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Li- and Mn-rich (LMR) cathode materials that utilize both cation and anion redox can yield substantial increases in battery energy density1-3. However, although voltage decay issues cause continuous energy loss and impede commercialization, the prerequisite driving force for this phenomenon remains a mystery3-6 Here, with in situ nanoscale sensitive coherent X-ray diffraction imaging techniques, we reveal that nanostrain and lattice displacement accumulate continuously during operation of the cell. Evidence shows that this effect is the driving force for both structure degradation and oxygen loss, which trigger the well-known rapid voltage decay in LMR cathodes. By carrying out micro- to macro-length characterizations that span atomic structure, the primary particle, multiparticle and electrode levels, we demonstrate that the heterogeneous nature of LMR cathodes inevitably causes pernicious phase displacement/strain, which cannot be eliminated by conventional doping or coating methods. We therefore propose mesostructural design as a strategy to mitigate lattice displacement and inhomogeneous electrochemical/structural evolutions, thereby achieving stable voltage and capacity profiles. These findings highlight the significance of lattice strain/displacement in causing voltage decay and will inspire a wave of efforts to unlock the potential of the broad-scale commercialization of LMR cathode materials.
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Fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), is a widely recognized global agricultural pest that has significantly reduced crop yields all over the world. S. frugiperda has developed resistance to various insecticides. Insect cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (CYPs or P450s) play an important role in detoxifying insecticides, leading to increased resistance in insect populations. However, the function of the specific P450 gene for lambda-cyhalothrin resistance in S. frugiperda was unclear. Herein, the expression patterns of 40 P450 genes in the susceptible and lambda-cyhalothrin-resistant populations were analyzed. Among them, CYP321A7 was found to be overexpressed in the resistant population, specifically LRS (resistance ratio = 25.38-fold) derived from a lambda-cyhalothrin-susceptible (SS) population and FLRS (a population caught from a field, resistance ratio = 63.80-fold). Elevated enzyme activity of cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s) was observed for LRS (2.76-fold) and the FLRS (4.88-fold) as compared to SS, while no significant differences were observed in the activities of glutathione S-transferases and esterases. Furthermore, the knockdown of CYP321A7 gene by RNA interference significantly increased the susceptibility to lambda-cyhalothrin. Remarkably, the knockdown of CYP321A7 reduced the enzymatic activity of P450 by 43.7%, 31.9%, and 22.5% in SS, LRS, and FLRS populations, respectively. Interestingly, fourth-instar larvae treated with lambda-cyhalothrin at the LC30 dosage had a greater mortality rate due to RNA interference-induced suppression of CYP321A7 (with increases of 61.1%, 50.0%, and 45.6% for SS, LRS, and FLRS populations, respectively). These findings suggest a link between lambda-cyhalothrin resistance and continual overexpression of CYP321A7 in S. frugiperda larvae, emphasizing the possible importance of CYP321A7 in lambda-cyhalothrin detoxification in S. frugiperda.
