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1.
Parasitology ; 143(3): 334-42, 2016 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26626017

RESUMO

Neurocysticercosis (NCC) is considered a neglected parasitic infection of the human central nervous system. Its pathogenesis is due to the host immune response, stage of evolution and location of the parasite. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in situ and systemic immune response through cytokines dosage (IL-4, IL-10, IL-17 and IFN-γ) as well as the local inflammatory response of the experimental NCC with Taenia crassiceps. The in situ and systemic cellular and inflammatory immune response were evaluated through the cytokines quantification at 7, 30, 60 and 90 days after inoculation and histopathological analysis. All cysticerci were found within the cerebral ventricles. There was a discrete intensity of inflammatory cells of mixed immune profile, polymorphonuclear and mononuclear cells, at the beginning of the infection and predominance of mononuclear cells at the end. The systemic immune response showed a significant increase in all the analysed cytokines and predominance of the Th2 immune profile cytokines at the end of the infection. These results indicate that the location of the cysticerci may lead to ventriculomegaly. The acute phase of the infection showed a mixed Th1/Th17 profile accompanied by high levels of IL-10 while the late phase showed a Th2 immune profile.


Assuntos
Imunidade Celular , Neurocisticercose/imunologia , Neurocisticercose/patologia , Animais , Encéfalo/imunologia , Encéfalo/parasitologia , Citocinas/análise , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Feminino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Baço/citologia , Baço/imunologia
2.
Exp Parasitol ; 135(3): 599-605, 2013 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24090570

RESUMO

Murine infection with Taenia crassiceps cysticerci is used as an experimental model for human and animal cysticercosis. In this infection parasites can be found associated with an inflammatory infiltrate enriched with macrophages. Experimental evidence exists supporting a role for either NO-producing classically activated (CAMΦ) or arginase- and CD301-expressing alternatively activated macrophages (AAMΦ) in T. crassiceps resistance. In both cell types, arginine is utilized as an important mediator in macrophage effector functions. To investigate whether there is an association between arginine availability, susceptibility to T. crassiceps and other parameters such as fibrosis, BALB/c mice were infected intraperitoneally with cysticerci and treated daily with the arginase inhibitor nor-NOHA or supplemented with l-arginine and followed for eight weeks. The numbers and developmental stages of parasites were evaluated as well as the presence of CD301+ AAMΦ, arginase activity and collagen deposition in the peritoneal membrane. Treatment with the arginase inhibitor or supplementation with l-arginine did not change the parasitic load or profile of the infection. However, the arginase inhibitor significantly decreased the deposition of collagen. These results suggest that arginase activity does not interfere with parasite control during experimental infection with T. crassiceps, but it is important for fibrosis in cysticercosis.


Assuntos
Arginase/metabolismo , Cisticercose/patologia , Fibrose Peritoneal/enzimologia , Animais , Arginase/antagonistas & inibidores , Arginina/análogos & derivados , Arginina/metabolismo , Arginina/farmacologia , Colágeno/análise , Cisticercose/enzimologia , Cisticercose/imunologia , Feminino , Macrófagos Peritoneais/enzimologia , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Cavidade Peritoneal/citologia , Cavidade Peritoneal/parasitologia , Cavidade Peritoneal/patologia , Fibrose Peritoneal/imunologia , Fibrose Peritoneal/patologia , Taenia
3.
Pathog Dis ; 74(4): ftw023, 2016 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27073255

RESUMO

Mucosal leishmaniasis (ML) caused by Leishmania (Vianna) braziliensis usually appears after the healing of the primary lesion when amastigotes disseminate from the infection site to the mucosal area. Here, we investigated murine infection with amastigotes obtained from patients with ML or localized cutaneous leishmaniasis (LCL). Amastigotes were used to infect wild type, IFN-γ KO and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) KO mice. Amastigotes from patients with LCL induced lesions that appeared earlier in IFN-γ KO than parasites from ML. The lesion after infection with ML appeared early in iNOS KO than in IFN-γ KO mice and in iNOS KO mice parasites from ML and LCL cause similar lesions at the initial phase of infection, while parasites from ML induced greater lesions than the ones from LCL at the late phase. A greater number of parasites were observed in spleen of IFN-γ KO and iNOS KO mice infected with amastigotes from patients with ML than those with LCL. Parasites from ML infect a lower percentage of macrophages and are killed independent on IFN-γ and dependent on NO. The data suggest that amastigotes responsible for mucosal lesion in humans develop slowly on the initial phase of infection due to high susceptibility to NO and they have an increased ability to disseminate.


Assuntos
Leishmania braziliensis , Leishmaniose Cutânea/metabolismo , Leishmaniose Cutânea/microbiologia , Óxido Nítrico/metabolismo , Animais , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Feminino , Humanos , Interferon gama/deficiência , Leishmaniose Cutânea/genética , Leishmaniose Cutânea/patologia , Macrófagos/imunologia , Macrófagos/metabolismo , Macrófagos/parasitologia , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Knockout , Óxido Nítrico Sintase Tipo II/deficiência , Carga Parasitária , Fagocitose
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