RESUMO
BACKGROUND: The genus Libanotis Haller ex Zinn, nom. cons., a contentious member of Apiaceae, encompasses numerous economically and medicinally significant plants, comprising approximately 30 species distributed across Eurasia. Despite many previous taxonomic insights into it, phylogenetic studies of the genus are still lacking. And the establishment of a robust phylogenetic framework remains elusive, impeding advancements and revisions in the taxonomic system for this genus. Plastomes with greater variability in their genetic characteristics hold promise for building a more robust Libanotis phylogeny. RESULTS: During our research, we sequenced, assembled, and annotated complete plastomes for twelve Libanotis species belong to three sections and two closely related taxa. We conducted a comprehensive comparative analysis through totally thirteen Libanotis plastomes for the genus, including an additional plastome that had been published. Our results suggested that Libanotis plastome was highly conserved between different subclades, while the coding regions were more conserved than the non-coding regions, and the IR regions were more conserved than the single copy regions. Nevertheless, eight mutation hotspot regions were identified among plastomes, which can be considered as candidate DNA barcodes for accurate species identification in Libanotis. The phylogenetic analyses generated a robustly framework for Libanotis and revealed that Libanotis was not a monophyletic group and their all three sections were polygenetic. Libanotis schrenkiana was sister to L. sibirica, type species of this genus, but the remainders scattered within Selineae. CONCLUSION: The plastomes of Libanotis exhibited a high degree of conservation and was effective in enhancing the support and resolution of phylogenetic analyses within this genus. Based on evidence from both phylogeny and morphology, we propose the recognition of "Libanotis sensu stricto" and provide taxonomic recommendations for other taxa that previously belonged to Libanotis. In conclusion, our study not only revealed the phylogenetic position and plastid evolution of Libanotis, but also provided new insights into the phylogeny of the family Apiaceae and phylogenetic relationships within the tribe Selineae.
Assuntos
Apiaceae , Filogenia , Evolução Molecular , Plastídeos/genética , PlantasRESUMO
BACKGROUND: There is a lack of reports in the literature regarding changes in radial artery blood flow after decannulation. The objective of this study was to investigate changes in radial and ulnar artery blood flow after radial artery decannulation using Doppler ultrasound and to explore the factors that influence radial artery blood flow recovery. METHODS: In current observational study, we used colour Doppler ultrasound to measure the cross-sectional area of the radial (SR) and ulnar artery (SU) and peak systolic velocity of the radial (PSVR) and ulnar artery (PSVU) for both hands at four time points in patients with radial artery cannulation: pre-cannulation (T0), 30 min after decannulation (T1), 24 h after decannulation (T2), and 7 days after decannulation (T3). Repeated measures analysis of variance and logistic regression analysis were performed to analyse the data. RESULTS: Overall, 120 patients were included in the present study. We obtained the following results on the side ipsilateral to the cannulation: compared with T0, the ratio of PSVU/PSVR increased significantly at T1 and T2 (p < 0.01); compared with T1, the ratio of PSVU/PSVR decreased significantly at T2 and T3 (p < 0.01); compared with T2, the ratio of PSVU/PSVR decreased significantly at T3 (p < 0.01). Female sex (OR, 2.76; 95% CI, 1.01-7.57; p = 0.048) and local hematoma (OR 3.04 [1.12-8.25]; p = 0.029) were factors that were significantly associated with the recovery of radial artery blood flow 7 days after decannulation. CONCLUSIONS: There was a compensatory increase in blood flow in the ulnar artery after ipsilateral radial artery decannulation. Female sex and local hematoma formation are factors that may affect the recovery of radial artery blood flow 7 days after catheter removal.
