[gamma-Glutamyl transpeptidase in human eccrine sweat (author's transl)]. / Uber die Ausscheidung der gamma-Glutamyl-Transpeptidase im menschlichen ekkrinen Schweiss.

UNLABELLED: The concentration of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase was determined in eccrine, thermal sweat of 56 healthy men (ages 20--60 years) and 48 healthy women (ages 17--55 years). Samples of sweat were collected from the chest and back. RESULTS: The concentrations of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase showed great individual variations. The sex specific comparison of the concentrations of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase revealed that the women excreted in the sweat from the chest and the back nearly the double amount of this enzyme. The gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase concentrations determined in the sweat from the chest of the examined men and women were three times higher as compared with those excreted simultaneous from the back of the same persons. In the group of the women was this differences statistically significant.

[Amino acid losses in human sweat. Influence of oral contraceptives, physical exercise and sex on the excretion of amino acids in sweat (author's transl)]. / Aminosäurenverluste im menschlichen Schweiss. Einfluss von Hormoneinnahme, körperlichem Training und vom Geschlecht auf die Aminosäurenausscheidung im Schweiss.

UNLABELLED: With the aid of ion exchange column chromatography we determined quantitatively the free amino acids in thermal sweat of the total human body surface. Sweat of 60 healthy men and 63 healthy women (aged 18-31 years) collected during 12 min of sauna bathing was investigated. Thirty men and 31 women were well trained, 33 women were taking oral, hormonal contraceptives. Sweat was deproteinised by adding an equal volume of 5% sulphosalicylic acid. RESULTS: 1. The comparison of the women taking oral contraceptives with the women not taking oral contraceptives showed no qualitative or significant quantitative differences in the excretion of amino acids in thermal sweat collected from the total body surface. 2. The comparison of the trained women with the untrained women neither revealed qualitative or significant quantitative differences in the excretion of amino acids in thermal sweat collected from the total body surface. 3. As compared to the trained men, untrained men excreted in thermal sweat collected from the total body surface significantly more alanine, arginine, citrulline, cystine, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, phenylalanine, serine, threonine, tyrosine, and valine. 4. The sex-specific comparison of the amino acid excretion in sweat showed that men had a significantly increased excretion of cystine, histidine, leucine, and taurine. Proline was detected only in the sweat of women. 5. The quantitative results obtained for the amino acid excretions during 12 min of sauna bathing suggest that persons exposed to hard, physical activity and/or high environmental temperatures have quite equal amino acid losses in sweat and in 24 h urine.

[Low pressure trocar resection versus Iglesias suction resection]. / Trokarniederdruckresektion versus Iglesias-Saugresektion.

Trocar resection is superior to Iglesias' backwash resection. The main criteria on which this assessment is based are the larger operative specimen obtained, the shorter duration of the operation, and the much smaller intraoperative infiltration volume. This last was determined using a glycine irrigation solution, by measuring the increase in glycine in the serum by means of column chromatography. This showed that the intravesical irrigation pressure determines the absorption volume after opening of the venous sinus, while the duration of the resection and the volume of irrigation solution employed perioperatively are of less importance. In the case of alcohol-based irrigation solutions these results can be confirmed by measuring the "standby" alcohol in the respiratory air.

[Fructosamine reference ranges for pregnant patients and children determined using an improved NBT method]. / Fructosamin-Referenzbereiche für Schwangere und Kinder bestimmt mit einer verbesserten NBT-Methode.

Reference values for fructosamine in pregnancy show a decrease with progressing pregnancy, which can be explained by pregnancy-associated hemodilution. A normalization to 7.0 g/dl total protein leads to values independent of gestational age. For children and adolescents age-dependency of the reference range is abolished if values are related to total protein. More plausible values are obtained in longitudinal profiles if fluctuations of protein concentration are taken into account.

[Reference values of beta 2 microglobulin concentrations in the serum of children]. / Referenzwerte der beta 2-Mikroglobulin-Konzentration im Serum von Kindern.

Concentrations of beta 2-microglobulin were determined using a competitive enzyme immunoassay in blood serum of 271 "healthy" children (male = 156, female = 115). The concentration of beta 2-microglobulin in children is age dependent. The values of the newborn 2.84-3.38 mg/l (95% confidence interval) decrease till the first year and stabilize later on between 1.48-1.56 mg/l (95% confidence interval).

