A Layered Aluminophosphate [C17H21N2]3[Al3(PO4)4]·5H2O with Fluorescent Property Derived from Carbazolyl-Modified Template.

Designing and innovating organic structure-directing agents is the key to synthesizing novel molecular sieve structures. Herein, we design a novel carbazolyl-modified template and further synthesize a two-dimensional layered aluminophosphate with [C17H21N2]3[Al3(PO4)4]·5H2O (denoted as ZHKU-2). ZHKU-2 is composed of AA-stacked [Al3P4O16]3- layers constructed from alternating AlO4 and PO3(=O) tetrahedrons to form a 4.6.8 network featured by capped six-ring secondary building units. Carbazolyl-templated ZHKU-2 exhibits strong purple fluorescence with a high quantum yield of 25.98%. This work expands aluminophosphate materials of the [Al3P4O16]3- family and provides a view for synthesizing new molecular sieves by exploring the organic luminescence structure-directing agents.

Substituent Dependence on Series of Cationic Gyroidal MOFs in utc-c Topology with High CO2 Affinity and Ultrahigh Anionic Dye Adsorption Capacity.

A substituent decorating strategy for modification of the functional cavity is of great importance in the design of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). Herein, three new isostructural cationic MOFs, [Cu3(Xpip)2]·NO3·nH2O (Xpip stands for X-substituted phenylimidazophenanthroline, where X = adm (SCNU-2), f (SCNU-3), and none for SCNU-4), have been successfully synthesized and shown gyroidal utc-c topology and large pore sizes which can be adjusted by different substituents (-N(CH3)2, -F, and -H). Interestingly, the differences of the substituents (sizes and proton donor/acceptor) show essential effects on the adsorption abilities of carbon dioxide and dyes, where SCNU-4 exhibits the highest CO2 affinity and the biggest adsorption capacity for anionic dyes Fluorescein Sodium, and SCNU-3 adsorbs the largest amount (1503.6 mg/g) of Acid Fuchsin to date for the reported porous materials. The detailed studies in adsorption kinetics, adsorption isotherms, and theoretical calculation of the binding energies between the structures and dye molecules confirm that the electric properties of the frameworks (cationic) and substituents directed to the pore surface are two important factors dramatically affecting the selective dye adsorption.

A Mononuclear Iron(II) Spin-Crossover Molecule Decorated by Photochromic Azobenzene Group.

Aiming at constructing photoresponsive spin crossover (SCO) behavior, herein we designed a new ligand Abtz (Abtz = (E)-N-(4-((E)-phenyldiazenyl)phenyl)-1-(thiazol-4-yl)methanimine) which was decorated by a photochromic azobenzene group. Based on this photochromic ligand, a mononuclear Fe(II) SCO molecule [Fe(Abtz)3](BF4)2·(EAC)2 (1, EAC = ethyl acetate) was successfully synthesized and showed a complete one-step SCO behavior. Under continuous UV light and blue-light exposure, the cis-trans photoisomerization of both ligand Abtz and compound 1 in the liquid phase was confirmed through UV-Vis spectra. Moreover, the 1H-NMR spectra of Abtz reveal a trans-cis conversion ratio of 37%. Although the UV-Vis spectra reveal the photochromic behavior for 1 in the solution phase, the SCO behavior in the liquid state is absent according to the variable-temperature Evans method, suggesting the possible decomposition. Moreover, in the solid state, the cis-trans photoisomerization of both Abtz and 1 was not observed, due to the steric hindrance.

Work engagement as a mediator between organizational commitment and job satisfaction among community health-care workers in China: a cross-sectional study.

