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1.
Anal Chem ; 95(49): 17957-17961, 2023 12 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38084380

RESUMO

Biotransformation leading to single residue modifications (e.g., deamidation, oxidation) can contribute to decreased efficacy/potency, poor pharmacokinetics, and/or toxicity/immunogenicity for protein therapeutics. Identifying and characterizing such liabilities in vivo are emerging needs for biologics drug discovery. In vitro stress assays involving PBS for deamidation or AAPH for oxidation are commonly used for predicting liabilities in manufacturing and storage and are sometimes considered a predictive tool for in vivo liabilities. However, reports discussing their in vivo translatability are limited. Herein, we introduce a mass spectrometry workflow that characterizes in vivo oxidation and deamidation in pharmacokinetically relevant compartments for diverse protein therapeutic modalities. The workflow has low bias of <10% in quantitating degradation in the relevant pharmacokinetic concentration range for monkey and rabbit serum/plasma (1-100 µg/mL) and allows for high sequence coverage (∼85%) for discovery/monitoring of amino acid modifications. For oxidation and deamidation, the assay was precise, with percent coefficient of variation of <8% at 1-100 µg/mL and ≤6% method-induced artifacts. A high degree of in vitro and in vivo correlation was observed for deamidation on the six diverse protein therapeutics (seven liability sites) tested. In vivo translatability for oxidation liabilities were not observed for the 11 molecules tested using in vitro AAPH stress. One of the molecules dosed in eyes resulted in a false positive and a false negative prediction for in vivo oxidation following AAPH stress. Finally, peroxide stress was also tested but resulted in limited success (1 out of 4 molecules) in predicting oxidation liabilities.


Assuntos
Oxirredução , Animais , Coelhos , Biotransformação
2.
Anal Chem ; 95(11): 4834-4839, 2023 03 21.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36876898

RESUMO

The growing opportunities recognized for covalent drug inhibitors, like KRAS G12C inhibitors, are driving the need for mass spectrometry methods that can quickly and robustly measure therapeutic drug activity in vivo for drug discovery research and development. Effective front-end sample preparation is critical for proteins extracted from tumors but is generally labor intensive and impractical for large sample numbers typical in pharmacodynamic (PD) studies. Herein, we describe an automated and integrated sample preparation method for the measurement of activity levels of KRAS G12C drug inhibitor alkylation from complex tumor samples involving high throughput detergent removal and preconcentration followed by quantitation using mass spectrometry. We introduce a robust assay with an average intra-assay coefficient of variation (CV) of 4% and an interassay CV of 6% obtained from seven studies, enabling us to understand the relationship between KRAS G12C target occupancy and the therapeutic PD effect from mouse tumor samples. Further, the data demonstrated that the drug candidate GDC-6036, a KRAS G12C covalent inhibitor, shows dose-dependent target inhibition (KRAS G12C alkylation) and MAPK pathway inhibition, which correlate with high antitumor potency in the MIA PaCa-2 pancreatic xenograft model.


Assuntos
Antineoplásicos , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas p21(ras) , Humanos , Animais , Camundongos , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas p21(ras)/genética , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Mutação , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Modelos Animais de Doenças
3.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A ; 117(18): 9851-9856, 2020 05 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32327606

RESUMO

Toward the goal of increasing the throughput of high-resolution mass characterization of intact antibodies, we developed a RapidFire-mass spectrometry (MS) assay using electrospray ionization. We achieved unprecedented screening throughput as fast as 15 s/sample, which is an order of magnitude improvement over conventional liquid chromatography (LC)-MS approaches. The screening enabled intact mass determination as accurate as 7 ppm with baseline resolution at the glycoform level for intact antibodies. We utilized this assay to characterize and perform relative quantitation of antibody species from 248 samples of 62 different cell line clones at four time points in 2 h using RapidFire-time-of-flight MS screening. The screening enabled selection of clones with the highest purity of bispecific antibody production and the results significantly correlated with conventional LC-MS results. In addition, analyzing antibodies from a complex plasma sample using affinity-RapidFire-MS was also demonstrated and qualified. In summary, the platform affords high-throughput analyses of antibodies, including bispecific antibodies and potential mispaired side products, in cell culture media, or other complex matrices.


