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Mammalian reovirus (reovirus) is a multilayered, turreted member of Reoviridae characterized by transcription of dsRNA genome within the innermost capsid shell. Here, we present high-resolution in situ structures of reovirus transcriptase complex in an intact double-layered virion, and in the uncoated single-layered core particles in the unloaded, reloaded, pre-elongation, and elongation states, respectively, obtained by cryo-electron microscopy and sub-particle reconstructions. At the template entry of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), the RNA-loading region gets flexible after uncoating resulting in the unloading of terminal genomic RNA and inactivity of transcription. However, upon adding transcriptional substrates, the RNA-loading region is recovered leading the RNAs loaded again. The priming loop in RdRp was found to play a critical role in regulating transcription, which hinders the elongation of transcript in virion and triggers the rearrangement of RdRp C-terminal domain (CTD) during elongation, resulting in splitting of template-transcript hybrid and opening of transcript exit. With the integration of these structures, a transcriptional model of reovirus with five states is proposed. Our structures illuminate the RdRp activation and regulation of the multilayered turreted reovirus.
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RNA Viral , Reoviridae , Animais , Microscopia Crioeletrônica , RNA Viral/genética , Reoviridae/genética , RNA Polimerase Dependente de RNA/genética , Capsídeo , Mamíferos/genéticaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Gastric cancer (GC) is prevalent worldwide but has a dismal prognosis, and its molecular and pathogenic pathways remain unknown. Kallikrein 11 (KLK11) has a reduced expression in GC and may be a promising biomarker. METHOD: Herein, the function of KLK11 in GC and its regulatory mechanism was studied. Gene sequencing and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction were used to determine the expression of KLK11 in GC and precancerous lesions. Cell function tests and flow cytometry were conducted to determine the proliferative capacity and cell cycle of GC cells, respectively. A luciferase reporter test confirmed the interaction between RNA molecules. The mTOR/4E-BP1 signaling pathway was analyzed using western blotting. RESULT: KLK11 has a suppressed expression in GC samples. KLK11 decreased the proliferative capacity of GC cells, by inhibiting the degree of mTOR/4E-BP1 phosphorylation. In contrast, miR-1304 increased GC cell proliferation by inhibiting KLK11. Moreover, KLK11 was able to limit in vivo GC cell proliferation. CONCLUSION: These findings reveal a promising strategy to prevent and treat GC by targeting the KLK11-mediated mTOR/4E-BP1 cascade.
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MicroRNAs , Neoplasias Gástricas , Humanos , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proliferação de Células/genética , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , MicroRNAs/genética , MicroRNAs/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais/genética , Neoplasias Gástricas/patologia , Serina-Treonina Quinases TOR/genética , Serina-Treonina Quinases TOR/metabolismoRESUMO
Minimally invasive testing is essential for early cancer detection, impacting patient survival rates significantly. Our study aimed to establish a pioneering cell-free immune-related miRNAs (cf-IRmiRNAs) signature for early cancer detection. We analyzed circulating miRNA profiles from 15,832 participants, including individuals with 13 types of cancer and control. The data was randomly divided into training, validation, and test sets (7:2:1), with an additional external test set of 684 participants. In the discovery phase, we identified 100 differentially expressed cf-IRmiRNAs between the malignant and non-malignant, retaining 39 using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) method. Five machine learning algorithms were adopted to construct cf-IRmiRNAs signature, and the diagnostic classifies based on XGBoost algorithm showed the excellent performance for cancer detection in the validation set (AUC: 0.984, CI: 0.980-0.989), determined through 5-fold cross-validation and grid search. Further evaluation in the test and external test sets confirmed the reliability and efficacy of the classifier (AUC: 0.980 to 1.000). The classifier successfully detected early-stage cancers, particularly lung, prostate, and gastric cancers. It also distinguished between benign and malignant tumors. This study represents the largest and most comprehensive pan-cancer analysis on cf-IRmiRNAs, offering a promising non-invasive diagnostic biomarker for early cancer detection and potential impact on clinical practice.