The purpose of this study was to explore levels of organizational commitment, job satisfaction and work engagement among community health-care workers in China, and to examine spatial relationships of variables. Data were collected by Organizational Commitment Scale, Job Satisfaction Scale and Utrecht Work Engagement Scale from 1404 community health-care workers in Guangzhou and Shenzhen cities. Structural equation model was used to analyze relationships among three variables. Medium levels of organizational commitment, job satisfaction and work engagement were found among community health-care workers. Organizational commitment was positively correlated to work engagement (r = 0.564) and job satisfaction (r = 0.550). The path analysis indicated that total effect (ß = 0.598) of organizational commitment on job satisfaction (R2 = 0.52) consisted of a direct effect (ß = 0.264) and an indirect effect (ß = 0.334), which was mediated positively by work engagement. Improvement in work engagement may lead to higher level of job satisfaction and organizational commitment.

Prevalence and related factors of depression and falls among the elderly living in rural communities of Guangzhou.

Few studies have concentrated on the prevalence and related factors of depression and falls among the elderly living in rural communities of Guangzhou. A total of 335 participants aged ≥60 years were recruited by simple random sampling method. A structural equation model was applied to determine interrelationships between depression, falls and other variables. As high as 27.5% and 23.3% participants had reported depressive symptoms and falls, respectively. The path analysis showed the total effect (ß = -0.58) of depression on quality of life (QOL) consisted of a direct effect (ß = -0.51) and an indirect effect (ß = -0.07), which was mediated by family function and number of falls, and the R2 was 0.36. The model fit indices were χ2/df = 1.096, P > 0.05, Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA) = 0.017, Tucker-Lewis Index (TLI) = 0.998 and Comparative Fit Index (CFI) = 0.999. Depression and falls were prevalent among the elderly living in rural communities of Guangzhou city. Pay attention to strengthen family function and prevent falls may prevent depression and improve the QOL among the elderly.

Crystal and Band-Gap Engineering of One-Dimensional Antimony/Bismuth-Based Organic-Inorganic Hybrids.

Hybrid halide perovskites are emerging semiconducting materials with a diverse set of remarkable optoelectronic properties. Besides the widely studied lead halide perovskites, Pb-free metal halides such as Bi- and Sb-containing hybrid organic-inorganic materials have shown potential as semiconductors and have been deemed candidates for optoelectronic devices. Here, we report a series of 1D Sb/Bi-based organic-inorganic hybrid alloys: [4ApyH]SbxBi1-xIyBr4-y, where 4ApyH stands for the 4-aminopyridine cations. These compounds are assembled by edge-sharing octahedral [MX6] units stabilizing 1D chains with organic cations filled in between. The crystallographic data of eight selected complexes show that [4ApyH]SbxBi1-xIyBr4-y has at least five phases (space group) with the difference metal and halogen content: Pbca ([4ApyH]BiI4), Pca21 ([4ApyH]Sb0.5Bi0.5I4), P21/c ([4ApyH]SbI4 (100 K), [4ApyH]BiI2Br2, [4ApyH]BiBr4, and [4ApyH]SbBr4 (100 K)), I2/a ([4ApyH]Sb0.5Bi0.5I2Br2and [4ApyH]SbI2Br2), and C2/c ([4ApyH]SbI4 (298 K) and [4ApyH]SbBr4 (298 K)). Powder X-ray diffraction shows that the phase of the sample changes with a change of the metal and halogen ratios, and the change law accords with Vegard's law. The optical band gaps are heavily affected by the metal and halide contents, ranging from 1.94 eV for [4ApyH]BiI4 to 2.73 eV for [4ApyH]SbBr4. When Sb substitutes for Bi to form an alloy, the band gap increases from 1.94 for [4ApyH]BiI4 to 1.67 eV for [4ApyH]SbI4, from 2.13 eV for [4ApyH]BiI2Br2 to 2.41 eV for [4ApyH]SbI2Br2, and from 2.55 eV for [4ApyH]BiBr4 to 2.73 eV for [4ApyH]SbBr4. The conductivity of [4ApyH]SbxBi1-xI4 increased from ∼1.00 × 10-15 to 2.14 × 10-8 S cm-1 with an increase of the Sb content. Solution-deposited thin films of the nine complexes show the same (110) orientation, displaying a parallel growth orientation with respect to the substrate. The devices of [4ApyH]Sb0.8Bi0.2I4 and [4ApyH]SbI4 demonstrated stable open-circuit photovoltages of 0.55 and 0.44 V, steady-state short-circuit photocurrent densities of 1.52 and 1.81 mA cm-2, and light-to-electrical energy conversion efficiencies of 0.29% and 0.30%, respectively.

