Nutritional status as a predictor of the incidence of pressure injury in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

AIM: Pressure injuries are a significant health care problem worldwide, and many factors influence their occurrence and development. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to investigate the role of nutritional status in the development rate of pressure injuries as a potentially modifiable risk factor. METHODS: Study designs included cohort (prospective and retrospective), case-control, and RCTs if the association between nutrition status and pressure injuries was reported. Databases searched included: PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library on April 20th, 2022. The data were analyzed using OR and random effect model in Revman5.3 and STATA 15 Software. Report this systematic review and meta-analysis according to the PRISMA 2020 statement. RESULTS: A total of 22 separate studies were retained in this systematic review. Of these, 16 articles were included in the meta-analysis. Three studies were assessed as low risk and sixteen as a moderate risk of bias. All RCTs were B quality. The odds ratio of the incidence of pressure injuries in malnourished and non-malnourished patients was 3.66(95% CI: 2.77-4.83). In the three RCTs studies(n = 870), the odds ratio of the incidence of pressure ulcers in patients with standard nutrition to those with specific nutritional interventions was 1.35(95%CI:1.02-1.78). CONCLUSIONS: This systematic review and meta-analysis showed that nutritional status is significantly associated with pressure injuries. Malnutrition can increase the incidence of pressure injuries, and specific nutritional interventions can reduce the incidence of pressure injuries compared to standard nutrition.

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy plus intensity-modulated radiotherapy versus neoadjuvant chemotherapy plus concurrent chemoradiotherapy for ascending or descending types of nasopharyngeal carcinoma: A retrospective study.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to compare the efficacy between neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) plus intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) and NACT plus concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data from 603 patients with ascending (T4 and N0-1) or descending (T1-2&N3) NPC who were treated at Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center between October 2009 and February 2012 were retrospectively analyzed. These patients were divided into two groups: NACT+IMRT (n = 302) and NACT+CCRT (n = 301). The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS), which was analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method, log-rank test, Cox proportional hazards model, and landmark analysis. RESULTS: In univariate analysis, there was no significant difference in 5-year OS between the NACT+IMRT and NACT+CCRT groups (hazard ration [HR]: 0.69; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.47-1.01; P = 0.057). However, after adjustment for age (<45 years, ≥45 years), gender, histological stage (I/II, III), T stage (1/2, 3, 4), and N stage (0/1, 2/3), NACT+IMRT was more effective in improving OS, with a 33% decrease in the risk of death than NACT+CCRT (HR: 0.67; 95%CI: 0.45-0.99). Furthermore, landmark analysis indicated that patients in the NACT+IMRT group had higher OS rates within 24 months (HR: 1.83; 95%CI: 1.00-3.34), whereas those treated with NACT+CCRT had higher OS rates after 24 months (HR, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.29-0.77). We also found significant survival benefits of NACT+IMRT regimen in patients younger than 45 years old (HR: 0.27; 95%CI: 0.14-0.49), and in those at stage T3 (HR: 0.50; 95%CI: 0.27-0.93) and stage N2/3 (HR: 0.52; 95%CI: 0.32-0.83). CONCLUSION: Patients with ascending or descending NPC who are treated with NACT+IMRT may have better long-term survival outcomes than those treated with NACT+CCRT, especially the patients younger than 45 years old or in stage T3/N2/N3. Additionally, NACT+IMRT may be a better option than NACT+CCRT in patients within the first 24 months.

A Rare Case of Nasolacrimal Duct Partial Obstruction After Extraction of an Impacted Maxillary Canine.

The main complications of tooth extraction include jaw fracture, maxillary sinus damage, adjacent teeth damage, nerve damage, root fracture, infection, bleeding, and swelling. Despite the theoretical possibility that tooth extraction could result in nasolacrimal duct obstruction, to the best of our knowledge, no cases have yet been reported. In the present study, we describe a case in which the nasolacrimal duct was partially obstructed after extraction of an impacted maxillary canine, causing paranasal discomfort and lower eyelid swelling.

Catalytic solid substrate-room temperature phosphorimetry for the determination of residual perphenazine based on the electronic effect of rhodamine 6G.