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Sistema Enzimático do Citocromo P-450 , Resistência a Inseticidas , Inseticidas , Nitrilas , Piretrinas , Spodoptera , Animais , Piretrinas/farmacologia , Piretrinas/toxicidade , Spodoptera/efeitos dos fármacos , Spodoptera/genética , Nitrilas/toxicidade , Nitrilas/farmacologia , Sistema Enzimático do Citocromo P-450/genética , Sistema Enzimático do Citocromo P-450/metabolismo , Inseticidas/farmacologia , Inseticidas/toxicidade , Resistência a Inseticidas/genética , Proteínas de Insetos/genética , Proteínas de Insetos/metabolismo , Interferência de RNA , Inativação Metabólica , Larva/efeitos dos fármacos , Larva/genéticaRESUMO
Compared to fixed orthodontic appliances with brackets, thermoplastic invisible orthodontic aligners offer several advantages, such as high aesthetic performance, good comfort, and convenient oral health maintenance, and are widely used in orthodontic fields. However, prolonged use of thermoplastic invisible aligners may lead to demineralization and even caries in most patients' teeth, as they enclose the tooth surface for an extended period. To address this issue, we have created PETG composites that contain piezoelectric barium titanate nanoparticles (BaTiO3NPs) to obtain antibacterial properties. First, we prepared piezoelectric composites by incorporating varying amounts of BaTiO3NPs into PETG matrix material. The composites were then characterized using techniques such as SEM, XRD, and Raman spectroscopy, which confirmed the successful synthesis of the composites. We cultivated biofilms of Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) on the surface of the nanocomposites under both polarized and unpolarized conditions. We then activated piezoelectric charges by subjecting the nanocomposites to 10 Hz cyclic mechanical vibration. The interactions between the biofilms and materials were evaluated by measuring the biofilm biomass. The addition of piezoelectric nanoparticles had a noticeable antibacterial effect on both the unpolarized and polarized conditions. Under polarized conditions, nanocomposites demonstrated a greater antibacterial effect than under unpolarized conditions. Additionally, as the concentration of BaTiO3NPs increased, the antibacterial rate also increased, with the surface antibacterial rate reaching 67.39% (30 wt% BaTiO3NPs). These findings have the potential for application in wearable, invisible appliances to improve clinical services and reduce the need for cleaning methods.
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Nanocompostos , Streptococcus mutans , Humanos , Biofilmes , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Antibacterianos/química , Nanocompostos/químicaRESUMO
The cathode materials work as the host framework for both Li+ diffusion and electron transport in Li-ion batteries. The Li+ diffusion property is always the research focus, while the electron transport property is less studied. Herein, we propose a unique strategy to elevate the rate performance through promoting the surface electric conductivity. Specifically, a disordered rock-salt phase was coherently constructed at the surface of LiCoO2 , promoting the surface electric conductivity by over one magnitude. It increased the effective voltage (Veff ) imposed in the bulk, thus driving more Li+ extraction/insertion and making LiCoO2 exhibit superior rate capability (154â mAh g-1 at 10â C), and excellent cycling performance (93 % after 1000 cycles at 10â C). The universality of this strategy was confirmed by another surface design and a simulation. Our findings provide a new angle for developing high-rate cathode materials by tuning the surface electron transport property.
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Lithium-excess manganese layered oxide Li2 MnO3 , attracts much attention as a cathode in Li-ion batteries, due to the low cost and the ultrahigh theoretical capacity (≈460 mA h g-1 ). However, it delivers a low reversible practical capacity (<200 mA h g-1 ) due to the irreversible oxygen redox at high potentials (>4.5 V). Herein, heavy fluorination (9.5%) is successfully implemented in the layered anionic framework of a Li-Mn-O-F (LMOF) cathode through a unique ion-exchange route. F substitution with O stabilizes the layered anionic framework, completely inhibits the O2 evolution during the first cycle, and greatly enhances the reversibility of oxygen redox, delivering an ultrahigh reversible capacity of 389 mA h g-1 , which is 85% of the theoretical capacity of Li2 MnO3 . Moreover, it also induces a thin spinel shell coherently forming on the particle surface, which greatly improves the surface structure stability, making LMOF exhibit a superior cycling stability (a capacity retention of 91.8% after 120 cycles at 50 mA g-1 ) and excellent rate capability. These findings stress the importance of stabilizing the anionic framework in developing high-performance low-cost cathodes for next-generation Li-ion batteries.
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BACKGROUND: Using self-gripping mesh eliminates the need for additional mechanical fixation in laparoscopic groin hernia repair when surgeons plan to fix it. However, the mesh's 'self-gripping' characteristic makes it much more difficult to unfold and place. Here, the novel "Swiss-roll" placement method of folding self-gripping mesh is introduced and compared to the common folding placement method. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The cohort of this prospective randomized controlled study included 100 patients who underwent transabdominal preperitoneal (TAPP) groin hernia repair in the Department of Hernia and Abdominal Wall Surgery of Shanghai East Hospital between January and December 2018. The patients were randomly assigned to the "Swiss-roll" folding group or the common folding group. The time required for mesh placement, total surgical duration, and the incidences of postoperative pain and complications were compared. RESULTS: The times required for mesh placement in the "Swiss-roll" and common folding groups were 155.10 ± 48.66 and 202.80 ± 61.05 sec, respectively. The "Swiss-roll" folding method significantly shortened the time required for mesh placement (p = 0.000). There were no significant differences in total surgical duration and the incidences of postoperative pain and complications between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: The "Swiss-roll" folding method facilitates self-gripping mesh placement without increasing the incidence of complications and recurrences in TAPP.