Chiral Erbium(III) Complexes: Single-Molecule Magnet Behavior, Chirality, and Nuclearity Control.

The reactions of chiral ligand (R)/(S)-1,1'-binaphthyl-2,2'-diyl phosphate (R-HL/S-HL) and ErCl3·6H2O afford two pairs of di- and tetranuclear enantiomers [Er2(R/S-L)4(EtOH)6]Cl2·6.5EtOH (R-1, S-1) and [Er4(PO4)(R/S-L)8(EtOH)3(H2O)]2Cl(OH)·15EtOH·11H2O (R-2, S-2). The nuclearity of these complexes is controllable and depends on the reaction temperature with a template effect. Their chirality was evidenced by circular dichroism (CD) spectra. R-1 exhibits two magnetic relaxation pathways under a zero field, with an apparent barrier of 40 K. Ab initio calculations revealed a ferromagnetic dipolar interaction between these two Er(III) ions, the equatorial nature of the ligand field, and the probable origin of the two relaxations.

The association between obesity indices and hypertension: Which index is the most notable indicator of hypertension in different age groups stratified by sex?

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the most notable obesity index and its optimal cut-off point of hypertension in different age groups stratified by sexes among community residents in southern China. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, 620 men and 631 women aged 18-59 years were enrolled. The independent-samples t-test and chi-square test were conducted to analyze continuous and categorical variables, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis assessed the association between the obesity indices and hypertension risk. RESULTS: Waist-stature ratio (WSR) and waist-hip ratio (WHR) were the most notable risk factors for hypertension in young men and women, respectively. The odds ratios (ORs) of hypertension risk increased with per standard deviation (SD) in WSR and WHR (WSR: OR = 2.877, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.602 to 5.167; WHR: OR = 10.683, 95%CI = 2.179 to 52.376). In the middle-aged group of both sexes, body mass index (BMI) was the most distinctive risk factor for hypertension, the ORs of hypertension risk increased with per SD in BMI (men: OR = 2.297, 95%CI = 1.683 to 3.136; women: OR = 1.810, 95%CI = 1.338 to 2.450). ROC curve analysis demonstrated WSR and PI were better indicators than other indices among young men, and WSR was the best marker among young women. However, BMI and WC were the most sensitive markers in middle-aged men and women, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: In this Chinese population, the association of obesity indices and hypertension is inconsistent in different age groups and sexes. It is important to choose appropriate indicators for specific groups of people.

Multimorbidity associated with functional independence among community-dwelling older people: a cross-sectional study in Southern China.

BACKGROUND: Multimorbidity, the coexistence of two or more chronic diseases, is common in older adults. And it may lead to many adverse health outcomes, such as disability. However, data on multimorbidity and its relationship with functional independence are scarce in Asian countries. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the relationship between multimorbidity and functional status among older people in China. METHODS: Based on a cross-sectional survey, the information regarding 2705 older adults, who were of at least 60 years of age, was collected through interviews and analyzed. To assess functional status, we used the Functional Independence Measure (FIM). Exploratory factor analysis was performed to assess correlations among chronic diseases. Several logistic regression models were run in the study. RESULTS: The presence of two or more chronic conditions and the number of multimorbidity group overlaps were independent risk factors for the loss of functional independence in older adults. Hypertension and chronic pain, emerged as the most prevalent multimorbidity pair, was significantly associated with functional independence (OR = 1.64, 95% CI = 1.25-2.16), followed by the co-occurrence of hypertension and heart diseases with a lower prevalence but a higher OR compared with the former pair (OR = 1.72, 95% CI = 1.15-2.58). Of the five multimorbidity groups used for factor analysis, the bones and pain group (OR = 1.47, 95% CI = 1.23-1.77) and the cardiometabolic group (OR = 1.34, 95% CI = 1.13-1.59) were both found to be significantly correlated with lower functional independence. CONCLUSIONS: Multimorbidity was common among older people in Southern China. Studying the relationship between multimorbidity and functional status could be useful to find potential correlations among chronic diseases. Additionally, it may also be meaningful to identify multimorbidity combinations, posing an increased risk of loss of functional independence, and further improve functional status in older adults with comorbidities.