The rhodamine 6G(+) -perphenazine (Rhod 6G(+) -PPH) compound is formed in the ester-exchange reaction between -OH of PPH and -COOC2 H5 of Rhod 6G(+) . PPH was oxidized to a red compound (PPH') in the presence of K2 S2 O8 . Interestingly, the room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) of Rhod 6G(+) was quenched because the -OH of PPH' reacted with -COOC2 H5 of Rhod 6G(+) -PPH to form Rhod 6G(+) -PPH' and PPH, which decreased the π-electron density (δ) of the carbon atom in the Rhod 6G(+) -PPH' conjugated system and enhanced the nonradiation energy loss of the excited Rhod 6G(+) of the triplet state. The PPH content was directly proportional to the ΔIp of the system. Thus, a new catalytic solid-substrate room temperature phosphorimetry (SSRTP) method was established for the determination of PPH. The method had high sensitivity (the limit of detection was 0.019 fg/spot, corresponding to a concentration of 4.8 × 10(-14) g/mL; the sampling quantity was 0.40 µL/spot), good selectivity, convenience and speed. The analytical results were in accordance with those of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The structures of Rhod 6G(+) , PPH and Rhod 6G(+) -PPH were characterized by infrared spectra. The reaction mechanism by which PPH was determined is discussed.

Refining and psychometric evaluation of the falling risk assessment tool in ophthalmology inpatients.

AIMS: The aim of this study was to refine the Falling Risk Assessment Tool in Ophthalmology Inpatients (FRAT) and assess its psychometric properties. DESIGN: A cross-sectional design was used. METHODS: A convenience sample of 730 patients in the ophthalmology department was recruited in a level A tertiary hospital in Guangdong Province from July 2021 to January 2022. Data were analysed using item analysis, interrater reliability, content validation, internal consistency reliability and exploratory factor analysis. RESULTS: Five factors were extracted, accounting for 63.039% of the variance. The interrater reliability of the tool was 0.97. Cronbach's α was 0.658. The I-CVI was 0.75-1.00, the S-CVI/UA was 0.95 and the adjusted mean values of Kappa for indicators ranged from 0.72 to 1.00, as evaluated by the expert group. The FRAT showed satisfactory reliability and validity, and can be used to measure the fall risk assessment in ophthalmology inpatients. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION: After explaining the purpose, the patients received our fall risk assessment and answered the corresponding questionnaire questions.

Determination of trace human chorionic gonadotropin by using multiwall carbon nanotubes as phosphorescence labeling reagent.

Taking advantage of the cutting effect of the strong oxidation of benzoyl peroxide [(C(6)H(5)CO)(2)O(2)] on the end of multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) to obtain water-soluble multiwall nanotubes (MWNTs') and the spiking effect of polyacrylamide (PA) on the room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) of MWNTs', a new phosphorescent labeling reagent, MWNTs'-PA, has been developed in this study. The product ß-Ab(HCG)-MWNTs'-PA obtained by MWNTs'-PA labeling human chorionic gonadotropin-ß-subunit three-dimensional core monoclonal antibody (ß-Ab(HCG)) not only could maintain good RTP characteristics of MWNTs' but also could take specific immunoreaction with ß-HCG to form ß-HCG- ß-Ab(HCG)-MWNTs'-PA, resulting in the increase of MWNTs' RTP signal. Thus, a new solid substrate room temperature phosphorescence immunoassay (SSRTPIA) for the determination of ß-HCG has been established. The limits of detection (LODs) of the new method were 0.021pgspot(-1) for the direct way at 447/615nm (λ(ex)(max)/λ(em)(max)) and 0.016pgspot(-1) for the sandwich way at 447/614nm (λ(ex)(max)/λ(em)(max)). This sensitive, accurate, and precise method was used to determine ß-HCG and diagnose human diseases by the direct way or the sandwich way, with the results coinciding with those obtained by chemiluminescence immunoassay. Meanwhile, the mechanisms of MWNTs' labeling ß-Ab(HCG) and determining ß-HCG are also discussed.

Selective determination of cysteine using BSA-stabilized gold nanoclusters with red emission.

Gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) were synthesized by a macromolecules template using bovine serum albumin (BSA) as stabilizer which can emit red photoluminescence under illumination of ultraviolet light. The fluorescence intensity of AuNCs enhanced through decreasing the surface defects of AuNCs modified with cysteine, herein we present a novel fluorometry for determination of trace cysteine. This method with a wider linear range from 2.0 to 800 nmol mL(-1), higher sensitivity (detection limit was 1.2 nmol mL(-1)) and better selectivity has been utilized to determine cysteine content in real samples, and the results were in a good agreement with those determined by electrochemical biosensor. At the same time, the structures of AuNCs and AuNCs-cysteine were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and the mechanism of the proposed assay for the detection of cysteine has been discussed.