[Fluorescence polarization immunoassay, a new measuring technic in routine clinicochemical diagnosis of drug levels]. / Fluoreszenzpolarisations-Immunoassay, eine neue Messtechnik in der klinischchemischen Routinediagnostik von Medikamentenspiegeln.

Experiences in the determination of drugs with the fluorescence polarization immunoassay; within-run precision, between-run precision and accuracy control in a time of one year. Discussion of this immunoassay in relation with the enzyme immunoassay, the radioimmunoassay and the nephelometric inhibition immunoassay.

[Study on the determination of IgA, IgG, IgM, a1-antitrypsin, haptoglobin and transferrin with the kinetic nephelometric method. Comparison with the radial immunodiffusion method (author's transl)]. / Bestimmung der IgA-, IgG-, IgM-, a1-Antitrypsin-, Haptoglobin- und Transferrin-Konzentration im Serum mit der Methode der kinetischen Nephelometrie, Vergleich der Methoden kinetische Nephelometrie/radiale Immundiffusion.

The concentration of IgA, IgG, IgM, a1-antitrypsin, haptoglobin and transferrin was determined by the kinetic nephelometric method (Beckman immunochemistry analyzer) and by the radial immunodiffusion method (Behring partigen immunodiffusion plates). The investigation was carried out in 151 normal and pathological sera. The results obtained with the radial immunodiffusion method were for IgA, IgG and IgM in middle about 15%, for a1-antitrypsin about 50% and for haptoglobin about 80% higher as compared to the results determined with the kinetic nephelometric method. An acceptable correspondence between the two methods was found for the results of transferrin.

[Non-invasive determination of oxygen saturation with the oxygenmet pulse wave oximeter on fingers, metacarpus and wrist of infants. Comparison with the oxygen saturation calculated from the pH and pO2 of the blood gas analysis (author's transl)]. / Nichtinvasive Messung der Sauerstoffsättigung mit dem Oxygenmet-Oximeter an Fingern, Mittelhand und Handgelenk von Säuglingen. Vergleich mit der berechneten Sauerstoffsättigung aus pH und pO2 der Blutgasanalyse.

Oxygen saturation was determined non-invasively with the oxygenmet pulse wave oximeter 1471 and mathematically from the pH and pO2 of the blood gas analysis. The determination of the oxygen saturation by the aid of the oximetric method was carried out on fingers, metacarpus and wrist of 80 infants (male = 44, female = 36 - ages: 1 day - 1 year and 8 months). Blood gas analysis was done just behind the oximetric analysis and oxygen saturation was calculated from the pH and pO2. The comparison of the oxygen saturations determined non-invasively on fingers, metacarpus and wrist among themselves, showed no statistical significant differences. Also no statistical significant differences were observed between the results obtained with the pulse wave oximeter and the results calculated from the blood gas analysis. The comparison of the oxygen saturations determined with the oxygenmet oximeter (mean of fingers, metacarpus, wrist) with the oxygen saturations calculated from the blood gas analysis showed a very close correlation. The correlation coefficient was 0.930.

[Potential coulometry, a new methodology for the determination of iron concentration in serum. Comparison with the bathophenanthroline method in protein-free solution (author's transl)]. / Potential-Coulometrie, ein neues Verfahren zur Bestimmung der Eisenkonzentration im Serum. Vergleich mit der Bathophenanthrolin-Methode mit Enteiweissung.

Iron concentration was determined by the aid of the ESA Ferrochem 3050 analyzer and the bathophenanthroline method with deproteinization. Both methods showed a good precision and accuracy. The investigation was carried out in 505 sera with an iron concentration between 9 and 333 micrograms/dl. The comparison of the two methods in 360 sera with normal iron concentration (40-150 micrograms/dl) showed a close correlation (correlation coefficient r = 0.965). Close correlation (correlation coefficient r = 0.939) was also found in the 35 sera with increased iron concentration (150-333 micrograms/dl) and acceptable correlation (correlation coefficient r = 0.808) resulted in the 110 sera with decreased iron concentration (9-40 micrograms/dl). The special merits of the potential coulometric method were precision, quickness in the time of analysis and very small sample size (50 microliters), important for pediatric analyses.