Assuntos
Anticorpos Biespecíficos/sangue , Anticorpos/sangue , Ensaios de Triagem em Larga Escala/métodos , Espectrometria de Massas por Ionização por Electrospray/métodos , Anticorpos/isolamento & purificação , Anticorpos Biespecíficos/isolamento & purificação , Linhagem Celular , Cromatografia Líquida/métodos , Humanos
4.
Anal Bioanal Chem ; 414(22): 6601-6610, 2022 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35821276

RESUMO

Proteases are critical proteins involved in cleaving substrates that may impact biological pathways, cellular processes, or disease progression. In the biopharmaceutical industry, modulating the levels of protease activity is an important strategy for mitigating many types of diseases. While a variety of analytical tools exist for characterizing substrate cleavages, in vitro functional screening for antibody inhibitors of protease activity using physiologically relevant intact protein substrates remains challenging. In addition, detecting such large protein substrates with high heterogeneity using high-throughput mass spectrometry screening has rarely been reported in the literature with concerns for assay robustness and sensitivity. In this study, we established a peptide-based in vitro functional screening assay for antibody inhibitors of mouse bone morphogenic protein 1 (mBMP1) metalloprotease using a heterogeneous recombinant 66-kDa mouse Procollagen I alpha 1 chain (mProcollagen) substrate. We compared several analytical tools including capillary gel electrophoresis Western blot (CE-Western blot), as well as both intact protein and peptide-based mass spectrometry (MS) to quantitate the mBMP1 proteolytic activity and its inhibition by antibodies using this heterogeneous mProcollagen substrate. We concluded that the peptide-based mass spectrometry screening assay was the most suitable approach in terms of throughput, sensitivity, and assay robustness. We then optimized our mBMP1 proteolysis reaction after characterizing the enzyme kinetics using the peptide-based MS assay. This assay resulted in Z' values ranging from 0.6 to 0.8 from the screening campaign. Among over 1200 antibodies screened, IC50 characterization was performed on the top candidate hits, which showed partial or complete inhibitory activities against mBMP1.


Assuntos
Peptídeos , Pró-Colágeno , Animais , Espectrometria de Massas , Camundongos , Peptídeo Hidrolases/metabolismo , Peptídeos/metabolismo , Pró-Colágeno/metabolismo , Proteínas/metabolismo , Proteólise , Especificidade por Substrato
5.
Anal Chem ; 92(10): 6839-6843, 2020 05 19.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32309925

RESUMO

There are many pharmacokinetic challenges associated with administering protein therapeutics, including biotransformation via clipping, deamidation, isomerization, oxidation, etc. In the case of engineered multivalent tethered antibody formats, proteolysis or deconjugation at the fusion or conjugation site present further issues. Unlike degradations associated with antibody drug conjugates, such biotransformations of tethered antibody formats usually result in degraded products with large mass differences. These large differences can result in processing or mass spectrometry response bias among the resulting product species that can lead to inaccurate stability quantitation. Herein, we describe an assay strategy for characterizing and quantitating degradations accurately for multivalent antibodies by incorporating response bias corrections. For the multivalent tethered antibody molecules selected, an ∼30-80% difference in response, compared to the cleaved product, was observed. To correct for the response bias, selected tethered multivalent antibodies and an IgG antibody (representing the stable intact and the degraded product species, respectively) were spiked in serum at known ratios for analysis. Following affinity capture, we generated calibration curves (five-parameter logistic fit p < 0.05) by plotting the measured ratios of the MS ion responses against the known spiked-in ratios (CVs < 8% for calibration standards). The qualified calibration curve (accuracy within 8% and 2% for measuring degradations of 5% and 15% product, respectively) was then used, through interpolation, to determine stability profiles for the same multivalent tethered antibody formats from both in vitro serum and pharmacokinetic study samples.


Assuntos
Anticorpos/análise , Imunoconjugados/análise , Cromatografia Líquida , Espectrometria de Massas
6.
Anal Chem ; 92(2): 2186-2193, 2020 01 21.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31880920

RESUMO

With the rapid rise of therapeutic antibodies and antibody-drug conjugates, significant investments have been made in developing workflows that utilize mass spectrometry to detect these intact molecules, the large fragments generated by their selective digestion, and the peptides generated by traditional proteomics workflows. The resultant data is used to gain insight into a wide range of parameters, including primary sequence, disulfide bonding, glycosylation patterns, biotransformation, and more. However, many of the technologies utilized to couple these workflows to mass spectrometers have significant limitations that force nonoptimal modifications to upstream sample preparation steps, limit the throughput of high-volume workflows, and prevent the harmonization of diverse experiments onto a single hardware platform. Here, we describe a new analytical platform that enables direct and high-throughput coupling to electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. The SampleStream platform is compatible with both native and denaturing electrospray, operates with a throughput of up to 15 s/sample, provides extensive concentration of dilute samples, and affords similar sensitivity to comparable liquid chromatographic methods.