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Hérnia Inguinal , Laparoscopia , China , Hérnia Inguinal/cirurgia , Herniorrafia , Humanos , Estudos Prospectivos , Recidiva , Telas CirúrgicasRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The advantages of good biocompatibility, low degradation and low antigenicity of collagen, and the osteogenic differentiation characteristics of bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) were used to promote the recovery of bone defects using partially deproteinized bone (PDPB) by bone tissue engineering (BTE). METHODS: The BMSCs were identified by examining their potential for osteogenic, lipogenic, and chondrogenic differentiation. The prepared pure PDPB was ground into bone blocks 4 × 2 × 2 mm in size, which were divided into the following groups: PDPB group, PDPB + collagen group, PDPB + collagen + BMSC group, PDPB with a composite collagen nanofilm, and BMSCs injected into the tail vein. At 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks after surgery, the effects of the implants in the different groups on bone defect repair were continuously and dynamically observed through x-ray examination, gross specimen observation, histological evaluation, and microvascularization detection. RESULTS: Postoperative x-ray examination and gross specimen observation revealed that, after 4 to 8 weeks, the external contour of the graft was gradually weakened, and the transverse comparison showed that the absorption of the graft and fusion of the defect were more obvious in PDPB + collagen + BMSC group than in PDPB group and PDPB + collagen group, and the healing was better (P < 0.05). Hematoxylin and eosin staining of histological sections showed very active proliferation of trabecular hematopoietic cells in groups PDPB + collagen + BMSC and PDPB + collagen. Masson's trichrome staining for evaluation of bone defect repair showed that the mean percent area of collagen fibers was greater in PDPB + collagen + BMSC group than in the PDPB group, with degradation of the scaffold material and the completion of repair. Immunofluorescence staining showed significantly enhanced expression of the vascular marker CD31 in group C (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The proposed hybrid structure of the collagen matrix and PDPB provides an ideal 3-dimensional microenvironment for patient-specific BTE and cell therapy applications. The results showed that collagen appeared to regulate MSC-mediated osteogenesis and increase the migration and invasion of BMSCs. The combination of collagen nanofilm and biological bone transplantation with BMSC transplantation enhanced the proliferation and potential of the BMSCs for bone regeneration, successfully promoting bone repair after implantation at the defect site. This method may provide a new idea for treating clinical bone defects through BTE.
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Regeneração Óssea , Células-Tronco Mesenquimais , Engenharia Tecidual , Animais , Colágeno , Osteogênese , Ratos , Alicerces TeciduaisRESUMO
Aqueous Zn-MnO2 batteries using mild electrolyte show great potential in large-scale energy storage (LSES) application, due to high safety and low cost. However, structure collapse of manganese oxides upon cycling caused by the conversion mechanism (e.g., from tunnel to layer structures for α-, ß-, and γ-phases) is one of the most urgent issues plaguing its practical applications. Herein, to avoid the phase conversion issue and enhance battery performance, a structurally robust novel phase of manganese oxide MnO2 H0.16 (H2 O)0.27 (MON) nanosheet with thickness of ≈2.5 nm is designed and synthesized as a promising cathode material, in which a nanosheet structure combined with a novel H+ /Zn2+ synergistic intercalation mechanism is demonstrated and evidenced. Accordingly, a high-performance Zn/MON cell is achieved, showing a high energy density of ≈228.5 Wh kg-1 , impressive cyclability with capacity retention of 96% at 0.5 C after 300 cycles, as well as exhibiting rate performance of 115.1 mAh g-1 at current rate of 10 C. To the best current knowledge, this H+ /Zn2+ synergistic intercalation mechanism is first reported in an aqueous battery system, which opens a new opportunity for development of high-performance aqueous Zn ion batteries for LSES.