[Determining the methotrexate concentration in serum with the fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA)--a comparison with the enzyme immunoassay (EMIT)]. / Bestimmung der Methotrexatkonzentration im Serum mit dem Fluoreszenz-Polarisations-Immunoassay (FPIA)--Vergleich mit dem Enzymimmunoassay (EMIT).

The determination of methotrexate in serum was performed by the fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA) and the enzyme immunoassay (EMIT). Both methods showed a good precision and accuracy. The investigation was carried out in 138 sera with a methotrexate concentration up to 1,400 mumol/l. The comparison of the two methods in 100 sera with a methotrexate concentration up to 5 mumol/l showed a good correlation (correlation coefficient r = 0.9798). Close correlation (correlation coefficient r = 0.9845) was also found in 38 sera with a methotrexate concentration between 5 and 1,400 mumol/l. Discussion of the FPIA and EMIT methods.

[Nephelometric inhibition immunoassay (NIIA), a new methodology for the determination of phenobarbital and phenytoin concentration in serum (author's transl)]. / Nephelometrischer Inhibitionsimmunoassay (NIIA), ein neues Verfahren zur Bestimmung der Phenobarbital- und Phenytoin-Konzentration im Serum. Vergleich mit der Enzymimmunoassay-Methode (EMIT).

Phenobarbital and phenytoin concentration was determined in serum by the aid of the nephelometric inhibition immunoassay (NIIA) and the homogeneous enzyme immunoassay (EMIT). Both methods showed a good precision and accuracy. The comparison of the two methods in 77 sera for phenobarbital (3--68 micrograms/ml) and 39 sera for phenytoin (1.3--44 micrograms/ml) showed a very close correlation. The correlation coefficient for phenobarbital was 0,9525 and for phenytoin 0,9714. The special merits of the NIIA-method were precision, less of interference and low costs in reagent material.

[Polarographic determination of glucose concentration in cerebrospinal fluid of children (author's transl)]. / Polarographische Bestimmung der Glukose-Konzentration im Liquor des Kindes

UNLABELLED: Uing the Beckman gluxose analyzer, glucose concentration was determined polarographically in cerebrospinal fluid of 160 boys and 115 girls (ages 1 month-14 years). On the basis of clinical criterions these children were considered to be "healthy". The total number of examined children was 1668. RESULTS: The distribution of the glucose concentration in cerebrospinal fluid was normal. The following values were obtained for the boys and girls: Boys (ages 1-12 months) = 57,0 +/- 13,7 mg/100 ml, girls (ages 1-12 months) = 57,0 +/- 10,4 mg/100 ml, boys (ages 1-14 years) + 63,0 +/- 12,5 mg/100 ml, girls (ages 1-14 years) = 61,5 +/- 12,2 mg/100 ml. No statistical sex-specific differences were observed, but the age-specific investigation revealed that the group of older boys had a statistical higher concentration of glucose in cerebrospinal fluid as compared to the group of younger boys.

[Sex-specific differences in free, inorganic sulfate excretion in 24 hours urine of healthy children (author's transl)]. / Geschlechtsspezifische Unterschiede der Ausscheidung von freiem, anorganischem Sulfat im 24-h-Harn von gesunden Kindern.

UNLABELLED: Free, inorganic sulfate was determined quantitatively in the 24 h urine of 65 boys and 53 girls (age 6--14 years). The determination of sulfate was carried out by the aid of the spectrophotometric method with barium chloranilate. RESULTS: The following values were obtained for the boys and girls: Boys (ages 6--10 years) 17,66 +/- 11,70 mmol/24 h, girls (6--10 years) 10,70 +/- 10,26 mmol/24 h, boys (10--14 years) 17,40 +/- 12,32 mmol/24 h, girls (10-14 years) 7,26 +/- 8,90 mmol/24 h. No statistical age-specific differences were observed, but the sex-specific investigation revealed that the younger and older boys had a statistical higher excretion of sulfate in 24 h urine as compared to the younger and older girls.

[Effect of oral contraceptives on the serum protein pattern]. / Einfluss der oralen Kontrazeptiva auf das Eiweissbild im Serum.