Assuntos
Anticorpos Monoclonais/análise , Ensaios de Triagem em Larga Escala , Imunoconjugados/análise , Ensaios de Triagem em Larga Escala/instrumentação , Software , Espectrometria de Massas por Ionização por Electrospray/instrumentação
7.
Anal Chem ; 91(1): 903-911, 2019 01 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30481450

RESUMO

High throughput protein-ligand interaction screening assays employing mass spectrometric detection are widely used in early stage drug discovery. Mass spectrometry-based screening approaches employ a target protein added to a pool of small-molecule compounds, and binding is assessed by measuring ligands denatured from the complexes. Direct analysis of protein-ligand interactions using native mass spectrometry has been demonstrated but is not widely used due to the detection limit on protein size, the requirement of volatile buffers, and the necessity for specialized instrumentation to preserve weak interactions under native conditions. Here we present a robust, quantitative, and automated online size-exclusion chromatography-native mass spectrometry (SEC-nMS) platform for measuring affinities of noncovalent protein-small-molecule interactions on an Orbitrap mass spectrometer. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1, a catabolic enzyme, and inhibitory ligands were employed as a demonstration of the method. Efficient separation and elution enabled preservation of protein-ligand complexes and increased throughput. The high sensitivity and intra charge state resolution at high m/ z offered by the Exactive Plus EMR Orbitrap allowed for protein ligand affinity quantitation and resolved individual compounds close in mass. Vc50 values determined via collision-induced dissociation experiments enabled the evaluation of complex stability in the gas phase and were found to be independent of the extent of complex formation. For the first time, Vc50 determinations were achieved on an inline SEC-nMS platform. Systematic comparison of our method with optimized chip-based nanoelectrospray infusion served as a reference for ligand screening and affinity quantitation and further revealed the advantages of SEC-MS.


Assuntos
Acetatos/análise , Inibidores Enzimáticos/análise , Ensaios de Triagem em Larga Escala , Indolamina-Pirrol 2,3,-Dioxigenase/análise , Bibliotecas de Moléculas Pequenas/análise , Acetatos/farmacologia , Cromatografia em Gel , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Inibidores Enzimáticos/farmacologia , Indolamina-Pirrol 2,3,-Dioxigenase/antagonistas & inibidores , Ligantes , Espectrometria de Massas , Bibliotecas de Moléculas Pequenas/farmacologia
8.
Drug Metab Dispos ; 47(10): 1156-1163, 2019 10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31085544

RESUMO

In cells, catalytic disulfide cleavage is an essential mechanism in protein folding and synthesis. However, detailed enzymatic catalytic mechanism relating cleavage of disulfide bonds in xenobiotics is not well understood. This study reports an enzymatic mechanism of cleavage of disulfide bonds in xenobiotic small molecules and antibody conjugate (ADC) linkers. The chemically stable disulfide bonds in substituted disulfide-containing pyrrolobenzodiazepine (PBD, pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]benzodiazepine) monomer prodrugs in presence of glutathione or cysteine were found to be unstable in incubations in whole blood of humans and rats. It was shown the enzymes involved were thioredoxin (TRX) and glutaredoxin (GRX). For a diverse set of drug-linker conjugates, we determined that TRX in the presence of TRX-reductase and NADPH generated the cleaved products that are consistent with catalytic disulfide cleavage and linker immolation. GRX was less rigorously studied; in the set of compounds studied, its role in the catalytic cleavage was also confirmed. Collectively, these in vitro experiments demonstrate that TRX as well as GRX can catalyze the cleavage of disulfide bonds in both small molecules and linkers of ADCs.