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MicroRNAs , Neoplasias Gástricas , Masculino , Humanos , MicroRNAs/genética , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Biomarcadores Tumorais/genética , Detecção Precoce de Câncer/métodos , Neoplasias Gástricas/diagnósticoRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To investigate the prognostic impact and pathophysiological characteristics of fragmented QRS complex (fQRS) on patients with connective tissue disease-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension (CTD-PAH). METHODS: This was a multicentre retrospective study recruiting 141 patients with CTD-PAH diagnosed by right heart catheterization (114 cases in the discovery cohort and 27 cases in the validation cohort). fQRS and ST-T change were detected on conventional 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG). Patients were followed up every 3 months to update their status and the primary end point was all-cause death. Clinical information and ECG characteristics were compared between survival and death groups and Kaplan-Meier curve was used for survival analysis. RESULTS: There were significant differences in age, gender, 6-min walk distance, NT-proBNP, WHO class, presence of fQRS and presence of ST-T change in inferior leads between survival group and death group. Inferior fQRS and ST-T change were significantly associated with right ventricular (RV) dilatation and reduced RV ejection fraction (RVEF). Kaplan-Meier curve showed that all-cause mortality was higher in CTD-PAH with fQRS (p= 0.003) and inferior ST-T change (p= 0.012). Low- and intermediate-risk CTD-PAH with inferior ST-T change had higher all-cause mortality (p= 0.005). The prognostic value of fQRS and inferior ST-T change was validated in external validation cohort. CONCLUSION: The presence of inferior fQRS and ST-T change could predict poor prognosis in CTD-PAH. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT05980728, https://clinicaltrials.gov.
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A method by detecting the ellipse fitting degree of the trajectory equation formed by two self-mixing (SM) signals in the multi-longitudinal mode laser SM system with a Wollaston prism is presented to test the free spectral range (FSR) of the laser. By utilizing the orthogonal vector and phase-shift characteristics between adjacent longitudinal modes, the fluctuations in multi-mode SM effects caused by changes in the external cavity length are transformed into alterations in the trajectory composed of two orthogonal SM signals. The FSR is calculated by detecting the difference in external cavity lengths between the two positions, where the trajectory of the two SM signals best fits an ellipse. To achieve an automatic FSR measurement, the ellipse fitting degree is proposed as the criterion for positioning the external cavity mode. Experimental results indicate that the FSR of the laser diode is measured to be 85.23â GHz with a resolution of 0.48â GHz, while the corresponding external cavity resolution is 10â µm, and the resolution of the ellipse fitting degree is less than 1. The compact and straightforward design, coupled with high sensitivity, automated measurements, and immunity to optical feedback, holds significant promise as a robust tool for measuring FSR and assessing laser performance.
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BACKGROUND: More efficient and convenient diagnostic method is a desperate need to reduce the burden of tuberculosis (TB). This study explores the multiple cytokines secretion based on QuantiFERON-TB Gold Plus (QFT-Plus), and screens for optimal cytokines with diagnostic potential to differentiate TB infection status. METHODS: Twenty active tuberculosis (ATB) patients, fifteen patients with latent TB infection (LTBI), ten patients with previous TB and ten healthy controls (HC) were enrolled. Whole blood samples were collected and stimulated by QFT-Plus TB1 and TB2 antigens. The levels of IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-2, IL-6, IL-5, IL-10, IP-10, IL-1Ra, CXCL-1 and MCP-1 in supernatant were measured by Luminex bead-based multiplex assays. The receiver operating characteristic curve was used to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of cytokine for distinguishing different TB infection status. RESULTS: After stimulation with QFT-Plus TB1 and TB2 antigens, the levels of all cytokines, except IL-5 in TB2 tube, in ATB group were significantly higher than that in HC group. The levels of IL-1Ra concurrently showed the equally highest AUC for distinguishing TB infection from HC, followed by the levels of IP-10 in both TB1 tube and TB2 tube. Moreover, IP-10 levels displayed the largest AUC for distinguishing ATB patients from non-ATB patients. Meanwhile, the levels of IP-10 also demonstrated the largest AUC in both TB1 tube and TB2 tube for distinguishing ATB patients from LTBI. CONCLUSIONS: In addition to conventional detection of IFN-γ, measuring IP-10 and IL-1Ra based on QFT-Plus may have the more tremendous potential to discriminate different TB infection status.