Assuntos
Cateterismo Periférico , Artéria Radial/fisiologia , Artéria Ulnar/fisiologia , Ultrassonografia Doppler em Cores/métodos , Velocidade do Fluxo Sanguíneo/fisiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Artéria Radial/diagnóstico por imagem , Fluxo Sanguíneo Regional/fisiologia , Artéria Ulnar/diagnóstico por imagemRESUMO
The effects of crude extract from the flowers of Trollius chinensis on expressions of mRNA and proteins related to vital genes (TLR 3, TBK 1, IRF 3 and IFN ß) in TLR 3 signaling pathway were investigated in the presence/absence of Polyinosinic acid-polycytidylic acid (PolyI: C) to ascertain the antiviral mechanism of these flowers. Real-time PCR and western blot were applied to determine the expressions of mRNA and proteins, respectively, and immunofluorescence assay was employed to study the effect on IRF 3 distribution between nuclei and cytoplasma. In the absence of PolyI:C, the crude extract reduced the mRNA expression of TLR 3, IRF 3 and IFN ß and the protein expression of TLR 3, and increased the protein expression of IRF 3 and the distribution of IRF 3 in nuclei. In the presence of PolyI:C, the extract reduced the mRNA and protein expressions of TLR 3 and the mRNA expression of IFN ß, meanwhile inhibited the translocation of IRF 3 into nuclei. The antiviral mechanism of the crude extract from the flowers of T. chinensis is to protect the host from inflammatory damage through intervening the TLR 3 signaling pathway and reducing the secretion of inflammatory factors.
Assuntos
Antivirais/farmacologia , Flores/química , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Ranunculaceae/química , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacos , Receptor 3 Toll-Like/metabolismo , Animais , Antivirais/química , Sobrevivência Celular , Cães , Regulação da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Madin Darby de Rim Canino , Extratos Vegetais/química , RNA Mensageiro/genética , RNA Mensageiro/metabolismo , Receptor 3 Toll-Like/genéticaRESUMO
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) biomolecules play critial roles in the biomineralization process during the formation of amorphous calcium phosphate composites (ACPC), and ACPC is an important drug carrier due to its significant advantages of biocompatibility and biodegradability. Hence, studying the behavior of ACPC nanodrug carriers is crucial to investigate the structural regulation of biomimetic minerals and calcium phosphate (CaP)-based drug delivery systems. However, it is difficult to probe these interactions using traditional characterization methods. In this paper, XANES analysis together with STXM successfully provided a method to reveal the interaction of ATP and drug molecules with individual mesoporous ACPC. We found that the adenosine and phosphate groups of ATP biomolecules coordinated with Ca2+ and played critical roles in the formation of ACPC; drug molecules with the -COOH groups were linked to Ca2+via carboxylic acid groups primarily by electrostatic interactions, and the N-containing ring structures within the drug molecules also coordinated with Ca2+.
Assuntos
Trifosfato de Adenosina/química , Fosfatos de Cálcio/química , Doxorrubicina/química , Nanocompostos/química , Portadores de Fármacos/química , Sistemas de Liberação de Medicamentos , Hemoglobinas/química , Tamanho da Partícula , Porosidade , Propriedades de Superfície , Espectroscopia por Absorção de Raios XRESUMO
Astragali Radix total flavonoids (ARTF) is one of the main bioactive components of Astragali Radix (AR), and has many pharmacological effects. However, its metabolism and effective forms remains unclear. The HPLC-DAD-ESI-IT-TOF-MSn technique was used to screen and tentatively identify the in vivo original constituents and metabolites of ARTF and to clarify their distribution in rats after oral administration. In addition, modern chromatographic methods were used to isolate the main metabolites from rat urine and NMR spectroscopy was used to elucidate their structures. As a result, 170 compounds (23 original constituents and 147 metabolites) were tentatively identified as forms existing in vivo, 13 of which have the same pharmacological effect with ARTF. Among 170 compounds, three were newly detected original constituents in vivo and 89 were new metabolites of ARTF, from which 12 metabolites were regarded as new compounds. Nineteen original constituents and 65 metabolites were detected in 10 organs. Four metabolites were isolated and identified from rat urine, including a new compound (calycoisn-3'-O-glucuronide methyl ester), a firstly-isolated metabolite (astraisoflavan-7-O-glucoside-2'-O-glucuronide), and two known metabolites (daidzein-7-O-sulfate and calycosin-3'-O-glucuronide). The original constituents and metabolites existing in vivo may be material basis for ARTF efficacy, and these findings are helpful for further clarifying the effective forms of ARTF.