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A copper nitrate-mediated [2 + 2 + 1] cycloaddition reaction was developed for the expedient synthesis of pharmacologically interesting 3-aryl substituted isoxazolines and isoxazoles through C[double bond, length as m-dash]C bond cleavage. Copper nitrate is employed as a reaction promoter and precursor of nitrile oxides. The given approach features a new mode of cycloaddition from olefinic azlactones, copper nitrate and unsaturated compounds with wide substrate scope, good functional group tolerance and operational simplicity.
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Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Isoxazoline and isoxazole derivatives represent an important class of five-membered heterocycles, which play a pivotal role in drug discovery. In our previous study, we developed a series of isoxazole derivatives with an efficient method. In this study, we evaluated their effects on tumor cell growth. HCT116 cells were treated with isoxazole derivatives; an cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-8) assay was used to calculate the IC50 (half maximal inhibitory concentration) of each derivative. Compound SHU00238, which was obtained by the copper nitrate-mediated [2+2+1] cycloaddition reaction of olefinic azlactone with naphthalene-1,4-dione, has a lower IC50; we analyzed its inhibitory activity in further assays. Cell apoptosis was estimated by flow cytometry analysis in vitro. SHU00238 injection was used to treat tumor-bearing mice. We found that SHU00238 suppressed cell viability and promoted cell apoptosis in vitro. SHU00238 treatment significantly inhibited colonic tumor growth in vivo. Furthermore, we compared the miRNAs expression changes in HCT116 cells before and after SHU00238 treatment. MiRNA profiling revealed that SHU00238 treatment affected cell fate by regulating a set of miRNAs. In conclusion, SHU00238 impedes CRC tumor cell proliferation and promotes cell apoptosis by miRNAs regulation.
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Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Neoplasias Colorretais/genética , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Isoxazóis/farmacologia , MicroRNAs/genética , Animais , Antineoplásicos/química , Apoptose , Ciclo Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Biologia Computacional , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica , Humanos , Isoxazóis/química , Camundongos , Estrutura Molecular , Interferência de RNA , Ensaios Antitumorais Modelo de XenoenxertoRESUMO
PURPOSE: This study examined the effect of soy proteins with depletion of different subunits of the two major storage proteins, ß-conglycinin and glycinin, on hepatic lipids and proteins involved in lipid metabolism in rats, since the bioactive component of soy responsible for lipid-lowering is unclear. METHODS: Weanling Sprague Dawley rats were fed diets containing either 20% casein protein in the absence (casein) or presence (casein + ISF) of isoflavones or 20% alcohol-washed soy protein isolate (SPI) or 20% soy protein concentrates derived from a conventional (Haro) or 2 soybean lines lacking the α' subunit of ß-conglycinin and the A1-3 (1TF) or A1-5 (1a) subunits of glycinin. After 8 weeks, the rats were necropsied and liver proteins and lipids were extracted and analysed. RESULTS: The results showed that soy protein diets reduced lipid droplet accumulation and content in the liver compared to casein diets. The soy protein diets also decreased the level of hepatic mature SREBP-1 and FAS in males, with significant decreases in diets 1TF and 1a compared to the casein diets. The effect of the soy protein diets on female hepatic mature SREBP-1, FAS, and HMGCR was confounded since casein + ISF decreased these levels compared to casein alone perhaps muting the decrease by soy protein. A reduction in both phosphorylated and total STAT3 in female livers by ISF may account for the gender difference in mechanism in the regulation and protein expression of the lipid modulators. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, soy protein deficient in the α' subunit of ß-conglycinin and A1-5 subunits of glycinin maintain similar hypolipidemic function compared to the conventional soy protein. The exact bioactive component(s) warrant identification.