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Tuberculose Latente , Mycobacterium tuberculosis , Tuberculose , Humanos , Citocinas , Proteína Antagonista do Receptor de Interleucina 1 , Quimiocina CXCL10 , Interleucina-5 , Tuberculose/diagnóstico , Antígenos , Testes de Liberação de Interferon-gama/métodosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Immune inflammation is intricately associated with coronary artery disease (CAD) progression, necessitating the pursuit of more efficacious therapeutic strategies. This study aimed to uncover potential therapeutic targets for CAD and myocardial infarction (MI) by elucidating the causal connection between regulatory immune-related genes (RIRGs) and these disorders. METHODOLOGY: We performed summary data-based Mendelian randomization analysis to assess the therapeutic targets linked to expression quantitative trait loci and methylation quantitative trait loci of RIRGs in relation to CAD and MI. Independent validation cohorts and datasets from coronary artery and left ventricular heart tissue were analyzed. To strengthen causal inference, colocalization analysis and PhenoScanner phenotype scans were employed. RESULTS: Utilizing multiomics integration, we pinpointed EIF2B2, FCHO1, and DDT as CAD risk genes. Notably, EIF2B2 and FCHO1 displayed significant associations with MI. High EIF2B2 expression, regulated by cg16144293, heightened CAD and MI risk at rs175438. In contrast, enhanced FCHO1 expression, modulated by cg18329931, reduced CAD and MI risk at rs13382133. DDT upregulation influenced by cg11060661 and cg09664220 was associated with decreased CAD risk at rs5760120. Colocalization analysis firmly established these relationships. CONCLUSION: EIF2B2, FCHO1, and DDT represent risk loci for CAD progression within RIRGs. Our identification of these genes enhances understanding of CAD pathogenesis and directs future drug development efforts.
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Structural colors show diverse advantages such as fade resistance, eco-friendliness, iridescence, and high saturation in comparison with chemical pigments. In this paper, we show tunable structural coloration in colorless water-in-oil-in-water double emulsion droplets via total internal reflection and interference at the microscale concave interfaces. Through experimental work and simulations, we demonstrate that the shell thickness and the eccentricity of the core-shell structures are key to the successful formation of iridescent structural colors. Only eccentric thin-shell water-in-oil-in-water droplets show structural colors. Importantly, structural colors based on water-oil interfaces are readily responsive to a variety of environmental stimuli, such as osmotic pressure, temperature, magnetic fields, and light composition. This work highlights an alternative structural coloration that expands the applications of droplet-based structural colors to aqueous systems.
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Mixed Br/Cl perovskite nanocrystals (PeNCs) exhibit bright pure-blue emission benefiting for fulfilling the Rec. 2100 standard. However, phase segregation remains a significant challenge that severely affects the stability and emission spectrum of perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs). Here, we demonstrate the optimization of the spacing between polydentate functional groups of polymer ligands to match the surface pattern of CsPbBr1.8Cl1.2 PeNCs, resulting in effective synergistic passivation effect and significant improvements in PeLED performances. The block and alternating copolymers with different inter-functional group spacing are facilely synthesized as ligands for PeNCs. Surprisingly, block copolymers with a higher functional group density do not match PeNCs, while alternating copolymers enable efficient PeNCs with the high photoluminescence intensity, low non-radiative recombination rate and high exciton binding energy. Density functional theory calculations clearly confirm the almost perfect match between alternating copolymers and PeNCs. Finally, pure-blue PeLEDs are achieved with the emission at 467â nm and Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage (CIE) coordinates of (0.131, 0.071), high external quantum efficiency (9.1 %) and record spectral and operational stabilities (~80â mins) in mixed-halide PeLEDs. Overall, this study contributes to designing the polymer ligands and promoting the development of high-performance and stable pure-color PeLEDs towards display applications.