Assuntos
Glutarredoxinas/metabolismo , Imunoconjugados/farmacocinética , Tiorredoxinas/metabolismo , Animais , Benzodiazepinas/química , Benzodiazepinas/metabolismo , Dissulfetos/química , Dissulfetos/metabolismo , Feminino , Humanos , Imunoconjugados/química , Masculino , Pirróis/química , Pirróis/metabolismo , Ratos , Proteínas Recombinantes/metabolismo , Tiorredoxina Dissulfeto Redutase/metabolismo
9.
Bioconjug Chem ; 29(2): 473-485, 2018 02 21.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29425028

RESUMO

THIOMAB antibody technology utilizes cysteine residues engineered onto an antibody to allow for site-specific conjugation. The technology has enabled the exploration of different attachment sites on the antibody in combination with small molecules, peptides, or proteins to yield antibody conjugates with unique properties. As reported previously ( Shen , B. Q. , et al. ( 2012 ) Nat. Biotechnol. 30 , 184 - 189 ; Pillow , T. H. , et al. ( 2017 ) Chem. Sci. 8 , 366 - 370 ), the specific location of the site of conjugation on an antibody can impact the stability of the linkage to the engineered cysteine for both thio-succinimide and disulfide bonds. High stability of the linkage is usually desired to maximize the delivery of the cargo to the intended target. In the current study, cysteines were individually substituted into every position of the anti-HER2 antibody (trastuzumab), and the stabilities of drug conjugations at those sites were evaluated. We screened a total of 648 THIOMAB antibody-drug conjugates, each generated from a trastuzamab prepared by sequentially mutating non-cysteine amino acids in the light and heavy chains to cysteine. Each THIOMAB antibody variant was conjugated to either maleimidocaproyl-valine-citrulline-p-aminobenzyloxycarbonyl-monomethyl auristatin E (MC-vc-PAB-MMAE) or pyridyl disulfide monomethyl auristatin E (PDS-MMAE) using a high-throughput, on-bead conjugation and purification method. Greater than 50% of the THIOMAB antibody variants were successfully conjugated to both MMAE derivatives with a drug to antibody ratio (DAR) of >0.5 and <50% aggregation. The relative in vitro plasma stabilities for approximately 750 conjugates were assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, and stable sites were confirmed with affinity-capture LC/MS-based detection methods. Highly stable conjugation sites for the two types of MMAE derivatives were identified on both the heavy and light chains. Although the stabilities of maleimide conjugates were shown to be greater than those of the disulfide conjugates, many sites were identified that were stable for both. Furthermore, in vitro stabilities of selected stable sites translated across different cytotoxic payloads and different target antibodies as well as to in vivo stability.


Assuntos
Antineoplásicos Imunológicos/química , Cisteína/química , Dissulfetos/química , Imunoconjugados/química , Maleimidas/química , Trastuzumab/química , Animais , Antineoplásicos Imunológicos/sangue , Cisteína/sangue , Cisteína/genética , Dissulfetos/sangue , Estabilidade de Medicamentos , Ensaios de Triagem em Larga Escala , Humanos , Imunoconjugados/sangue , Maleimidas/sangue , Modelos Moleculares , Mutagênese Sítio-Dirigida , Oligopeptídeos/sangue , Oligopeptídeos/química , Agregados Proteicos , Estabilidade Proteica , Ratos , Trastuzumab/sangue , Trastuzumab/genética
10.
Bioconjug Chem ; 29(4): 1155-1167, 2018 04 18.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29481745

RESUMO

Previous investigations on antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) stability have focused on drug release by linker-deconjugation due to the relatively stable payloads such as maytansines. Recent development of ADCs has been focused on exploring technologies to produce homogeneous ADCs and new classes of payloads to expand the mechanisms of action of the delivered drugs. Certain new ADC payloads could undergo metabolism in circulation while attached to antibodies and thus affect ADC stability, pharmacokinetics, and efficacy and toxicity profiles. Herein, we investigate payload stability specifically and seek general guidelines to address payload metabolism and therefore increase the overall ADC stability. Investigation was performed on various payloads with different functionalities (e.g., PNU-159682 analog, tubulysin, cryptophycin, and taxoid) using different conjugation sites (HC-A118C, LC-K149C, and HC-A140C) on THIOMAB antibodies. We were able to reduce metabolism and inactivation of a broad range of payloads of THIOMAB antibody-drug conjugates by employing optimal conjugation sites (LC-K149C and HC-A140C). Additionally, further payload stability was achieved by optimizing the linkers. Coupling relatively stable sites with optimized linkers provided optimal stability and reduction of payloads metabolism in circulation in vivo.