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Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/química , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/farmacocinética , Flavonoides/química , Flavonoides/farmacocinética , Metaboloma , Metabolômica , Administração Oral , Animais , Astragalus propinquus , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Monitoramento de Medicamentos , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/administração & dosagem , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/metabolismo , Flavonoides/administração & dosagem , Metabolômica/métodos , Estrutura Molecular , Ratos , Espectrometria de Massas por Ionização por Electrospray , Espectrometria de Massas por Ionização e Dessorção a Laser Assistida por Matriz , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Distribuição TecidualRESUMO
Sibirioside A and angoroside C are two important phenylpropanoid glycosides of the traditional Chinese medicine Scrophulariae Radix. High performance liquid chromatography, coupled with an ion trap time-of-flight multistage mass spectrometry equipped with electrospray ionization source (HPLC-ESI-IT-TOF-MSn), was applied to the profile and we identified the metabolites of sibirioside A and angoroside C in vivo in rats. A total of four metabolites of sibirioside A were identified: SM1, SM2 and SM3 which were known as new compounds. A total of 25 metabolites were detected for angoroside C: AM4, AM5, AM6, AM7, AM16, AM17, AM20, AM21, AM22, AM23 and AM25 which were identified to be new compounds. The main metabolic reactions were hydrolysis, reduction, hydroxylation, methylation, sulfation, and gluconylation. The prototype of sibirioside A was widely distributed in tissues found in the heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, stomach and small intestine of rats, and mainly distributed in the stomach, small intestine, kidney and liver. But for angoroside C, nothing was found in the viscera except the stomach and small intestine. The metabolites of sibirioside A were mainly eliminated from feces, while it was urine for the metabolites of angoroside C. Furthermore, 19 metabolites were likely to have bioactivities based on the 'PharmMapper' analysis, which roughly matched the known pharmacological activities of Scrophulariae Radix (SR) and the prototypes. One of the main pharmacological activities of SR in traditional Chinese medicine is anti-diabetes, and the predicted results showed that SM1, SM2, SM3, AM2, AM4, AM5, AM6, AM9, AM10, AM11, AM12, AM13, AM15, AM18, AM19, AM24, and AM25 might be used to cure diabetes. These findings provide a reference for studying the metabolism, distribution and pharmacological actions of phenylpropanoid glycosides in vivo.
Assuntos
Ácidos Cumáricos/metabolismo , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/administração & dosagem , Glicosídeos/metabolismo , Medicina Tradicional Chinesa , Fenilpropionatos/metabolismo , Trissacarídeos/metabolismo , Animais , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Ácidos Cumáricos/administração & dosagem , Ácidos Cumáricos/química , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/química , Glicosídeos/administração & dosagem , Glicosídeos/química , Humanos , Fenilpropionatos/administração & dosagem , Fenilpropionatos/química , Raízes de Plantas/química , Raízes de Plantas/metabolismo , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Scrophularia/química , Espectrometria de Massas por Ionização por Electrospray , Distribuição Tecidual/efeitos dos fármacos , Trissacarídeos/administração & dosagem , Trissacarídeos/químicaRESUMO
In order to investigate the anti-inflammatory activity of flavonoids, phenolic acids, and alkaloids from the flowers of Trollius chinensis, some representative compounds, namely, orientin, 2"-O-ß-L-galactopyranosylorientin, vitexin, quercetin, isoquercetin, luteolin, veratric acid, proglobeflowery acid, trollioside, and trolline were selected to study their inhibitory effects against LPS-induced NO, IL-6, and TNF-ß release in RAW264.7 cells. At the higher concentration, both phenolic acids and flavonoids inhibited the production of NO, whereas only phenolic acids showed this effect at the lower concentration. Although trolline had stronger cytotoxicity, it exhibited a potential effect of decreasing NO production induced by LPS in the non-toxic concentration range. In addition, all tested compounds decreased the production of IL-6 and TNF-a by almost 50% at both the higher and lower concentrations. It is concluded that the anti-inflammatory activity of the phenolic acids is stronger than that of the flavonoids.
Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Flores , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Ranunculaceae , Ácido Vanílico/análogos & derivados , Alcaloides/isolamento & purificação , Alcaloides/farmacologia , Animais , Anti-Inflamatórios/isolamento & purificação , Apigenina/isolamento & purificação , Apigenina/farmacologia , Sobrevivência Celular/fisiologia , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Flavonoides/isolamento & purificação , Flavonoides/farmacologia , Glucosídeos/isolamento & purificação , Glucosídeos/farmacologia , Camundongos , Extratos Vegetais/isolamento & purificação , Células RAW 264.7 , Ácido Vanílico/isolamento & purificação , Ácido Vanílico/farmacologiaRESUMO
Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the leading causes of malignancy-related death in China. Its therapy in clinics is a big challenge. Ginsenoside Rh2 is one of the most notable cancer-preventing components from red ginseng and it has been reported that ginsenoside Rh2 exhibited potent cytotoxicity against human hepatoma cells. Rh2 exists as two different stereoisomeric forms, (20S)-ginsenoside Rh2 and (20R)-ginsenoside Rh2. Previous reports showed that the Rh2 epimers demonstrated different pharmacological activities and only (20S)-ginsenoside Rh2 showed potent proliferation inhibition on cancer cells in vitro. However, the in vivo anti-hepatoma activity of (20R)-ginsenoside Rh2 and (20S)-ginsenoside Rh2 has not been reported yet. This work assessed and compared the anti-hepatoma activities of (20S)-ginsenoside Rh2 and (20R)-ginsenoside Rh2 using H22 a hepatoma-bearing mouse model in vivo. In addition, hematoxylin and eosin staining, the deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling assay, and the semiquantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction method were used to further study the apoptosis of the tumors. The results showed that both (20S)-ginsenoside Rh2 and (20R)-ginsenoside Rh2 suppressed the growth of H22 transplanted tumors in vivo, and the highest inhibition rate could be up to 42.2 and 46.8â%, respectively (p < 0.05). Further, hematoxylin/eosin staining and the deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling assay indicated that both (20R)-ginsenoside Rh2 and (20S)-ginsenoside Rh2 could induce H22 hepatoma tumor cell apoptosis, with apoptosis indexes of 3.87â%, and 3.80â%, respectively (p < 0.05). Moreover, this effect was accompanied by downregulating the level of Bcl-2 mRNA. In conclusion, both (20S)-ginsenoside Rh2 and (20R)-ginsenoside Rh2 can suppress the growth of H22 hepatomas without causing severe side effects, and this effect is associated with the induction of apoptosis.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/uso terapêutico , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/tratamento farmacológico , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/uso terapêutico , Ginsenosídeos/uso terapêutico , Neoplasias Hepáticas Experimentais/tratamento farmacológico , Panax/química , Animais , Ensaios de Seleção de Medicamentos Antitumorais , Feminino , Isomerismo , CamundongosRESUMO
UNLABELLED: Objective: To investigate the stability of human intestinal bacterial biotransformation model using isoquercetin as the substrate of transformation. METHODs: The in vitro transformation model was established using the intestinal bacteria form different volunteers, or different passages of the same volunteer in accordance with the "biotransformation model of human intestinal bacteria and its standard operating procedures" to transform isoquercetin. RESULTS: Within 24 hours, all models established with the intestinal bacteria from different volunteers could transform isoquercetin to quercetin and the transformation efficiency was inclined to increase with the increase of the number of culture passages. CONCLUSION: The intestinal bacterial model established in accordance with the "standard operating procedures" is stable and the results obtained with this model are reproducible, which demonstrats the suitability of this model for the investigation of the chemical constituents of Chinese medicinal materials.