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MOTIVATION: The interactions among various types of cells play critical roles in cell functions and the maintenance of the entire organism. While cell-cell interactions are traditionally revealed from experimental studies, recent developments in single-cell technologies combined with data mining methods have enabled computational prediction of cell-cell interactions, which have broadened our understanding of how cells work together, and have important implications in therapeutic interventions targeting cell-cell interactions for cancers and other diseases. Despite the importance, to our knowledge, there is no database for systematic documentation of high-quality cell-cell interactions at the cell type level, which hinders the development of computational approaches to identify cell-cell interactions. RESULTS: We develop a publicly accessible database, CITEdb (Cell-cell InTEraction database, https://citedb.cn/), which not only facilitates interactive exploration of cell-cell interactions in specific physiological contexts (e.g. a disease or an organ) but also provides a benchmark dataset to interpret and evaluate computationally derived cell-cell interactions from different tools. CITEdb contains 728 pairs of cell-cell interactions in human that are manually curated. Each interaction is equipped with structured annotations including the physiological context, the ligand-receptor pairs that mediate the interaction, etc. Our database provides a web interface to search, visualize and download cell-cell interactions. Users can search for cell-cell interactions by selecting the physiological context of interest or specific cell types involved. CITEdb is the first attempt to catalogue cell-cell interactions at the cell type level, which is beneficial to both experimental, computational and clinical studies of cell-cell interactions. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION: CITEdb is freely available at https://citedb.cn/ and the R package implementing benchmark is available at https://github.com/shanny01/benchmark. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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Comunicação Celular , Mineração de Dados , Humanos , Bases de Dados FactuaisRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To determine the incremental diagnostic value of radiomics signature of pericoronary adipose tissue (PCAT) in addition to the coronary artery stenosis and plaque characters for detecting hemodynamic significant coronary artery disease (CAD) based on coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA). METHODS: In a multicenter trial of 262 patients, CCTA and invasive coronary angiography were performed, with fractional flow reserve (FFR) in 306 vessels. A total of 13 conventional quantitative characteristics including plaque characteristics (N = 10) and epicardial adipose tissue characteristics (N = 3) were obtained. A total of 106 radiomics features depicting the phenotype of the PCAT surrounding the lesion were calculated. All data were randomly split into a training dataset (75%) and a testing dataset (25%). Then three models (including the conventional model, the PCAT radiomics model, and the combined model) were established in the training dataset using multivariate logistic regression algorithm based on the conventional quantitative features and the PCAT radiomics features after dimension reduction. RESULTS: A total of 124/306 vessels showed functional ischemia (FFR ≤ 0.80). The radiomics model performed better in discriminating ischemia from non-ischemia than the conventional model in both training (area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC): 0.770 vs 0.732, p < 0.05) and testing datasets (AUC: 0.740 vs 0.696, p < 0.05). The combined model showed significantly better discrimination than the conventional model in both training (AUC: 0.810 vs 0.732, p < 0.05) and testing datasets (AUC: 0.809 vs 0.696, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The PCAT radiomics model showed good performance in predicting myocardial ischemia. Addition of PCAT radiomics to lesion quantitative characteristics improves the predictive power of functionally relevant CAD. KEY POINTS: ⢠Based on the plaque characteristics and EAT characteristics, the conventional model showed poor performance in predicting myocardial ischemia. ⢠The PCAT radiomics model showed good prospect in predicting myocardial ischemia. ⢠When combining the radiomics signature with the conventional quantitative features (including plaque features and EAT features), it showed significantly better performance in predicting myocardial ischemia.
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Doença da Artéria Coronariana , Estenose Coronária , Reserva Fracionada de Fluxo Miocárdico , Isquemia Miocárdica , Placa Aterosclerótica , Humanos , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/diagnóstico por imagem , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Isquemia Miocárdica/diagnóstico por imagem , Angiografia Coronária/métodos , Angiografia por Tomografia Computadorizada , Tecido Adiposo/diagnóstico por imagemRESUMO
Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) is a life-threatening disease and the incidence of AAA is still on the rise in recent years. Numerous studies suggest that dietary moderate consumption of polyphenol exerts beneficial effects on cardiovascular disease. Apigenin (API) is a promising dietary polyphenol and possesses potent beneficial effects on our body. Although our previous study revealed protective effects of API on experimental AAA formation, up till now few studies were carried out to further investigate its involved molecular mechanisms. In the present study, network pharmacology combined molecular docking and experimental validation was used to explore API-related therapeutic targets and mechanisms in the treatment of AAA. Firstly, we collected 202 API-related therapeutic targets and 2475 AAA-related pathogenetic targets. After removing duplicates, a total of 68 potential therapeutic targets were obtained. Moreover, 5 targets with high degree including TNF, ACTB, INS, JUN, and MMP9 were identified as core targets of API for treating AAA. In addition, functional enrichment analysis indicated that API exerted pharmacological effects in AAA by affecting versatile mechanisms, including apoptosis, inflammation, blood fluid dynamics, and immune modulation. Molecular docking results further supported that API had strong affinity with the above core targets. Furthermore, protein level of core targets and related pathways were evaluated in a Cacl2-induced AAA model by using western blot and immunohistochemistry. The experimental validation results demonstrated that API significantly attenuated phosphorylation of JUN and protein level of predicted core targets. Taken together, based on network pharmacological and experimental validation, our study systematically explored associated core targets and potential therapeutic pathways of API for AAA treatment, which could supply valuable insights and theoretical basis for AAA treatment.