Highly selective and sensitive detection of Cu2+ with lysine enhancing bovine serum albumin modified-carbon dots fluorescent probe.

Based on the ability of lysine (Lys) to enhance the fluorescence intensity of bovine serum albumin modified-carbon dots (CDs-BSA) to decrease surface defects and quench fluorescence of the CDs-BSA-Lys system in the presence of Cu(2+) under conditions of phosphate buffer (PBS, pH = 5.0) at 45 °C for 10 min, a sensitive Lys enhancing CDs-BSA fluorescent probe was designed. The environment-friendly, simple, rapid, selective and sensitive fluorescent probe has been utilized to detect Cu(2+) in hair and tap water samples and it achieved consistent results with those obtained by inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS). The mechanism of the proposed assay for the detection of Cu(2+) is discussed.

Highly sensitive detection of residual chlorpromazine hydrochloride with solid substrate room temperature phosphorimetry.

Under the condition of 60 °C and 20 min at pH 6.12, chlorpromazine hydrochloride (CPZ) could react with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) to produce FITC-CPZ, which increased the π-electron density (δ) of carbon atom in FITC conjugated system and the room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) intensity of FITC. Thus, a new solid substrate room temperature phosphorimetry (SSRTP) for the determination of residual CPZ was established. The regression equation of working curve was ΔI (p) = 4.254 + 7.906 m(CPZ) (ag spot(-1)) with the correlation coefficient (r) of 0.9990 in the range of 0.036-9.6 ag spot(-1) (corresponding concentration: 0.090-24 fg ml(-1), sample volume: 0.40 µl spot(-1)), and the detection limit (LD) was 0.018 ag spot(-1) (corresponding concentration: 4.5 × 10(-17) g ml(-1)). This method with wide linear range and high sensitivity was not only used to diagnose human disease based on the correlation between the residual quantity and lethal dose of CPZ in human serum, but also used to determine residual CPZ in biological samples with the results consisting with those obtained by gas chromatography (GC), showing good accuracy. The constituent of FITC-CPZ was analyzed by GC-MS (mass spectrometry) and the reaction mechanism of SSRTP for the determination of trace CPZ was also discussed.

Catalytic solid substrate-room-temperature phosphorimetry detection for trace cadmium with Cd2+ -3.5-generation polyamidoamine dendrimer-Tween-80 complex.

3.5-Generation polyamidoamine dendrimers (3.5-G-D) emitted strong and stable room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) on filter paper when Pb2+ was used as a heavy atom perturber. The RTP signal of 3.5-G-D was sharply enhanced upon the formation of 3.5-G-D-Tween-80 micelle compound. The complex Cd2+ -3.5-G-D-Tween-80, generated in the coordination reaction between Cd2+ and the tertiary amidocyanogen on the outer layer of 3.5-G-D in 3.5-G-D-Tween-80 micelle compound, could catalyze KBrO3 to oxidize 3.5-G-D in 3.5-G-D-Tween-80, which caused the sharp quenching of the RTP signal of the system. The phosphorescence intensity change (ΔI(p) ) of the system had a linear relationship with the content of Cd2+. Thus a new catalytic solid substrate-room-temperature phosphorimetry (SS-RTP) for the determination of trace cadmium has been established. This highly selective and sensitive method has been applied to determine trace cadmium in biological samples with a limit of detection (LD) of 1.2 ag per spot (when the sample volume was 0.4 µL per spot, the corresponding concentration was 3.0 × 10(-15) g mL(-1) ), the results agreeing with those obtained by atomic absorption spectrometry. The mechanism of catalytic SS-RTP for the determination of trace cadmium was also discussed.

Determination of trace gastrin and diagnosis of human diseases using CdTe quantum dots labelled gastrin antibodies as phosphorescence sensors.