Assuntos
Anticorpos/química , Imunoconjugados/química , Fatores Imunológicos/química , Preparações Farmacêuticas/química , Antígenos/imunologia , Sítios de Ligação , Estabilidade de Medicamentos , Humanos , Imunoconjugados/administração & dosagem , Imunoconjugados/farmacocinética , Fatores Imunológicos/administração & dosagem , Fatores Imunológicos/farmacocinética
11.
Nat Chem Biol ; 12(7): 531-8, 2016 07.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27214401

RESUMO

The KDM5 family of histone demethylases catalyzes the demethylation of histone H3 on lysine 4 (H3K4) and is required for the survival of drug-tolerant persister cancer cells (DTPs). Here we report the discovery and characterization of the specific KDM5 inhibitor CPI-455. The crystal structure of KDM5A revealed the mechanism of inhibition of CPI-455 as well as the topological arrangements of protein domains that influence substrate binding. CPI-455 mediated KDM5 inhibition, elevated global levels of H3K4 trimethylation (H3K4me3) and decreased the number of DTPs in multiple cancer cell line models treated with standard chemotherapy or targeted agents. These findings show that pretreatment of cancer cells with a KDM5-specific inhibitor results in the ablation of a subpopulation of cancer cells that can serve as the founders for therapeutic relapse.


Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Resistencia a Medicamentos Antineoplásicos/efeitos dos fármacos , Inibidores Enzimáticos/farmacologia , Neoplasias/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias/patologia , Proteína 2 de Ligação ao Retinoblastoma/antagonistas & inibidores , Antineoplásicos/química , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Ensaios de Seleção de Medicamentos Antitumorais , Inibidores Enzimáticos/química , Humanos , Modelos Moleculares , Estrutura Molecular , Proteína 2 de Ligação ao Retinoblastoma/metabolismo , Relação Estrutura-Atividade
12.
Nature ; 488(7409): 96-9, 2012 Aug 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22801501

RESUMO

The prevalence of dementia in the Western world in people over the age of 60 has been estimated to be greater than 5%, about two-thirds of which are due to Alzheimer's disease. The age-specific prevalence of Alzheimer's disease nearly doubles every 5 years after age 65, leading to a prevalence of greater than 25% in those over the age of 90 (ref. 3). Here, to search for low-frequency variants in the amyloid-ß precursor protein (APP) gene with a significant effect on the risk of Alzheimer's disease, we studied coding variants in APP in a set of whole-genome sequence data from 1,795 Icelanders. We found a coding mutation (A673T) in the APP gene that protects against Alzheimer's disease and cognitive decline in the elderly without Alzheimer's disease. This substitution is adjacent to the aspartyl protease ß-site in APP, and results in an approximately 40% reduction in the formation of amyloidogenic peptides in vitro. The strong protective effect of the A673T substitution against Alzheimer's disease provides proof of principle for the hypothesis that reducing the ß-cleavage of APP may protect against the disease. Furthermore, as the A673T allele also protects against cognitive decline in the elderly without Alzheimer's disease, the two may be mediated through the same or similar mechanisms.


Assuntos
Envelhecimento/genética , Doença de Alzheimer/genética , Precursor de Proteína beta-Amiloide/genética , Precursor de Proteína beta-Amiloide/metabolismo , Transtornos Cognitivos/genética , Transtornos Cognitivos/fisiopatologia , Mutação/genética , Alelos , Doença de Alzheimer/patologia , Doença de Alzheimer/fisiopatologia , Doença de Alzheimer/prevenção & controle , Secretases da Proteína Precursora do Amiloide/metabolismo , Precursor de Proteína beta-Amiloide/química , Ácido Aspártico Endopeptidases/metabolismo , Cognição/fisiologia , Transtornos Cognitivos/prevenção & controle , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Células HEK293 , Humanos , Placa Amiloide/genética , Placa Amiloide/metabolismo
13.
Bioorg Med Chem Lett ; 27(13): 2974-2981, 2017 07 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28512031

RESUMO

A high-throughput screening (HTS) of the Genentech/Roche library identified a novel, uncharged scaffold as a KDM5A inhibitor. Lacking insight into the binding mode, initial attempts to improve inhibitor potency failed to improve potency, and synthesis of analogs was further hampered by the presence of a C-C bond between the pyrrolidine and pyridine. Replacing this with a C-N bond significantly simplified synthesis, yielding pyrazole analog 35, of which we obtained a co-crystal structure with KDM5A. Using structure-based design approach, we identified 50 with improved biochemical, cell potency and reduced MW and lower lipophilicity (LogD) compared with the original hit. Furthermore, 50 showed lower clearance than 9 in mice. In combination with its remarkably low plasma protein binding (PPB) in mice (40%), oral dosing of 50 at 5mg/kg resulted in unbound Cmax ∼2-fold of its cell potency (PC9 H3K4Me3 0.96µM), meeting our criteria for an in vivo tool compound from a new scaffold.