Assuntos
Biotransformação , Intestinos/microbiologia , Quercetina/metabolismo , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas , HumanosRESUMO
The absorption properties, mechanism of action, and structure-property relationship of three phenolic acids isolated from the flowers of Trollius chinensis Bunge, namely, proglobeflowery acid (PA), globeflowery acid (GA) and trolloside (TS), were investigated using the human Caco-2 cell monolayer model. The results showed that these three phenolic acids were transported across the Caco-2 cell monolayer in a time and concentration dependent manner at the Papp level of 10-5 cm/s, and their extent of absorption correlated with their polarity and molecular weight. In conclusion, all three of these compounds were easily absorbed through passive diffusion, which implied their high bioavailability and significant contribution to the effectiveness of T. chinensis.
Assuntos
Hidroxibenzoatos , Parabenos , Ranunculaceae/química , Células CACO-2 , Humanos , Hidroxibenzoatos/química , Hidroxibenzoatos/isolamento & purificação , Hidroxibenzoatos/farmacocinética , Hidroxibenzoatos/farmacologia , Parabenos/química , Parabenos/isolamento & purificação , Parabenos/farmacocinética , Parabenos/farmacologia , Relação Estrutura-AtividadeRESUMO
Oxidative stress resulting from reactive oxygen species (ROS) is often considered to be the leading cause of interstitial cystitis (IC), which is a chronic inflammatory disease. Antioxidants have been proven to have promising therapeutic effects on IC. In this study, we present an antioxidant intervention for IC by introducing curcumin-loaded cerium oxide nanoparticles (Cur-CONPs). Recognizing oxidative stress as the primary contributor to IC, our research builds on previous work utilizing cerium oxide nanoparticles (CONPs) for their outstanding antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. However, given the need to effectively relieve acute inflammation, we engineered Cur-CONPs to harness the short-term radical-scavenging antioxidant prowess of curcumin. Through in vitro studies, we demonstrate that the Cur-CONPs exhibit not only robust antioxidant capabilities but also superior anti-inflammatory properties over CONPs alone. Furthermore, in vivo studies validate the therapeutic effects of Cur-CONPs on IC. Mice with IC subjected to the Cur-CONP treatment exhibited improved micturition behaviors, relief from pelvic pain sensitivity, and reduced expression of inflammatory proteins (IL-6, IL-1ß, TNF-α, Cox2). These findings suggest that the synergistic antioxidant properties of the Cur-CONPs that combine the sustained antioxidant properties of CONPs and acute anti-inflammatory capabilities of curcumin hold promise as a novel treatment strategy for IC.
RESUMO
This study was carried out to investigate the protective effects of chitosan nanoparticles (CNP) against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced oxidative damage in murine macrophages RAW264.7 cells. After 24 h pre-incubation with CNP (25-200 µg/mL) and chitosan (CS) (50-200 µg/mL, as controls), the viability loss in RAW264.7 cells induced by H2O2 (500 µM) for 12 h was markedly restored in a concentration-dependent manner as measured by MTT assay (P < 0.05) and decreased in cellular LDH release (P < 0.05). Moreover, CNP also exerted preventive effects on suppressing the production of lipid peroxidation such as malondialdehyde (MDA) (P < 0.05), restoring activities of endogenous antioxidant including superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) (P < 0.05), along with increasing total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) (P < 0.05). In addition, pre-incubation of CNP with RAW264.7 cells for 24 h resulted in the increase of the gene expression level of endogenous antioxidant enzymes, such as MnSOD and GSH-Px (P < 0.05). At the same concentration, CNP significantly decreased LDH release and MDA (P < 0.05) as well as increased MnSOD, GSH-Px, and T-AOC activities (P < 0.05) as compared to CS. Taken together, our findings suggest that CNP can more effectively protect RAW264.7 cells against oxidative stress by H2O2 as compared to CS, which might be used as a potential natural compound-based antioxidant in the functional food and pharmaceutical industries.