CdTe quantum dots (CdTe-QDs) can emit strong and stable room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) via the perturbation effect of a Pb(2+) ion on the surface of a nitrocellulose membrane (NCM). CdTe-QDs-Ab(GAS), the product of CdTe-QDs labelled gastrin antibodies (Ab(GAS)), can not only maintain good RTP characteristics, but can also be used as a RTP sensor and carry out highly specific immunoreactions with gastrin (GAS) to form GAS-Ab(GAS)-CdTe-QDs causing the ΔI(p) of the system to sharply enhance. Thus, a new solid substrate room temperature phosphorescence immunoassay (SSRTPIA) for the determination of GAS was established based on the linear relativity between the ΔI(p) of the system and the content of GAS. The limit of quantification (LOQ) of this method was 0.43 fg spot(-1) with the corresponding concentration being 1.1 × 10(-12) g mL(-1) and sampling quantity being 0.40 per spot(-1). This highly specific, accurate, selective and sensitive RTP sensor has been applied to the determination of GAS in biological samples and the diagnosis of diseases, and the results agreed well with those obtained by radioimmunometric assay (RIA). Meanwhile, the mechanism of SSRTPIA for the determination of GAS using CdTe-QDs-Ab(GAS) as the RTP sensor was discussed.

Determination of trace deoxyribonucleic acid by using fluorescein isothiocyanate-phenosafranine as a double-luminescent phosphorescence probe.

Using Pb(2+) as ion perturber, phenosafranine (PF) and fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) could emit strong and stable room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) signal on the filter paper, respectively. When they were mixed, the phenomenon that the RTP signal of PF and FITC enhanced significantly was found. And 1.12 ag DNA spot(-1) (sample volume was 0.40 µL, corresponding concentration was 2.8 × 10(-15) g mL(-1)) could cause the RTP signal of both PF and FITC to enhance sharply. The content of DNA was proportional to the ΔI(p) of PF and FITC in the system at 634 and 659 nm. Thus, a new solid substrate room temperature phosphorimetry (SSRTP) for the determination of trace DNA was established by using FITC-PF as double-luminescent phosphorescence probe. The detection limit (LD) of this method calculated by 3S(b)/k was 14 zg DNA spot(-1) for PF and 18 zg DNA spot(-1) for FITC, respectively, showing high sensitivity. It has been applied to the determination of trace DNA in practical samples and the analysis results were in accordance with those of fluorescence probe. The reaction mechanism of SSRTP for the determination of trace DNA was also discussed.

Determination of trace carvedilol by solid substrate-room temperature phosphorimetry, based on its activating effect on hypochlorite-oxidizing amaranth using sodium dodecyl benzene sulphonate as sensitizer.

This work proposes a simple and sensitive solid substrate-room temperature phosphorimetry (SS-RTP) for the selective determination of carvedilol (CV). The method is based on the sensitizing effect of sodium dodecyl benzene sulphonate (SDBS) on CV to activate the oxidation between NaClO and amaranth, resulting in the intense quenching of room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) of the system. Compared with non-SDBS system, the reduction of phosphorescence intensity (ΔI(p)) with SDBS is 16.5 times higher and is directly proportional to the content of CV, covering a wide range 0.080-16.00 fg/spot. The regression equation of the working curve can be expressed as ΔI(p) = 0.7780 + 7.057 m(CV) (fg/spot) (correlation coefficient (r) = 0.9976, n = 8), with a detection limit (LD) of 0.020 fg/spot (corresponding concentration is 5.1 × 10(-14) g/mL, sample volume is 0.40 µL/spot). This sensitive method has also been applied to determine trace CV in human plasma and the results agreed with synchronous fluorimetry (SF). The activation energy (E) and rate constant (k) of this activating reaction were 69.04 kJ/mol and 3.580 × 10(-4) s(-1), respectively. The reaction mechanism is also discussed.

Fullerol-fluorescein isothiocyanate phosphorescent labeling reagent for the determination of glucose and alkaline phosphatase.

The active -OH group in fullerol (F-ol) could react with the dissociated -COOH group in fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) to form F-ol-(FITC)(n), which could emit room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) signal of F-ol and FITC on acetate cellulose membrane (ACM), respectively. Their RTP signals were enhanced by N,N-dimethylaniline (DMA). The labeling reaction between the -NCS group of FITC in DMA-F-ol-(FITC)(n) and the -NH2 group in wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) produced DMA-F-ol-(FITC)(n)-WGA, which could further take affinity adsorption (AA) reaction with bioactive substances (BS), such as glucose and alkaline phosphatase (AP), to produce DMA-F-ol-(FITC)(n)-WGA-BS. Both of these two products could maintain the good RTP characteristics of F-ol and FITC. Based on the facts above, a new phosphorescent labeling reagent, DMA-F-ol-FITC, was developed, and a new affinity adsorption solid substrate room temperature phosphorimetry (AASSRTP) for the determination of BS was established. This method was applied to the determination of BS in human serum and the diagnosis of diseases, with the results agreeing very well with those of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The mechanism of DMA-F-ol-(FITC)(n) labeling of WGA and AASSRTP for the determination of BS is discussed.