A community-based cross-sectional study of sleep quality in middle-aged and older adults.

BACKGROUND: Sleep quality has been widely studied among western countries. However, there is limited population-based evidence on insomnia in Chinese adult populations, especially in middle-aged and older adults. The aims of present study are to (1) examine the prevalence of poor sleep among Chinese middle-age and older adults, (2) compare the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) seven domain scores across different physical health statuses, (3) explore factors associated with insomnia. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted using a multi-instrument questionnaire. In total, 1563 residents aged 45 or older in the community were interviewed. The Chinese version of the PSQI was used to assess sleep quality while poor sleep was defined as a total PSQI score >5. Socio-demographic, lifestyle and physical health data were also collected. RESULTS: The prevalence of poor sleep among adults aged over 45 years was 20.67 %. Clusters logistic regression analysis identified that migrant workers, single marital status, lower education level, no physical exercise, illness within 2 weeks, and a higher total number of chronic diseases contribute to increased risk of poor sleep (P < 0.05). Among three clusters, physical health has the biggest independent contribution on sleep quality. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicated that poor sleep was common in middle-aged and older adults. It was associated with identity of migrant worker, education level, exercise, illness within 2 weeks and number of chronic disease. Being ill within 2 weeks and having more chronic diseases were the major physical health-related factors contributing to poor sleep in the middle-aged and older people. Physical health may be a major determinant in sleep quality.

Spin frustration in a family of pillared kagomé layers of high-spin cobalt(II) ions.

Based on the analogous kagomé [Co3 (imda)2 ] layers (imda=imidazole-4,5-dicarboxylate), a family of pillar-layered frameworks with the formula of [Co3 (imda)2 (L)3 ]⋅(L)n ⋅xH2 O (1: L=pyrazine, n=0, x=8; 2: L=4,4'-bipyridine, n=1, x=8; 3: L=1,4-di(pyridin-4-yl)benzene, n=1, x=13; 4: L=4,4'-di(pyridin-4-yl)-1,1'-biphenyl, n=1, x=14) have been successfully synthesized by a hydrothermal/solvothermal method. Single-crystal structural analysis shows a significant increase in the interlayer distances synchronized with the extension of the pillar ligands, namely, 7.092(3) (1), 10.921(6) (2), 14.780(5) (3), and 19.165(4) Š(4). Despite the wrinkled kagomé layers in complexes 2-4, comprehensive magnetic characterizations revealed weakening of interlayer magnetic interactions and an increase in the degree of frustration as the pillar ligand becomes longer from 1 to 4; this leads to characteristic magnetic ground states. For compound 4, which has the longest interlayer distance, the interlayer interaction is so weak that the magnetic properties observed within the range of temperature measured would correspond to the frustrated layer.

Community-based interventions in hypertensive patients: a comparison of three health education strategies.