Assuntos
Quitosana/farmacologia , Peróxido de Hidrogênio/farmacologia , Macrófagos/efeitos dos fármacos , Nanopartículas/administração & dosagem , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Células Cultivadas , Glutationa Peroxidase/metabolismo , Macrófagos/metabolismo , Camundongos , Óxido Nítrico/metabolismo , Superóxido Dismutase/metabolismoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Sacrococcygeal hernia is a very rare condition that is usually secondary to sacrococcygectomy, and its ideal treatment regimen is unclear. Herein, we report a case of sacrococcygeal hernia occurring in a patient who had no history of sacrococcygeal operation, present the operative procedures of mesh repair via a combined laparoscopic and sacrococcygeal approach that has not been described, and discuss our experience in diagnosis and treatment with a review of the literature. CASE SUMMARY: A 54-year-old woman who chiefly complained of a 10-year history of a reversible bulge in her right sacrococcygeal region was admitted to our hospital. The physical examination revealed a bulge in the right sacrococcygeal region upon standing, which disappeared in the prone position but relapsed when performing the Valsalva manoeuvre. Computed tomography displayed an abnormality in the structure of the tissues between the midline of the sacrococcygeal region and the right gluteus muscle. The patient was diagnosed with sacrococcygeal hernia and received hernia repair with mesh through a combined laparoscopic and sacrococcygeal approach. On laparoscopy, the rectum was dissected posterolaterally, and a defect was identified in the right anterior sacrococcygeal region through which part of the rectum protruded. This was followed by the placement of a self-gripping polyester mesh via a sacrococcygeal approach. There were no postoperative complications. The patient was discharged on postoperative day 7 and was followed for more than 6 mo with no recurrence. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic mesh repair is recommended as a priority of surgical options for sacrococcygeal hernias, while choosing a self-gripping mesh can help avoid the risk of presacral vessel injury by reducing suture fixation.
RESUMO
Ononin is a bioactive isoflavone of legumes. To explore the "effective forms" of ononin, its metabolites were characterized using HPLC-ESI-IT-TOF-MSn after oral administration to rats. Metabolites (106), including 94 new metabolites, were characterized, which contained 17 phase I, 23 hydroxylated and methylated, 54 sulfated, 10 glucuronidated, and 2 sulfated and glucuronidated metabolites. Six hydroxylated metabolites of formononetin (aglycone of ononin) were simultaneously detected for the first time. Twenty-three hydroxylated and methylated metabolites were the new metabolites of ononin, and the number of hydroxylation and methylation was 1-3 and 1-2. Twenty metabolites have ononin-related bioactivities, and many metabolites have the same bioactivities. Their probable mechanisms of action may be additive and/or synergistic effects, especially because of the addition of the blood concentrations of these compounds. The results provide a foundation for a better understanding of the "effective forms" of ononin.
Assuntos
Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/química , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/metabolismo , Glucosídeos/química , Glucosídeos/metabolismo , Isoflavonas/química , Isoflavonas/metabolismo , Administração Oral , Animais , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/administração & dosagem , Glucosídeos/administração & dosagem , Isoflavonas/administração & dosagem , Masculino , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Espectrometria de Massas por Ionização por Electrospray , Espectrometria de Massas em TandemRESUMO
PURPOSE: To compare the differences between the osteogenic development in vivo and osteogenic differentiation in vitro of mouse maxillary primordium mesenchymal cells (MPMCs). METHODS: E10.5 and E17.5 mouse MPMCs were cultured in vitro to observe cell morphology. E10.5 primary MPMCs, after culturing in vitro for 3 days, were cultured in osteogenic differentiation in vitro for another 7 days. Then immunofluorescence and qPCR were used to compare the difference of osteogenic differentiation with E17.5 primary MPMCs cultured in vitro for 3 days. SPSS 20.0 software package was used for independent samples t test. RESULTS: E10.5 and E17.5 mouse MPMCs adhered to dish when cultured in vitro, and the cells exhibited polygonal or oval shape. The proliferation of E17.5 mouse MPMCs was faster than that of E10.5 MPMCs. After 7 days of osteogenic induction, the expression of Runx2 and OCN proteins, two osteogenic markers, in E10.5 mouse MPMCs was similar to E17.5 cells without osteogenic induction. The mRNA expression of Runx2, OCN and OPN also showed similar expression patterns, and there was no significant difference in the calcium nodules formation between E10.5 MPMCs and E17.5 MPMCs. CONCLUSIONS: In vitro osteogenic induction of E10.5 mouse MPMCs can mimic osteogenic development process of MPMCs in vivo, and provide a suitable cell model for the study of jaw development.