A Network Pharmacology Approach to Investigate the Active Compounds and Mechanisms of Musk for Ischemic Stroke.

OBJECTIVES: This study aims to study the material basis and effective mechanism of musk for ischemic stroke (IS) based on the network pharmacology approach. METHODS: We collected the chemical components and target gene of musk from the BATMAN-TCM analytical platform and identified ischemic stroke-related targets from the following databases: DisGeNET, NCBI-Gene, HPO, OMIM, DrugBank, and TTD. The targets of musk and IS were uploaded to the String database to construct the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, and then, the key targets were analyzed by topological methods. At last, the function biological process and signaling pathways of key targets were carried out by Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis and cluster analysis by using the Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) server and Metascape platform. RESULTS: A total of 29 active compounds involving 1081 predicted targets were identified in musk and there were 1104 IS-related targets. And 88 key targets of musk for IS were obtained including AKT1, MAPK1/3, TP53, TNF, SRC, FOS, CASP3, JUN, NOS3, and IL1B. The GO and KEGG enrichment analysis suggested that these key targets are mainly involved in multiple pathways which participated in TNF signaling pathway, estrogen signaling pathway, prolactin signaling pathway, neurotrophin signaling pathway, T-cell receptor signaling pathway, cAMP signaling pathway, FoxO signaling pathway, and HIF1 signaling pathway. CONCLUSION: This study revealed that the effective mechanisms of musk against IS would be associated with the regulation of apoptosis, inflammatory response, and gene transcription.

Association of antibiotic exposure with the mortality in metastatic colorectal cancer patients treated with bevacizumab-containing chemotherapy: A hospital-based retrospective cohort study.

BACKGROUND: Preclinical studies showed that antibiotic exposure played a role in clinical outcomes in patients with chemotherapy via modulation of microbiota. However, it remains unknown whether antibiotic exposure during the bevacizumab therapy affects the clinical outcomes in metastatic colorectal cancer(mCRC) patients. This study aimed to examine the association between the antibiotic medication and the clinical outcomes in mCRC patients with bevacizumab therapy. METHODS: This retrospective cohort analysis included 147 mCRC patients treated with bevacizumab. The hazard ratio of death was estimated using three Cox proportional hazards models with (1) never vs ever; (2) never vs 1-6 days and 7-40 days;(3) increase per day, and further tested using propensity score matching (PSM) and landmark analysis. A smooth curve technique was used to explore the shape of dose-response relationship. RESULTS: Compared with the non-antibiotic group, antibiotic exposure was inversely associated with the mortality in the antibiotic group after adjustment for demographic and other potential confounders (a history of medication: HR, 0.650(95%CI: 0.360 to 1.173); an increase per day: HR, 0.967(CI: 0.924 to 1.011); 1-6 days: HR, 0.859(CI: 0.441 to 1.674); 7-40 days: HR, 0.474(CI: 0.225 to 0.999); P for trend = 0.040). A test for the interaction between sex was statistically significant (p = 0.016). A similar result was found as measured by landmark and PSM analysis. Significant negative dose-response relationship was shown by smooth curve analysis in the male patients but not female after adjustment for confounders(p = 0.028). No association was found between the antibiotic medication and adverse events of bevacizumab. CONCLUSION: Antibiotic exposure could be inversely associated with the mortality in mCRC patients treated with bevacizumab.

Auricular Acupressure Helps Alleviate Xerostomia in Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients: A Pilot Study.

BACKGROUND: Xerostomia is one of the most common complaints in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients. This problem contributes to excess fluid intake and results in poor survival outcome. Based on Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) theory and literature studies, the authors have been practicing auricular acupressure therapy (AAT) to help patients with xerostomia. This pilot study was conducted to demonstrate the potential of AAT for xerostomia in MHD patients. METHODS: Eligible subjects who agreed to participate in this study were recruited and provided with AAT for 4 weeks. The Summated Xerostomia Inventory (SXI), as well as measurement of inter-dialytic weight gain (IDWG), daily inter-dialytic weight gain (daily IDWG), percentage of inter-dialytic weight gain (IDWG%), blood pressure, and biochemical parameters, were completed at baseline and after a 4-week intervention. RESULTS: A total of 26 eligible participants were recruited. Of them, 10 men and 16 women (Mage = 52.92 ± 11.80 years; dialysis vintage 81.86 ± 46.05 months) completed the study. After the 4-week AAT intervention, the SXI scores were significantly decreased compared with baseline (from 10.08 ± 2.26 to 9.04 ± 2.14; p < 0.05). However, the IDWG, daily IDWG, IDWG%, blood pressure, and biochemical parameters did not change significantly after the intervention. CONCLUSION: This study provides preliminary evidence that AAT may be effective in reducing xerostomia intensity for MHD patients.