BACKGROUND: Community-based health education programs may be helpful in improving health outcomes in patients with chronic illnesses. This study aimed to evaluate community-based health education strategies in the management of hypertensive patients with low socioeconomic status in Dongguan City, China. METHODS: This was a randomized, non-blinded trial involving 360 hypertensive patients enrolled in the community health service centre of Liaobu Town, Dongguan City, China. Participants were randomized to receive one of the three community-based health education programs over 2 years: self-learning reading (Group 1), monthly regular didactic lecture (Group 2), monthly interactive education workshop (Group 3). Outcomes included the changes in the proportion of subjects with normalized blood pressure (BP), hypertension-related knowledge score, adherence to antihypertensive treatment, lifestyle, body mass index and serum lipids. RESULTS: After the 2-y intervention, the proportion of subjects with normalized BP increased significantly in Group 2 (from 41.2% to 63.2%, p<0.001), and increased more substantially in Group 3 (from 40.2% to 86.3%, p<0.001), but did not change significantly in Group 1. Improvements in hypertension-related knowledge score, adherence to regular use of medications, appropriate salt intake and regular physical activity were progressively greater from group 1 to group 2 to group 3. Group 3 had the largest reductions in body mass index and serum LDL cholesterol levels. CONCLUSION: Interactive education workshops may be the most effective strategy in community-based health promotion education programs for hypertensive patients in improving patients' knowledge on hypertension and alleviating clinical risk factors for preventing hypertension-related complications.

Spin-crossover behavior in two new supramolecular isomers.

Two spin-crossover (SCO) supramolecular isomers formulated as [Fe(Mebpt){Au(CN)2}]n·xH2O (1, x = 0, and 2·H2O, x = n, MebptH = 3-(5-methyl-2-pyridyl)-5-(2-pyridyl)-1,2,4-triazole) have been successfully isolated and characterized by single-crystal X-ray crystallography, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, variable-temperature powder X-ray diffraction, and magnetic measurements. Structural analysis reveals that 1 is a two-dimensional coordination layer and 2·H2O is a one-dimensional coordination ladder structure, in which the Mebpt(-) ligands are coordinated in trans and cis bridging mode in 1 and 2·H2O, respectively. Dramatically, their SCO properties are further influenced by the octahedral coordination configuration of Fe(II). In 1, only the Fe(II) centers in trans configuration exhibit spin transition (Tc = 303 K), while in 2·H2O and the dehydrated 2, gradual two-step SCO (Tc1 = 235 K, Tc2 = 313 K) and one-step SCO behaviors (Tc = 315 K) occur, respectively.

Trends in prevalence of multimorbidity for chronic diseases in China: serial cross-sectional surveys from 2009 to 2018.

BACKGROUND: Multimorbidity, individuals suffering from two or more chronic diseases, has become a major health challenge worldwide, especially in populous and prosperous cities, where studies of this phenomenon in China are limited. We examined the prevalence, trends, patterns, and associated factors of multimorbidity from 2009 to 2018 among community-dwelling adults in Guangzhou, China. METHODS: We conducted serial cross-sectional surveys for chronic diseases in Guangzhou, China, in 2009, 2013, and 2018. General and stratified prevalence were standardized using demographic data. Multivariable logistic regression and hierarchical cluster analysis were applied to identify associated factors and to assess the correlations and patterns of multimorbidity, respectively. RESULTS: This study included 23,284 adults aged 18 and over in 2009, 18,551 in 2013, and 15,727 in 2018. The standardized prevalence of multimorbidity increased substantially, with 12.69% (95% CI: 10.45-15.33) in 2009, 25.44% (95% CI: 23.47-27.52) in 2013, and 35.13% (95% CI:32.64-37.70) in 2018 (P for trend <0.001). The highest bi- and triple-conditions of multimorbidity were dyslipidemia (DP) and overweight or obesity (OO) (12.54%, 95% CI: 11.68-13.46), and DP, OO, and Hypertension (HT) (3.99%, 95% CI: 3.47-4.58) in 2018. From 2009 to 2018, (1) The majority of multimorbidity patterns showed a high prevalence; (2) The percentage of participants with only one chronic condition was found lower, while the percentage with multiple conditions was higher. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of chronic disease multimorbidity in Guangzhou China, has increased substantially among adults. Effective policies targeting multimorbidity are urgently needed, especially for the health management of primary medical institutions.

The Association of Malnutrition and Health-Related Factors among 474,467 Older Community-Dwellers: A Population-Based Data Mining Study in Guangzhou, China.