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Antígenos de Plantas/uso terapêutico , Globulinas/uso terapêutico , Hiperlipidemias/prevenção & controle , Metabolismo dos Lipídeos , Fígado/metabolismo , Proteínas de Vegetais Comestíveis/uso terapêutico , Subunidades Proteicas/uso terapêutico , Proteínas de Armazenamento de Sementes/uso terapêutico , Proteínas de Soja/uso terapêutico , Animais , Antígenos de Plantas/química , Antígenos de Plantas/genética , Antígenos de Plantas/metabolismo , Caseínas/efeitos adversos , Dieta Hiperlipídica/efeitos adversos , Feminino , Alimentos Geneticamente Modificados , Globulinas/química , Globulinas/genética , Globulinas/metabolismo , Hiperlipidemias/etiologia , Hiperlipidemias/metabolismo , Hiperlipidemias/patologia , Gotículas Lipídicas/metabolismo , Gotículas Lipídicas/patologia , Fígado/enzimologia , Fígado/patologia , Masculino , Fosforilação , Proteínas de Vegetais Comestíveis/química , Proteínas de Vegetais Comestíveis/genética , Proteínas de Vegetais Comestíveis/metabolismo , Plantas Geneticamente Modificadas/genética , Plantas Geneticamente Modificadas/metabolismo , Processamento de Proteína Pós-Traducional , Subunidades Proteicas/química , Subunidades Proteicas/genética , Subunidades Proteicas/metabolismo , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Fator de Transcrição STAT3/metabolismo , Proteínas de Armazenamento de Sementes/química , Proteínas de Armazenamento de Sementes/genética , Proteínas de Armazenamento de Sementes/metabolismo , Caracteres Sexuais , Proteínas de Soja/química , Proteínas de Soja/genética , Proteínas de Soja/metabolismo , Vacúolos/patologia , DesmameRESUMO
New BN-embedded, thiophene-fused, polycyclic aromatic compounds with planar geometry were designed and synthesized. The molecules showed excellent stability and chemical robustness. Postfunctionalization on this skeleton was demonstrated with a series of electrophilic bromination, palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling, and Knoevenagel condensation reactions. The π skeleton remained intact during these late-stage transformations. The optical and electronic properties have been well tuned through incorporation of electron-rich and -deficient groups on the backbone. This work shows the great advantage of the postfunctionalization strategy on BN-containing polycyclic aromatic compounds for fast diversification and materials screening.
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Lithium-rich layer oxide cathodes are promising energy storage materials due to their high energy densities. However, the oxygen loss during cycling limits their practical applications. Here, the essential role of Li content on the topological inhibition of oxygen loss in lithium-rich cathode materials and the relationship between the migration network of oxygen ions and the transition metal (TM) component are revealed. Utilizing first-principles calculations in combination with percolation theory and Monte Carlo simulations, it is found that TM ions can effectively encage the oxidized oxygen species when the TM concentration in TM layer exceeds 5/6, which hinders the formation of a percolating oxygen migration network. This study demonstrates the significance of rational compositional design in lithium-rich cathodes for effectively suppressing irreversible oxygen release and enhancing cathode cycling performance.
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Developing high-performance solvents for extraction and optimizing process technologies is crucial for efficient extractive distillation (ED) separation of azeotrope mixtures. In this paper, computer-aided screening was used to study the ED of azeotrope mixtures in ethyl acetate and ethanol systems using organic solvent dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and ionic liquid (IL) ([EMIM][Ac]). The structural relationship between the ILs and the azeotrope mixture was analyzed by σ-profile, molecular surface electrostatic potential, interaction energy, and separation gradient. Subsequently, process simulation was carried out using Aspen Plus software and global optimization was performed with genetic algorithm, which found that both traditional organic solvents and ILs have good separation effects. But considering the high volatility of organic solvents and low saturation vapor pressure of ILs, it is considered to combine them to further explore the cost and carbon emission advantages in extractive distillation separation. Compared with pure organic solvent and pure ILs separation processes, the TAC of the process using an IL-based mixed solvent process decreased by 5.11 and 21.98%, respectively. The carbon emissions of the mixed extractant process were slightly higher than those of the pure organic solvent process, but the addition of ILs made very little volatilization of organic solvents, saving a charge for extractant use. By improving the process, waste heat is effectively recovered, which can save most of the utility engineering costs, and compared with the previous process, the total alkali consumption and carbon dioxide emissions are reduced by 9.43 and 27.17%, respectively. This exploration provides a theoretical reference for the development application and industrial research of ED processes using IL-based mixed solvents.
