Postoperative intensity-modulated radiation therapy reduces local recurrence and improves overall survival in III-N2 non-small-cell lung cancer: A single-center, retrospective study.

PURPOSE: To determine the postoperative effects of radiotherapy (PORT) on the local recurrence-free survival (LRFS) and overall survival (OS) of stage III-N2 non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: 183 patients with resected stage III-pN2 NSCLC from Hunan Cancer Hospital between 2013 and 2016 were divided into two groups for postoperative chemotherapy (POCT) (n = 105) or combination chemotherapy and radiotherapy (POCRT) (n = 78). The LRFS and OS were compared and the factors affecting local recurrence were illustrated in these two groups. The sites of failure based on the lobe of the primary tumor in two groups were described. RESULTS: PORT leads to a strikingly lower risk for local recurrence and brought superior OS benefit. For different pN2 Subclassification, Patients with multiple-station pN2 ± pN1 disease had the worst LRFS (11 months) and single-station pN2 + multiple station pN1 disease had a relatively short LRFS (24 months) in group POCT. Short LRFS is correlated with multiple-station pN2, older age (Y > 55), patients with a high positive LN ratio > 1/3 and a poor tumor histological differentiation degree. In group POCT, the most frequent failure site occurs at the ipsilateral hilum (21.0%), the bronchial stump (20.0%), followed by LNs4R (19.0%), LNs4L (18.1%), LNs7 (15.2%), most of left-sided tumors more frequently involved the contralateral mediastinum, whereas the ipsilateral recurrences dominated for right-sided tumors, especially for LNs4R. In group POCRT, the highest failure site was the bronchial stump (11.5%), followed by LNs4L (8.97%), LNs1 (7.69%), the ipsilateral hilum (6.41%) and LNs4R (6.41%). CONCLUSION: PORT remarkably reduced local recurrence and improved OS in stage III-pN2 NSCLC, especially in the multiple-station pN2 group.

[Rapid change in structure of Brachionus calyciflorus complex collected from Jiulian Pond and its ecological mechanism].

In order to investigate the rapid variation in the structure of Brachionus calyciflorus complex and the fitness traits of the two sibling species, the rotifers were collected once a week from Jiulian Pond during 16 July and 6 August, their COI genes were sequenced and analyzed, and their fitness parameters (average lifespan, net reproductive rate, intrinsic rate of population increase and proportion of sexual offspring) were calculated at 28 degrees C and 32 degrees C with 1.0 x 10(6), 3.0 x 10(6) and 5.0 x 10(6) cells x mL(-1) of Scenedesmus obliquus as food. In total of 35 samples, 22 haplotypes were defined, among which two distinct lineages (Lineage I and II) were revealed by phylogenetic analysis. Sequence divergence was 14.8%-15.6% between the two lineages, indicating the occurrence of two sibling species (sibling species I and II). Sibling species II occurred only in the second event of sample collection, and its relative abundance in the density of the species complex was lower (1/35). In the population of sibling species I, the clones of three shared haplotypes showed overlap, while the others showed displacement. Three-way ANOVA indicated that temperature affected the net reproductive rate, the intrinsic rate of population increase and the proportion of sexual offspring, food level affected the average lifespan, the net reproductive rate and the intrinsic rate of population increase, sibling species affected the average lifespan, the intrinsic rate of population increase and the proportion of sexual offspring. The interaction between temperature and sibling species affected the net reproductive rate and the intrinsic rate of population increase (P < 0.05), the interaction between temperature and food level affected the proportion of sexual offspring (P < 0.01), and the interaction between food level and sibling species affected the intrinsic rate of population increase of the rotifers (P < 0.05). Sibling species I had a higher intrinsic rate of population increase, a shorter average lifespan and a lower proportion of sexual offspring than sibling species II.

Expression inhibition of multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP1) by multi-ribozyme expression system in HEK293 cells.

To study application of multi-ribozyme expression system on expression inhibition of multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP1) in HEK293 cells, the multi-ribozyme expression system containing 20 cis-acting ribozymes for self-cleavage and 10 trans-acting ribozymes for targeting to MRP1 gene specific site were constructed. HEK293 cells cotransfected multi-ribozyme expression system with MRP1 target gene or full length of MRP1 gene respectively were analyzed by RT-PCR, Western blot analysis and MTT assay. The results showed that multi-ribozyme systems were able to dramatically decrease fluorescent fusion protein expression in HEK293 cells. RT-PCR analysis indicated that the extent of MRP1 target mRNA decrease was correlated with the number of trans-acting ribozyme contained in multi-ribozyme expression system. Similar changes have been observed from Western blot. MTT assay showed that multi-ribozyme systems were able to reverse MDR generated by MRP1 gene in HEK cells. These results suggested that inhibitory effects of multiple copies of ribozymes contained in the system were better than that of single ribozyme contained. Therefore, this strategy could be used in treatment of tumor or other diseases via gene therapy.