact on SF, whereas insulin had no impact on VF or SF. Levels of TNFα (exenatide/insulin/pioglitazone) decreased, and levels of adiponectin (exenatide/pioglitazone) increased. Analysis showed that ΔIHF correlated with ΔHbA1c and Δweight. Besides, ΔIHF correlated with Δtriglycerides and ΔTNFα, but the correlations fell short of significance after BMI adjustment. By linear regression analysis, ΔHbA1c alone explained 41.5 % of the variance of ΔIHF, and ΔHbA1c + Δweight explained 57.6 % of the variance. Liver fat content can be significantly reduced irrespective of using exenatide, insulin, and pioglitazone. Early glycaemic control plays an important role in slowing progression of fatty liver in T2DM.