PIP: 33 men and 47 women (18 who used oral contraceptives and 29 who did not) were tested after not having eaten for at least 13 hours to determine the effect of oral contraceptive use on albumin fractions in the blood. This was measured by means of a microzone-electrophoresis system which electrophoretically separated the albumin, alpha1-, alpha2-, beta-, and gamma-globulins. The tests showed that the concentration of albumin was significantly higher among women using oral contraceptives than among men. The concentration of gamma-globulin was significantly higher among the women who did not use oral contraceptives than among men. There were no significant differences between the 2 groups of women.^ieng

[Sex-specific differences in the free amino acids in adult urine (author's transl)]. / Geschlechtsspezifische Unterschiede der freien Aminosäuren im Urin von Erwachsenen.

PIP: The concentration of free amino acids was determined in the 24-hour urine of 33 healthy men (21-43 years old) and in 69 healthy women (18-46 years old). 30 of the women were using oral hormonal contraceptives. Urine was deproteinized by adding an equal volume of 50 gm/l of sulphosalicylic acid. Amino acids were separated by ion exchange column chromatography. Compared with the male group, those women not using oral contraceptives showed significantly lower values for arginine, histidine, phosphoethanolamine, and valine: a significantly higher value was noted for glycine. Those females taking oral contraceptives showed lower values for arginine, ornithine, phosphoethanolamine, tyrosine, and valine in comparison to the males. In comparison to the women not taking contraceptives, those who did showed a lower value only for glycine. Calculation of excretion of free amino acids per kilogram of body weight showed a significantly higher statistical difference in glycine for those women not taking contraceptives as compared with the males and those females taking contraceptives. All other amino acids showed constant patterns with no sex-specific differences.^ieng

[Reference values for the concentrations of triiodothyronine, thyroxine and thyrotropin in the blood serum of euthyroid children. Method: luminescence-enhanced enzyme immunoassay]. / Referenzwerte für die Konzentration von Trijodthyronin, Thyroxin und Thyreotropin im Blutserum euthyreoter Kinder. Methode: Lumineszenz-verstärkter Enzymimmunoassay.

Concentrations of triiodothyronine, thyroxine and thyrotropin were determined using the luminescence enhanced enzyme immunoassay method in blood serum of 343 (male = 197, female = 146) euthyroid children. Beyond the newborn age no significant difference was found for the thyrotropin concentration. Compilation of the values resulted in a physiological thyrotropin concentration of 1.73 +/- 0.81 (1s) microU/ml for infants, children and juveniles. In opposition to these results the thyroxine and triiodothyronine concentration showed an age-specific dependence. The thyroxine and triiodothyronine concentrations (means +/- 1s) decreased continuously from the infant age (TT4: 182.1 +/- 37.7 ng/ml, 234.9 +/- 48.6 nmol/l, TT3: 1.77 +/- 0.57 ng/ml, 2.73 +/- 0.88 nmol/l) to the juvenile age (TT4: 77.9 +/- 14.3 ng/ml, 100.5 +/- 18.4 nmol/l, TT3: 1.25 +/- 0.31 ng/ml, 1.93 +/- 0.48 nmol/l). The luminescence enhanced enzyme immunoassay technique is suitable for use in the routine thyroid laboratory.

[Determination of C-reactive protein in serum using a fluorescence polarization immunoassay--comparison with the method of kinetic nephelometry (KNM)]. / Bestimmung des C-reaktiven Proteins (CRP) im Serum mit dem Fluoreszenz-Polarisations-Immunoassay (FPIA)--Vergleich mit der Methode der kinetischen Nephelometrie (KNM).

The determination of CRP in serum was performed by the fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA) and the kinetic nephelometry (KNM). Both methods showed a good precision and accuracy. The investigation was carried out in 190 sera with a CRP concentration up to 49 mg/dl. The comparison of the two methods in 100 sera with a CRP concentration between 0.6 and 5 mg/dl showed a good correlation (correlation coefficient r = 0.9753). Close correlation (correlation coefficient r = 0.9947) was also found in 90 sera with a CRP concentration between 5 and 49 mg/dl. Discussion of the FPIA and KNM methods.