Assuntos
Inibidores Enzimáticos/farmacologia , Ensaios de Triagem em Larga Escala , Pirazóis/farmacologia , Proteína 2 de Ligação ao Retinoblastoma/antagonistas & inibidores , Administração Oral , Animais , Disponibilidade Biológica , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Inibidores Enzimáticos/administração & dosagem , Inibidores Enzimáticos/química , Humanos , Camundongos , Microssomos Hepáticos/química , Microssomos Hepáticos/metabolismo , Simulação de Acoplamento Molecular , Estrutura Molecular , Pirazóis/administração & dosagem , Pirazóis/química , Ratos , Proteína 2 de Ligação ao Retinoblastoma/metabolismo , Relação Estrutura-Atividade
14.
J Neurosci ; 35(7): 2927-41, 2015 Feb 18.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25698732

RESUMO

Axon degeneration is a programed process that takes place during development, in response to neuronal injury, and as a component of neurodegenerative disease pathology, yet the molecular mechanisms that drive this process remain poorly defined. In this study, we have developed a semi-automated, 384-well format axon degeneration assay in rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons using a trophic factor withdrawal paradigm. Using this setup, we have screened a library of known drugs and bioactives to identify several previously unappreciated regulators of axon degeneration, including lipoxygenases. Multiple structurally distinct lipoxygenase inhibitors as well as mouse DRG neurons lacking expression of 12/15-lipoxygenase display protection of axons in this context. Retinal ganglion cell axons from 12/15-lipoxygenase-null mice were similarly protected from degeneration following nerve crush injury. Through additional mechanistic studies, we demonstrate that lipoxygenases act cell autonomously within neurons to regulate degeneration, and are required for mitochondrial permeabilization and caspase activation in the axon. These findings suggest that these enzymes may represent an attractive target for treatment of neuropathies and provide a potential mechanism for the neuroprotection observed in various settings following lipoxygenase inhibitor treatment.


Assuntos
Araquidonato 12-Lipoxigenase/metabolismo , Araquidonato 15-Lipoxigenase/metabolismo , Axônios/patologia , Degeneração Neural/enzimologia , Algoritmos , Animais , Araquidonato 12-Lipoxigenase/genética , Araquidonato 15-Lipoxigenase/genética , Axônios/metabolismo , Células Cultivadas , Técnicas de Cocultura , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Embrião de Mamíferos , Inibidores Enzimáticos/farmacologia , Feminino , Gânglios Espinais/citologia , Biblioteca Gênica , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Transgênicos , Mitocôndrias/efeitos dos fármacos , Mitocôndrias/metabolismo , Degeneração Neural/diagnóstico , Degeneração Neural/tratamento farmacológico , Degeneração Neural/etiologia , Neuroglia/citologia , Neuroglia/efeitos dos fármacos , Neuroglia/metabolismo , Neurônios/citologia , Neurônios/efeitos dos fármacos , Neurônios/metabolismo , Doenças do Nervo Óptico/complicações , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacos , Transdução de Sinais/genética
15.
Anal Chem ; 88(23): 11521-11526, 2016 12 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27797494

RESUMO

Deamidation of therapeutic antibodies may result in decreased drug activity and undesirable changes in pharmacokinetics and immunogenicity. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor the deamidation levels [during storage] and after in vivo administration. Because of the complexity of in vivo samples, immuno-affinity capture is widely used for specific enrichment of the target antibody prior to LC-MS. However, the conventional use of bead-based methods requires large sample volumes and extensive processing steps. Furthermore, with automation difficulties and extended sample preparation time, bead-based approaches may increase artificial deamidation. To overcome these challenges, we developed an automated platform to perform tip-based affinity capture of antibodies from complex matrixes with rapid digestion and peptide elution into 96-well microtiter plates followed by LC-MS analysis. Detailed analyses showed that the new method presents high repeatability and reproducibility with both intra and inter assay CVs < 8%. Using the automated platform, we successfully quantified the levels of deamidation of a humanized monoclonal antibody in cynomolgus monkeys over a time period of 12 weeks after administration. Moreover, we found that deamidation kinetics between in vivo samples and samples stressed in vitro at neutral pH were consistent, suggesting that the in vitro stress test may be used as a method to predict the liability to deamidation of therapeutic antibodies in vivo.