Solid-substrate room-temperature phosphorescence immunoassay based on an antibody labeled with nanoparticles containing dibromofluorescein luminescent molecules and analytical application.

Luminescent 20-nm silicon dioxide nanoparticles containing dibromofluorescein (D; particles denoted D-SiO(2)) were synthesized by the sol-gel method. In the presence of Pb(Ac)(2) as a heavy atom perturber, the particle can emit the intense and stable room temperature phosphorescence(RTP) signal on a polyamide membrane at the wavelength of lambdaex(max)/lambdaem(max) = 460/623 nm for D. Our research indicates that the specific immune reaction between goat-anti-human IgG antibody labeled with D-SiO(2) and human IgG can be carried out quantitatively on a polyamide membrane, and the phosphorescence intensity was evidently enhanced after the immunoreaction. Thus a new solid substrate-room temperature phosphorescence immunoassay (SS-RTP-IA) for determination of human IgG was established. The linear range of this method is 0.0624-20.0 pg spot(-1) of human IgG (corresponding to a concentration range of 0.156-50.0 ng ml(-1), sample volume: 0.40 microl spot(-1)). The regression equation of the working curve is DeltaIp = 94.39 + 17.00 m IgG (pg spot(-1)) (460/623 nm, r = 0.9998). Detection limit calculated as 3 Sb/k is 0.015 pg spot(-1). After elevenfold replicate measurement, RSD are 3.2% and 2.4% for samples containing 0.156 and 50.0 ng l(-1) IgG, respectively. This method is sensitive, accurate, and of high precision. And it has been applied to the determination of IgG in human serum with satisfactory results. Meanwhile, the mechanism of SS-RTP-IA based on an antibody labeled with nanoparticles containing dibromofluorescein luminescent molecules was discussed.

Fullerol-fluorescein isothiocyanate-concanavalin agglutinin phosphorescent sensor for the detection of alpha-fetoprotein and forecast of human diseases.

Based on the reaction of the active -OH group in fullerol (F) with the dissociated -COOH group in fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) to form an F-FITC and the enhanced effect of N, N-dimethylaniline (DMA) on phosphorescence signal of F-FITC, a new phosphorescent labeling reagent (DMA-F-FITC) was developed. What's more, a phosphorescent sensor for the determination of alpha-fetoprotein variant (AFP-V) has been designed via the coupling technique of the high sensitivity for affinity adsorption-solid substrate-room temperature phosphorimetry (AA-SS-RTP) with the strong specificity reaction between DMA-F-FITC-Con A and AFP-V. The DMA-F-FITC increased the number of luminescent molecules in the biological target which improved the sensitivity of phosphorescent sensor. The proposed sensor was responsive, simple, selective and sensitive, and it has been applied to the determination of trace AFP-V in human serum and the forecast of human diseases using phosphorescence emission wavelength of F or FITC, with the results agreed well with those obtained by enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA). Meanwhile, the mechanisms for the labeling reaction and the sensing detection of AFP-V were discussed.

Research on the spectral properties of luminescent carbon dots.

This paper is trying to research the developing status of carbon dots (CDs), and the results show that the simple, rapid and high yield synthetic methods for CDs and the application of CDs in biological science and analysis field will certainly become an inevitable development trend in the future. The CDs obtained by microwave possess excellent optical properties including UV-Vis absorption, fluorescence and room temperature phosphorescence. Under the conditions of 30 °C and 10 min, the fluorescence signal (F) of CDs not only could be enhanced by hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), Triton X-100, Na(2)S, Na(2)C(2)O(4) and NH(3).H(2)O, but also could be quenched by sodium dodecyl sulfate, KBrO(3), K(2)S(2)O(8), NaIO(4), ascorbic acid, NaBH(4), HNO(3), HCl, H(2)SO(4), CH(3)COOH and most metal ions, with the λ(em)(max) blue or red shifting in varying degrees, indicating the potential values of CDs in analytical application. Besides, the sensitive response of F to pH showed the promise of developing a new pH sensor with CDs.