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to examine the prevalence and associated factors of malnutrition in older community-dwellers and explore the interaction between associated factors. METHODS: A total of 474,467 older community-dwellers aged 65 or above were selected in Guangzhou, China. We used a two-step methodology to detect the associated factors of malnutrition and constructed logistic regression models to explore the influencing factors and interactive effects on three patterns of malnutrition. RESULTS: The prevalence of malnutrition was 22.28%. Older adults with both hypertension and diabetes (RERI = 0.13), both meat or fish diet and hypertension (RERI = 0.79), and both meat or fish diet and diabetes (RERI = 0.81) had positive additive interaction effects on the risk of obesity, whereas those on a vegetarian diet with hypertension (RERI = -0.25) or diabetes (RERI = -0.19) had negative additive interaction effects. Moreover, the interactions of physical activity with a meat or fish diet (RERI = -0.84) or dyslipidemia (RERI = -0.09) could lower the risk of obesity. CONCLUSIONS: Malnutrition was influenced by different health factors, and there were interactions between these influencing factors. Pertinent dietary instruction should be given according to different nutritional status indexes and the prevalence of metabolic diseases to avoid the occurrences of malnutrition among older adults.

Lanthanide oxide clusters: from tetrahedral [Dy4(µ4-O)](10+) to supertetrahedral [Ln20(µ4-O)11]38+ (Ln = Tb, Dy, Ho, Er).

Supertetrahedral clusters: A family of lanthanide oxide supertetrahedral T3{Ln20} clusters (Ln = Tb, Dy, Ho, Er; see figure) were obtained from the solvothermal reaction of lanthanide(III) salts with polytriazolate ligands that could be methylated and oxidized in situ.

Cu(II)-Gd(III) cryogenic magnetic refrigerants and Cu8Dy9 single-molecule magnet generated by in situ reactions of picolinaldehyde and acetylpyridine: experimental and theoretical study.

A series of heterometallic [Ln(III)(x)Cu(II)(y)] complexes, [Gd2Cu2]n (1), [Gd4Cu8] (2), [Ln9Cu8] (Ln=Gd, 3·Gd; Ln=Dy, 3·Dy), were successfully synthesized by a one-pot route at room temperature with three kinds of in situ carbonyl-related reactions: Cannizzaro reaction, aldol reaction, and oxidation. This strategy led to dysprosium analogues that behaved as single-molecule magnets (SMMs) and gadolinium analogues that showed significant magnetocaloric effect (MCE). In this study a numerical DFT approach is proposed by using pseudopotentials to calculate the exchange coupling constants in three polynuclear [Gd(x)Cu(y)] complexes; with these values exact diagonalization or quantum Monte Carlo simulations have been performed to calculate the variation of the magnetic entropy involved in the MCE. For the [Dy9Cu8] complexes, local magnetic properties of the Dy(III) centers have been determined by using the CASSCF+RASSI method.

Anion-templated assembly and magnetocaloric properties of a nanoscale {Gd38} cage versus a {Gd48} barrel.

The comprehensive study reported herein provides compelling evidence that anion templates are the main driving force in the formation of two novel nanoscale lanthanide hydroxide clusters, {Gd38(ClO4)6} (1) and {Gd48Cl2(NO3)} (2), characterized by single-crystal X-ray crystallography, infrared spectroscopy, and magnetic measurements. {Gd38(ClO4)6}, encapsulating six ClO4(-) ions, features a cage core composed of twelve vertex-sharing {Gd4} tetrahedrons and one Gd⋅⋅⋅Gd pillar. When Cl(-) and NO3(-) were incorporated in the reaction instead of ClO4(-), {Gd48Cl2(NO3)} is obtained with a barrel shape constituted by twelve vertex-sharing {Gd4} tetrahedrons and six {Gd5} pyramids. What is more, the cage-like {Gd38} can be dynamically converted into the barrel-shaped {Gd48} upon Cl(-) and NO3(-) stimulus. To our knowledge, it is the first time that the linear M-O-M' fashion and the unique µ8-ClO4(-) mode have been crystallized in pure lanthanide complex, and complex 2 represents the largest gadolinium cluster. Both of the complexes display large magnetocaloric effect in units of J kg(-1) K(-1) and mJ cm(-3) K(-1) on account of the weak antiferromagnetic exchange, the high N(Gd)/M(W) ratio (magnetic density), and the relatively compact crystal lattice (mass density).