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Pro-inflammatory response impairs the constructive repair of abdominal wall defects after mesh implantation. Electrospinning-aid functionalization has the potential to improve the highly orchestrated response by attenuating the over-activation of foreign body reactions. Herein, we combined poly(L-lactic acid-co-caprolactone) (PLLA-CL) with gelatin proportionally via electrospinning, with Ibuprofen (IBU) incorporation to fabricate a bilayer mesh for the repair improvement. The PLLA-CL/gelatin/IBU (PGI) mesh was characterized in vitro and implanted into the rat model with a full-thickness defect for a comprehensive evaluation in comparison to the PLLA-CL/gelatin (PG) and off-the-shelf small intestinal submucosa (SIS) meshes. The bilayer PGI mesh presented a sustained release of IBU over 21 days with degradation in vitro and developed less-intensive intraperitoneal adhesion along with a histologically weaker inflammatory response than the PG mesh after 28 days. It elicited an M2 macrophage-dominant foreign body reaction within the process, leading to a pro-remodeling response similar to the biological SIS mesh, which was superior to the PG mesh. The PGI mesh provided preponderant mechanical supports over the SIS mesh and the native abdominal wall with similar compliance. Collectively, the newly developed mesh advances the intraperitoneal applicability of electrospun meshes by guiding a pro-remodeling response and offers a feasible functionalization approach upon immunomodulation.
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Parede Abdominal , Ibuprofeno , Ratos , Animais , Ibuprofeno/farmacologia , Parede Abdominal/cirurgia , Gelatina/farmacologia , Telas Cirúrgicas , Próteses e ImplantesRESUMO
BACKGROUND: China has been working towards measles elimination, but in 2017, measles outbreaks occurred in Ganzi and Aba prefectures of Sichuan province, representing 95% of all provincial cases and jeopardizing measles elimination. METHODS: During March and April 2017, high-performing prefectures were paired with outbreak and other interested counties to jointly conduct a measles-rubella (MR) catch-up campaign, build population immunity, and strengthen the counties' programs. RESULTS: House-to-house search identified 88,383 children in Ganzi that lacked MCV vaccination; 85,144 (96.34%) were vaccinated. Search identified 33,683 children in Aba who were not vaccinated against measles; 33,074 (98.19%) were vaccinated. The supporting prefectures helped install Immunization Information Systems and enroll unvaccinated children into the immunization program.The outbreak ended within a month and incidence has remained low for the subsequent six years. CONCLUSION: A paired catch-up campaign represents an effective model of using measles elimination strategies to strengthen local immunization programs for long-term program effectiveness.