Assuntos
Anticorpos/isolamento & purificação , Anticorpos/metabolismo , Desaminação , Animais , Anticorpos/sangue , Anticorpos/uso terapêutico , Automação , Células CHO , Cromatografia Líquida , Cricetulus , Eritrócitos , Feminino , Citometria de Fluxo , Humanos , Macaca fascicularis , Espectrometria de Massas
16.
Bioorg Med Chem Lett ; 26(17): 4350-4, 2016 09 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27476424

RESUMO

This communication describes the identification and optimization of a series of pan-KDM5 inhibitors derived from compound 1, a hit initially identified against KDM4C. Compound 1 was optimized to afford compound 20, a 10nM inhibitor of KDM5A. Compound 20 is highly selective for the KDM5 enzymes versus other histone lysine demethylases and demonstrates activity in a cellular assay measuring the increase in global histone 3 lysine 4 tri-methylation (H3K4me3). In addition compound 20 has good ADME properties, excellent mouse PK, and is a suitable starting point for further optimization.


Assuntos
Inibidores Enzimáticos/farmacologia , Proteína 2 de Ligação ao Retinoblastoma/antagonistas & inibidores , Animais , Sítios de Ligação , Western Blotting , Linhagem Celular , Descoberta de Drogas , Ativação Enzimática/efeitos dos fármacos , Inibidores Enzimáticos/química , Inibidores Enzimáticos/isolamento & purificação , Humanos , Concentração Inibidora 50 , Camundongos , Microssomos Hepáticos/enzimologia , Modelos Moleculares , Ratos
17.
Bioorg Med Chem Lett ; 26(18): 4492-4496, 2016 09 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27499454

RESUMO

Features from a high throughput screening (HTS) hit and a previously reported scaffold were combined to generate 1,7-naphthyridones as novel KDM5 enzyme inhibitors with nanomolar potencies. These molecules exhibited high selectivity over the related KDM4C and KDM2B isoforms. An X-ray co-crystal structure of a representative molecule bound to KDM5A showed that these inhibitors are competitive with the co-substrate (2-oxoglutarate or 2-OG).


Assuntos
Histona Desmetilases com o Domínio Jumonji/antagonistas & inibidores , Naftiridinas/farmacologia , Proteínas Nucleares/antagonistas & inibidores , Proteínas Repressoras/antagonistas & inibidores , Proteína 2 de Ligação ao Retinoblastoma/antagonistas & inibidores , Animais , Cristalografia por Raios X , Cães , Desenho de Fármacos , Humanos , Células Madin Darby de Rim Canino , Naftiridinas/química , Relação Estrutura-Atividade
18.
Bioorg Med Chem Lett ; 26(16): 4036-41, 2016 08 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27406798

RESUMO

Starting with a lead [1,5-a]pyrimidin-7(4H)-one-containing molecule (1), we generated potent, selective and orally bioavailable KDM5 inhibitors. Using structure- and property-based approaches, we designed 48 with improved cell potency (PC9 H3K4Me3 EC50=0.34µM). Furthermore, 48 maintained suitable physiochemical properties and displayed an excellent pharmacokinetic (PK) profile in mice. When dosed orally in mice at 50mg/kg twice a day (BID), 48 showed an unbound maximal plasma concentration (Cmax) >15-fold over its cell EC50, thereby providing a robust chemical probe for studying KDM5 biological functions in vivo.


Assuntos
Pirazóis/química , Pirimidinonas/química , Proteína 2 de Ligação ao Retinoblastoma/antagonistas & inibidores , Administração Oral , Animais , Sítios de Ligação , Cristalografia por Raios X , Feminino , Meia-Vida , Histonas/metabolismo , Humanos , Fígado/metabolismo , Camundongos , Microssomos Hepáticos/metabolismo , Simulação de Dinâmica Molecular , Pirazóis/síntese química , Pirazóis/farmacocinética , Pirimidinonas/sangue , Pirimidinonas/síntese química , Pirimidinonas/farmacocinética , Ratos , Proteína 2 de Ligação ao Retinoblastoma/metabolismo , Relação Estrutura-Atividade
19.
J Biol Chem ; 289(45): 30990-1000, 2014 Nov 07.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25253696