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This paper studies motor structures and optimization methods for space robots, proposing an optimized stepped rotor bearingless switched reluctance motor (BLSRM) to solve the poor self-starting ability and significant torque fluctuation issues in traditional BLSRMs. Firstly, the advantages and disadvantages of the 12/14 hybrid stator pole type BLSRM were analyzed, and a stepped rotor BLSRM structure was designed. Secondly, the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm was improved and combined with finite element analysis for motor structure parameter optimization. Subsequently, a performance analysis of the original and new motors was conducted using finite element analysis software, and the results showed that the stepped rotor BLSRM had an improved self-starting ability and significantly reduced torque fluctuation, verifying the effectiveness of the proposed motor structure and optimization method.
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Emerging evidence suggests that an important function of the sleeping brain is the removal of wastes and toxins from the central nervous system (CNS) due to the activation of the brain waste removal system (BWRS). The meningeal lymphatic vessels (MLVs) are an important part of the BWRS. A decrease in MLV function is associated with Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, intracranial hemorrhages, brain tumors and trauma. Since the BWRS is activated during sleep, a new idea is now being actively discussed in the scientific community: night stimulation of the BWRS might be an innovative and promising strategy for neurorehabilitation medicine. This review highlights new trends in photobiomodulation of the BWRS/MLVs during deep sleep as a breakthrough technology for the effective removal of wastes and unnecessary compounds from the brain in order to increase the neuroprotection of the CNS as well as to prevent or delay various brain diseases.
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Encéfalo , Sistema Glinfático , Humanos , Sistema Nervoso Central , Sono , Hemorragias IntracranianasRESUMO
A self-mixing interferometer combined with the photothermal spectroscopy is utilized as a remarkable sensor for highly sensitive trace detection, featuring the beneficial property of a He-Ne laser with back-mounted photodiode, to the best of our knowledge, acting as an excitation laser, also as a probe laser, and even more, as a detector. Utilizing the novel implementation of the photothermal self-mixing (PTSM) interferometer with an external cavity modulation, the concentration of the sample is directly measured by the PTSM parameter extracted from the PTSM signal. The metrological qualities of the PTSM interferometer were investigated by methylene blue trace detection. For a low excitation power of 5â mW, a 7.7 nM of the limit of detection was achieved with a relative standard deviation of â¼3%. The compact and simple structure with high sensitivity has guiding significance to a robust analytical tool for the analysis of photosensitive compounds and in the detection of aquatic product hazards in aquaculture.
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Color-tunable upconversion luminescence has wide prospects for anti-counterfeiting and disease diagnosis/treatment. To date, achieving high-quality tunable red and blue emissions using a single excitation wavelength remains a formidable challenge, due to the large energy difference between the red and blue photons. In this Letter, based on Tm3+ upconversion luminescence, blue dominant and red dominant emissions are generated upon 980-nm excitations using a short and long pulse, respectively. The corresponding color tuning mechanisms are investigated based on the spectral observations. The proposed color tuning strategy is particularly useful for in vivo applications as the red and blue lights play important roles in biological imaging and drug release, respectively.
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Luz , Luminescência , FótonsRESUMO
In this article, we investigate parameter estimation, kink points testing and statistical inference for a longitudinal multikink expectile regression model. The estimators for the kink locations and regression coefficients are obtained by using a bootstrap restarting iterative algorithm to avoid local minima. A backward selection procedure based on a modified BIC is applied to estimate the number of kink points. We theoretically demonstrate the number selection consistency of kink points and the asymptotic normality of all estimators. In particular, the estimators of kink locations are shown to achieve root-n consistency. A weighted cumulative sum type statistic is proposed to test the existence of kink effects at a given expectile, and its limiting distributions are derived under both the null and the local alternative hypotheses. The traditional Wald-type and cluster bootstrap confidence intervals for kink locations are also constructed. Simulation studies show that the proposed estimators and test have desirable finite sample performance in both homoscedastic and heteroscedastic errors. Two applications to the Nation Growth, Lung and Health Study and Capital Bike sharing dataset in Washington D.C. are also presented. The R codes for simulation studies and the real data are available at https://github.com/wangleink/MKER.