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Sarampo , Rubéola (Sarampo Alemão) , Criança , Humanos , Lactente , Sarampo/epidemiologia , Sarampo/prevenção & controle , Rubéola (Sarampo Alemão)/prevenção & controle , Programas de Imunização , Surtos de Doenças/prevenção & controle , Vacinação , China/epidemiologia , Vacina contra SarampoRESUMO
Background: The mechanism(s) of cognitive impairment remains complex, making it difficult to confirm the factors influencing poststroke cognitive impairment (PSCI). Objective: This study quantitatively investigated the degree of influence and interactions of clinical indicators of PSCI. Methods: Information from 270 patients with PSCI and their Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS-RC) scores, totaling 18 indicators, were retrospectively collected. Correlations between the indicators and WAIS scores were calculated. Multiple linear regression model(MLR), genetic algorithm modified Back-Propagation neural network(GA-BP), logistic regression model (LR), XGBoost model (XGB), and structural equation model were used to analyze the degree of influence of factors on the WAIS and their mediating effects. Results: Seven indicators were significantly correlated with the WAIS scores: education, lesion side, aphasia, frontal lobe, temporal lobe, diffuse lesions, and disease course. The MLR showed significant effect of education, lesion side, aphasia, diffuse lesions, and frontal lobe on the WAIS. The GA-BP included five factors: education, aphasia, frontal lobe, temporal lobe, and diffuse lesions. LR predicted that the lesion side contributed more to mild cognitive impairment, while education, lesion side, aphasia, and course of the disease contributed more to severe cognitive impairment. XGB showed that education, side of the lesion, aphasia, and diffuse lesions contributed the most to PSCI. Aphasia plays a significant mediating role in patients with severe PSCI. Conclusions: Education, lesion side, aphasia, frontal lobe, and diffuse lesions significantly affected PSCI. Aphasia is a mediating variable between clinical information and the WAIS in patients with severe PSCI.
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Afasia , Disfunção Cognitiva , Acidente Vascular Cerebral , Humanos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/complicações , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/psicologia , Cognição , Disfunção Cognitiva/diagnóstico , Disfunção Cognitiva/etiologia , Disfunção Cognitiva/psicologia , InteligênciaRESUMO
Flexible electrothermal heaters have attracted abundant attention in recent years due to their wide applications, but their preparation with high efficiency remains a challenge. Here in this work, a highly stable and bending-tolerant flexible heater was fabricated with graphite nanosheets and cellulose fibers through a scalable papermaking procedure. Its electrothermal property can be enhanced by a hot-pressing treatment and introduction of cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM) during the papermaking protocol. The flexible heater may quickly reach its maximum temperature of 239.8 °C in around 1 min at a voltage of 9 V. The power density was up to 375.3 °C cm2 w-1. It appeared to have a high tolerance for bending deformation with various curvatures, and the temperature remained stable even under 100 bending with frequency of around 0.17 Hz. Over 100 alternatively heating and cooling cycles, it worked stably as well. It was proved to be used as wearable heating equipment, soft heaters, and aircraft deicing devices, suggesting its great prospect in the field of heat management.
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DTaP-HBV-IPV-Hib hexavalent vaccine has been used in high-income countries for many years to prevent diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, hepatitis B, poliomyelitis, and invasive Haemophilus influenzae type b disease. Currently, no hexavalent vaccines have been approved for use in China. Evidence of parental acceptance and interest in hexavalent vaccines can help policy makers and manufacturers make decisions about entering the vaccine market and the immunization program in China. We measured parental acceptance and willingness-to-pay (WTP) for a hexavalent vaccine to provide such evidence. We conducted a cross-sectional survey of children's caregivers in 16 vaccination clinics in seven cities in China and obtained information on socio-demographics, knowledge of disease, confidence in vaccines, previous vaccination experience, and acceptance of and WTP for hexavalent vaccine. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine factors influencing acceptance, and multivariate tobit regression was used to identify factors impacting WTP. Between April 28 and June 30, 2023, a total of 581 parents of children aged 0-6 years participated in the survey; 435 (74.87%, 95% CI:71.3%-78.4%) parents indicated acceptance of hexavalent vaccine. Residence location, parents' education level, experience paying for vaccination, and disease knowledge scores were key factors affecting parents' choices for vaccination. Mean (SD) and median (IQR) willingness to pay for full 4-dose course vaccination were 2266.66 (1177.1) CNY and 2400 (1600-2800) CNY. Children's age (p < .001), parents' education level (p = .024), and perceived price barriers (p < .001) were significantly associated with WTP. Parents have high acceptance and willingness to pay for hexavalent vaccine. The less money parents have to pay out of pocket, the more willing they can be to accept the vaccine. Therefore, acceptance may increase even further if the vaccine is covered by medical insurance, provided free of charge by the government, or if its price is reduced. Our results provide reference for optimizing and adjusting immunization strategies in China.