Symmetry-related [Ln(III)6Mn(III)12] clusters toward single-molecule magnets and cryogenic magnetic refrigerants.

A family of high-nuclearity [Ln(III)(6)Mn(III)(12)] (Ln = Gd, Tb) nanomagnets has been synthesized, of which two are in D(2) molecular symmetry and the other two are in C(1) symmetry. X-ray crystallography shows that each of them contains a similar {Mn(III)(8)O(13)} unit, four marginal Mn(III) ions, and two linear {Ln(III)(3)} units with parallel or perpendicular orientation for high- and low-symmetry cores, respectively. For [Gd(III)(6)Mn(III)(12)], the distinct spins of the {Mn(III)(8)O(13)} unit lead to different spin ground states (S(T) = 23 for the high-symmetry one and S(T) = 16 for the low-symmetry one), and significant magnetocaloric effects are observed in a wide temperature range [full width at half-maximum (FWHM) of -ΔS(m) > 18 K] that can maximizes the refrigerant capacity, which may be attributed to the ferromagnetic interactions. By replacement of isotropic Gd(III) with anisotropic Tb(III), they behave as single-molecule magnets, with the high-symmetry one possessing a larger effective barrier (36.6 K) than the low-symmetry one (19.6 K).

Prevalence of falls, injury from falls and associations with chronic diseases among community-dwelling older adults in Guangzhou, China: a cross-sectional study.

Introduction: As a developing country with the largest older adult population in the world, strengthening the research on falls among the older adults is undoubtedly an urgent item in China. This study aimed to explore the prevalence and risk factors associated with falls and injury from falls among community-dwelling older adults in Guangzhou, China, particularly focusing on their associations with chronic diseases. Methods: A total of 1,629 participants aged 65 years and above were selected from 11 counties in Guangzhou by the multi-stage stratified random sampling method in 2021. Socio-demographic characteristics, health and lifestyle factors, the status of falls, and injury from falls were measured by structured questionnaires through face-to-face interviews. Chi-square tests and logistic regression analysis were used to identify factors associated with falls and injury from falls. Chord diagrams were used to explore their associations with chronic diseases. Results: A total of 251 participants (15.41%, 95% CI: 13.98%-17.25%) reported falls, and 162 participants (9.46%, 95% CI:7.72%-11.55%) indicated an injury from falls. Logistic regression analysis showed the results as follows: female patients (adjusted OR = 1.721, 95% CI: 1.681-1.761) aged ≥80 years (1.910, 1.847-1.975), unemployed (1.226, 1.171-1.284), uninsured (1.555, 1.448-1.671), average monthly household income of 2,001-4,000 CNY (1.878, 1.827-1.930), number of services provided by the community health center ≥13 times per year (1.428, 1.383-1.475), illness within 2 weeks (1.633, 1.595-1.672), high-intensity physical activity (2.254, 2.191-2.32), sedentary (1.094, 1.070-1.117), and number of chronic disease illnesses ≥3 (1.930, 1.870-1.993). Meanwhile, those risk factors were also associated with injury from falls. The older adults with medium-intensity physical activity were at lower risk (0.721, 0.705-0.737) of falls and higher risk (1.086, 1.057-1.117) of being injured from falls. Chord diagrams showed the correlations between chronic diseases and falls and injury from falls among community-dwelling older adults in Guangzhou, China. Conclusion: The high prevalence of falls is found among community-dwelling older adults in Guangzhou, China, which is related to multiple factors such as demographic variables, lifestyle, and health status, especially for chronic diseases. Therefore, targeted interventions should be developed and implemented urgently.