RESUMO

Pathogenic mutations in the amyloid precursor protein (APP) gene have been described as causing early onset familial Alzheimer disease (AD). We recently identified a rare APP variant encoding an alanine-to-threonine substitution at residue 673 (A673T) that confers protection against development of AD (Jonsson, T., Atwal, J. K., Steinberg, S., Snaedal, J., Jonsson, P. V., Bjornsson, S., Stefansson, H., Sulem, P., Gudbjartsson, D., Maloney, J., Hoyte, K., Gustafson, A., Liu, Y., Lu, Y., Bhangale, T., Graham, R. R., Huttenlocher, J., Bjornsdottir, G., Andreassen, O. A., Jönsson, E. G., Palotie, A., Behrens, T. W., Magnusson, O. T., Kong, A., Thorsteinsdottir, U., Watts, R. J., and Stefansson, K. (2012) Nature 488, 96-99). The Ala-673 residue lies within the ß-secretase recognition sequence and is part of the amyloid-ß (Aß) peptide cleavage product (position 2 of Aß). We previously demonstrated that the A673T substitution makes APP a less favorable substrate for cleavage by BACE1. In follow-up studies, we confirm that A673T APP shows reduced cleavage by BACE1 in transfected mouse primary neurons and in isogenic human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons. Using a biochemical approach, we show that the A673T substitution modulates the catalytic turnover rate (V(max)) of APP by the BACE1 enzyme, without affecting the affinity (K(m)) of the APP substrate for BACE1. We also show a reduced level of Aß(1-42) aggregation with A2T Aß peptides, an observation not conserved in Aß(1-40) peptides. When combined in a ratio of 1:9 Aß(1-42)/Aß(1-40) to mimic physiologically relevant mixtures, A2T retains a trend toward slowed aggregation kinetics. Microglial uptake of the mutant Aß(1-42) peptides correlated with their aggregation level. Cytotoxicity of the mutant Aß peptides was not dramatically altered. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that A673T, a protective allele of APP, reproducibly reduces amyloidogenic processing of APP and also mildly decreases Aß aggregation. These effects could together have an additive or even synergistic impact on the risk of developing AD.


Assuntos
Doença de Alzheimer/genética , Precursor de Proteína beta-Amiloide/genética , Alelos , Secretases da Proteína Precursora do Amiloide/metabolismo , Peptídeos beta-Amiloides/genética , Animais , Ácido Aspártico Endopeptidases/metabolismo , Catálise , DNA Complementar/metabolismo , Transferência Ressonante de Energia de Fluorescência , Células HEK293 , Heterozigoto , Humanos , Concentração Inibidora 50 , Cinética , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Microglia/metabolismo , Mutação , Neurônios/metabolismo , Fragmentos de Peptídeos/genética , Ligação Proteica
20.
Chembiochem ; 15(8): 1121-30, 2014 May 26.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24797455

RESUMO

Prolonged inhibition of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) is a strategy for targeting cancer metabolism. Many NAMPT inhibitors undergo NAMPT-catalyzed phosphoribosylation (pRib), a property often correlated with their cellular potency. To understand this phenomenon and facilitate drug design, we analyzed a potent cellularly active NAMPT inhibitor (GNE-617). A crystal structure of pRib-GNE-617 in complex with NAMPT protein revealed a relaxed binding mode. Consistently, the adduct formation resulted in tight binding and strong product inhibition. In contrast, a biochemically equipotent isomer of GNE-617 (GNE-643) also formed pRib adducts but displayed significantly weaker cytotoxicity. Structural analysis revealed an altered ligand conformation of GNE-643, thus suggesting weak association of the adducts with NAMPT. Our data support a model for cellularly active NAMPT inhibitors that undergo NAMPT-catalyzed phosphoribosylation to produce pRib adducts that retain efficient binding to the enzyme.


Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Biocatálise , Citocinas/antagonistas & inibidores , Inibidores Enzimáticos/farmacologia , Compostos Heterocíclicos com 2 Anéis/farmacologia , Nicotinamida Fosforribosiltransferase/antagonistas & inibidores , Sulfonas/farmacologia , Animais , Antineoplásicos/química , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Citocinas/metabolismo , Cães , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Ensaios de Seleção de Medicamentos Antitumorais , Inibidores Enzimáticos/química , Compostos Heterocíclicos com 2 Anéis/química , Humanos , Modelos Moleculares , Estrutura Molecular , Nicotinamida Fosforribosiltransferase/metabolismo , Permeabilidade/efeitos dos fármacos , Fosforribosil Pirofosfato/metabolismo , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Sulfonas/química
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