Assuntos
Diferenciação Celular , Maxila , Células-Tronco Mesenquimais , Osteogênese , Animais , Células Cultivadas , Maxila/citologia , CamundongosRESUMO
A new lignan, tirpitzin A (17) together with 20 known compounds (1-16, and 18-21) were isolated from the ethyl acetate soluble fraction of ethanol extract of the aerial parts of Tirpitzia ovoidea. The structure of new compound was elucidated by means of spectroscopic analysis. Of the known compounds, 7-21 were isolated from Linaceae family for the first time. The pharmacological activity of the crude extracts was tested using a mouse inflammation model induced by dimethyl benzene. The results demonstrated that the ethyl acetate soluble fraction had anti-inflammatory activity. Moreover, the cytotoxic and anti-inflammatory activities of some compounds were studied. The new compound 17 showed moderate cytotoxic effect against BxPC-3 cell line (IC50 = 19.51µmol·L-1) and Compound 10 showed significant cytotoxicity against HepG2, HL-60, U87 and BxPC-3 cell lines with IC50 values in the range 4.2-8.3µmol·L-1. Additionally, Compounds 2, 10, 11, and 13 exhibited potent inhibitory effects on LPS-induced nitric oxide production in RAW 264.7 macrophages at the concentration of 50µmol·L-1.
Assuntos
Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Diterpenos/farmacologia , Lignanas/farmacologia , Linaceae/química , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Animais , Anti-Inflamatórios/química , Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Diterpenos/química , Diterpenos/toxicidade , Células HL-60 , Células Hep G2 , Humanos , Concentração Inibidora 50 , Lignanas/química , Lignanas/toxicidade , Macrófagos/efeitos dos fármacos , Camundongos , Óxido Nítrico/metabolismo , Componentes Aéreos da Planta/química , Extratos Vegetais/química , Extratos Vegetais/toxicidade , Células RAW 264.7RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To explore why sentinel lymph node biopsies (SLNB) produce false negative results in breast cancer patients by studying the anatomical origin of sentinel lymphatic channels (SLCs), as well as the relationship between SLCs and sentinel lymph node (SLN). METHODS: Sixty-two breast cancer patients consenting to modified radical mastectomies were marked by exit angle (theta(e)) preoperatively and were injected with 3 ml of methylene blue (MB) into the inner edge of the areolae under general anesthesia. SLCs were carefully dissected to retain connections between the areolae and SLN to define the direction, route and number of SLCs and their relationship with the SLN. RESULTS: SLCs and SLN were identified in 52 cases (83.87%) successfully. In 49 of these 52 cases (94.23%) the SLCs exited from the areolae and terminated in axilla with an theta(e) = 31 degrees - 90 degrees , and in 36 of 52 cases (69.23%) with an theta(e) = 61 degrees - 90 degrees . The majority of the time, one SLN was identified (92.31%, n = 48) with two identified SLNs occurring only 7.69% (n = 4) of the time. There were three patterns of connectivity: 1) Two SLCs could connect to one SLN separately; 2) One SLC could divide into several branches before or after entering axilla, which ultimately connected to one SLN; or 3) One SLC could divide into two branches before entering axilla, which connected to one SLN separately and these two SLNs could be located in different parts of axilla. No false negative or false positive was demonstrated by pathological analysis of SLN which was identified according to SLCs. CONCLUSIONS: No evidence showed that the mechanism of axillary lymph node metastasis is skip metastasis. We conclude that false negative results from SLNB seems to be associated with the technique used, which may be caused by the incomplete knowledge of the anatomical relationship between SLCs and SLN.
Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Sistema Linfático/patologia , Biópsia de Linfonodo Sentinela , Adulto , Idoso , Reações Falso-Negativas , Feminino , Humanos , Metástase Linfática , Azul de Metileno , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
Sulfated polysaccharides extracted from brown marine algae have been shown to possess a variety of biological activities. We assessed the potential activity of the sulfated polysaccharide from Sargassum horneri (SP) and its isolated two major components (fraction-1 (F1) and fraction-2 (F2)), on anti-inflammatory activity in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. In the present study, analysis of polysaccharide chemical composition found that the constituent ratios of sulfate ester and fucose in SP and F1 were 4.95% vs 7.6%, and 4.48% vs 55.9%, respectively, suggesting that F1 may be a major sulfated polysaccharide containing fucose. Meanwhile, our findings demonstrated that TNF-α secretion levels were significantly (P<0.05) decreased by SP and F1 treatments in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells in a dose-dependent manner under the preventive and repair experimental models. Pro-/anti-inflammatory (TNF-α/IL-10) cytokines secretion ratios by LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages were significantly (P<0.05) inhibited by SP and F1 treatments, particularly by F1 (at high dose, 200µg/ml). Moreover, NO release and iNOS activity were significantly (P<0.05) inhibited by F1. Collectively, the present study suggested that purified component, F1 from SP, had strong anti-inflammatory effects on LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages in the preventive and repair manner through inhibiting TNF-α secretion levels and NO release.
Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Inflamação/tratamento farmacológico , Polissacarídeos/farmacologia , Sargassum/química , Animais , Anti-Inflamatórios/química , Anti-Inflamatórios/isolamento & purificação , Regulação da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Inflamação/induzido quimicamente , Interleucina-10/metabolismo , Lipopolissacarídeos/toxicidade , Macrófagos/efeitos dos fármacos , Camundongos , Óxido Nítrico/metabolismo , Polissacarídeos/química , Polissacarídeos/isolamento & purificação , Células RAW 264.7/efeitos dos fármacos , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/metabolismoRESUMO
The present study was designed to determine the intestinal bacterial metabolites of trollioside and isoquercetin and their antibacterial activities. A systematic in vitro biotransformation investigation on trollioside and isoquercetin, including metabolite identification, metabolic pathway deduction, and time course, was accomplished using a human intestinal bacterial model. The metabolites were analyzed and identified by HPLC and HPLC-MS. The antibacterial activities of trollioside, isoquercetin, and their metabolites were evaluated using the broth microdilution method with berberine as a positive control, and their potency was measured as minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC). Our results indicated that trollioside and isoquercetin were metabolized by human intestinal flora through O-deglycosylation, yielding aglycones proglobeflowery acid and quercetin, respectively The antibacterial activities of both metabolites were more potent than that of their parent compounds. In conclusion, trollioside and isoquercetin are totally and rapidly transformed by human intestinal bacteria in vitro and the transformation favors the improvement of the antibacterial activities of the parent compounds.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos/metabolismo , Bactérias/metabolismo , Benzoatos/metabolismo , Glucosídeos/metabolismo , Quercetina/análogos & derivados , Ativação Metabólica , Biotransformação , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Humanos , Intestinos/microbiologia , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Modelos Biológicos , Quercetina/metabolismoRESUMO
The present study was designed to investigate the pharmacokinetics and tissue distributions of veratric acid following intravenous administration in rats. The concentrations of veratric acid in rat plasma at various times after administrated at doses of 2.5, 5, and 10 mg·kg(-1) were quantified by HPLC. The tissue distributions of veratric acid at various times after a single intravenous dose of 2.5 mg·kg(-1) were also analyzed. The plasma pharmacokinetic parameters at the three doses were as follows: t(1/2), (86.23 ± 6.83), (72.66 ± 4.10) and (71.20 ± 2.90) min; C0, (11.10 ± 1.47), (23.67 ± 1.24) and (39.17 ± 3.90) µg·mL(-1); and AUC(0â∞), (1 240.90 ± 129.14), (2 273.84 ± 132.47) and (3 516.4 ± 403.37) min·µg·mL(-1), respectively. The compound was distributed into tissues rapidly and extensively after intravenous administration and was mainly distributed into the liver, heart and kidneys.