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Algoritmos , Simulação por Computador , HumanosRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is not considered only a liver disease but also associated with an increased risk of extra-hepatic diseases including bone metabolism disorders. In our study, we aim to explore the changes of several bone turnover markers (BTMs) under different fat deposition and stiffness levels of the liver. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analyzed the physical examination data of 3353 subjects from February 2018 to June 2021 in this study. The steatosis and stiffness of liver were quantitatively detected using the fat attenuation parameter (FAP) and liver stiffness measurements (LSM) of transient elastography (TE). Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)D3), osteocalcin, carboxy-terminal collagen crosslinks (CTX), amino terminal elongation peptide of total type 1 procollagen (P1NP) were tested. Clinical and other biochemical data were also collected. RESULTS: With the increasing of FAP, the levels of 25(OH)D3 and osteocalcin decreased, the difference was statistically significant. No correlation was found between LSM and all the four BTMs. Logistic regression analysis revealed that FAP ≥ 244 dB/m was negatively correlated with 25(OH)D3 (in both males and females) and osteocalcin (only in males). No correlation was found between FAP ≥ 244 dB/m and P1NP or CTX. CONCLUSION: The degree of liver adipose deposition was found to be negatively associated with the serum levels of 25(OH)D3 (in both males and females) and osteocalcin (only in males) in southwest China.
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Doenças Ósseas Metabólicas , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica , Biomarcadores , Doenças Ósseas Metabólicas/complicações , Remodelação Óssea , China , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , OsteocalcinaRESUMO
Aldehyde oxidases (AOXs) are a group of metabolic enzymes that play critical roles in the degradation of xenobiotics and chemicals. However, the physiological function of this enzyme in insects remains poorly understood. In this study, three TcAOX genes (TcAOX1, TcAOX2, TcAOX3) were identified and characterized from Tribolium castaneum genome. Spatiotemporal expression profiling showed that TcAOX1 expression was most highly expressed at the early pupal stage and was predominantly expressed in the antennae of adults, indicating that TcAOX1 was involved in the degradation of chemical signals; TcAOX2 expression was most highly expressed at the late pupal stage and was mainly expressed in the fat body, epidermis of larvae and adults, respectively; and TcAOX3 expression was in all stages and was primarily expressed in the head of adults. Moreover, the transcripts of TcAOX2 and TcAOX3 were significantly induced after exposure to plant oil, and RNA interference (RNAi) targeting of each of them enhanced the susceptibility of beetles to this plant toxicant, suggesting that these two genes are associated with plant toxicant detoxification. Intriguingly, knockdown of the TcAOX1 led to reductions in female egg-laying but unchanged the hatchability and the development of genital organs, suggesting that this gene may mediate fecundity by effecting the inactivation of chemical signals in T. castaneum. Overall, these results shed new light on the function of AOX genes in insects, and could facilitate the development of research on pest control management.
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Besouros , Tribolium , Animais , Tribolium/genética , Besouros/metabolismo , Aldeído Oxidase/genética , Aldeído Oxidase/metabolismo , Interferência de RNA , Fertilidade/genética , Aldeídos/metabolismoRESUMO
AIM: Cardioplegia is one of the most studied fields of myocardial protection during cardiac surgery. However, the most effective cardioplegia for protection in adult cardiac surgery remains unknown. METHOD: PubMed and other databases were searched and a network meta-analysis with a Bayesian framework was performed. The primary outcomes were the serum concentrations of creatine kinase-myocardial band (CK-MB), cardiac troponin I, and cardiac troponin T (cTnT) at four time points. Several clinical outcomes were evaluated, including low output syndrome, myocardial infarction, and risk of early mortality. All studies that involved crystalloid cardioplegia without reference to St Thomas cardioplegia or histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate solution, and if the cardioplegia was used at a temperature between 4°C and 16°C were classified as cold crystalloid (cCCP) or cold blood cBCP cardioplegia. Warm blood cardioplegia (wBCP) was defined as the blood cardioplegia used at a temperature between 32°C and 37°C. RESULTS: Forty-seven (47) studies with a total of 4,175 patients were included. Seven (7) cardioplegia solutions were used, including cold CCP or BCP, del Nido solution, histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate solution, St Thomas cardioplegia, wBCP and warm terminal blood cardioplegia (wtBCP). The serum concentrations of CK-MB at 2 hours (mean difference [MD], 213.56; 95% confidence interval [CI], -25.79 to -1.59) and cTnT at 24 hours of wBCP (MD, -1.50; 95% CI, -2.69 to -0.31) were significantly lower than that of cCCP. There were no significant differences in other outcomes of these six cardioplegia solutions, when compared to cCCP. CONCLUSIONS: The seven cardioplegia solutions analysed had similar myocardial protective effects after adult cardiac surgery, although wBCP had a lower CK-MB at 2 hours and lower cTnT at 24 hours.