Self-efficacy and consistent condom use by people living with HIV and seroconcordant and serodiscordant sexual partners in the Ceará, Brazil.

The objectives were to assess the self-efficacy and consistent condom use by people living with HIV (PLHIV). A cross-sectional, comparative study was carried out in outpatient clinics in Ceará State, Brazil, with a sample of 190 PLHIV, 95 serodiscordant and 95 seroconcordant. Interviews were conducted using the Socio-Demographic, Clinical, Epidemiological and Vulnerability Form and the Condom Use Self-Efficacy Scale. Descriptive analysis, associations between variables, odds ratio and 95% confidence interval were determined. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Of the sample, 43.1% consistently used condoms (50.5% serodiscordant and 35.7% seroconcordant). Serodiscordant PLHIV without guidance on HIV prevention (P = 0.027) and without access to testing (P = 0.002) had lower self-efficacy and 11.5 times more chances for inconsistent condom use (P = 0.006), while those satisfied with follow-up in health were less likely to use condoms inconsistently (P = 0.011). We conclude that there is low consistent use of condoms among PLHIV, which increases the risk of HIV transmission and the acquisition of other sexually transmitted infections. Consistent condom use was greater among serodiscordant individuals, although there was no difference in self-efficacy in condom use between the groups.

Clinical Validation of the Nursing Diagnosis 'Inadequate Health Self-Efficacy' in People With Hypertension.

AIMS: To test the clinical validity of clinical indicators and causal relationships of aetiological factors of the new nursing diagnosis of inadequate health self-efficacy in people with hypertension. BACKGROUND: The diagnosis of inadequate health self-efficacy has both theoretical and content validity. However, a clinical validation study is needed to establish an appropriate framework for distinguishing individuals who manifest this unique human response. DESIGN: The study adopts a cross-sectional clinical validation approach, adhering strictly to the STROBE guidelines throughout its design and implementation. METHODS: Naturalistic sampling was used to identify 302 adults diagnosed with hypertension. Their data were subjected to latent class analysis, which facilitated the identification of a comprehensive set of clinical indicators that demonstrated better diagnostic accuracy and established posterior probabilities to guide the inference of inadequate health self-efficacy. In addition, logistic regression analysis was used to assess the magnitude of the impact of aetiological factors. RESULTS: The prevalence of inadequate health self-efficacy was 76.61%. Among the 13 indicators examined, seven demonstrated notable sensitivity: 'risk-prone health behaviour', 'failure to take action that prevents health problems', 'inadequate self-control', 'avoidance behaviours', 'negative health self-perception', 'inadequate health-related quality of life' and 'difficulty feeling good about adopting a healthy lifestyle'. Additionally, two indicators showed high specificity: 'difficulty feeling good about adopting a healthy lifestyle' and 'inadequate adherence to treatment regimen'. Notably, 15 aetiological factors were identified as significantly associated with an increased risk of inadequate health self-efficacy. CONCLUSIONS: A clinical framework consisting of eight clinical indicators and 15 aetiological factors was developed to characterise inadequate health self-efficacy in individuals with hypertension. RELEVANCE TO PRACTICE: Clinical validation provides insight into the precision of clinical indicators and the magnitude of the effect of putative causal elements, thereby facilitating identification and tailored intervention for individuals with hypertension and inadequate health self-efficacy.

Concept analysis of Neonatal Near Miss.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the concept of Neonatal Near Miss (NNM) using Walker and Avant's method. METHOD: This study employs conceptual analysis following Walker and Avant's model, involving concept selection, objective definition, identification of potential uses, determination of attributes, model case creation, additional case consideration, antecedent identification, consequent analysis, and empirical reference examination. To elucidate the concept, a scoping review was conducted across journals indexed in scientific databases such as Web of Science, EMBASE, SCOPUS, and MEDLINE/PubMed. RESULTS: The analysis encompassed 43 articles, revealing diverse definitions of neonatal near miss across different contexts. A comprehensive definition emerged from identified antecedents: risk of death, susceptibility to adverse outcomes, and potential adverse events. These antecedents were categorized into maternal conditions, neonatal conditions, and healthcare assistance. CONCLUSION: The analysis and definition of the NNM concept was successful, and its antecedents, attributes, and consequences were delineated. IMPLICATIONS: Identifying the risk factors associated with NNM cases may contribute to reducing infant morbidity and mortality and improving the quality of care, facilitating future research and improving the use of the NNM concept.

Analysis of etiological factors of nursing diagnosis of impaired comfort in children and adolescents with cancer.

AIM: To analyse the etiological factors of the nursing diagnosis of impaired comfort in children and adolescents with cancer. DESIGN: This cross-sectional study was carried out in the referral unit for the treatment of childhood cancer in a tertiary hospital located in northeastern Brazil. METHODS: A total of 200 children and adolescents who were undergoing cancer treatment were included in this study. Data collection instruments and protocols were constructed with operational and conceptual definitions of clinical indicators and etiological factors for the nursing diagnosis of impaired comfort. A latent class model with adjusted random effects was used to determine impaired comfort and measures of sensitivity and specificity of clinical indicators. A univariate logistic regression analysis was performed for each etiological factor of impaired comfort. RESULTS: The analysis of etiological factors for the nursing diagnosis of impaired comfort in children and adolescents with cancer showed the high prevalence of four factors: noxious environmental stimuli, insufficient situational control, insufficient resources and insufficient environmental control. Illness-related symptoms, noxious environmental stimuli, and insufficient environmental control increased the chance of impaired comfort occurring. CONCLUSION: The etiological factors with the highest prevalence and most significant impact on the occurrence of impaired comfort were noxious environmental stimuli, insufficient situational control and illness-related symptoms. IMPACT: The results obtained in this investigation can support more accurate nursing diagnostic inference of impaired comfort in children and adolescents with cancer. Moreover, the results can inform direct interventions for the modifiable factors that trigger this phenomenon to avoid or minimize the signs and symptoms of the nursing diagnosis.

Clinical indicators of the nursing diagnosis ineffective health management: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Nursing diagnoses should reasonably represent global nursing practice phenomena, organizing indicators in their clinical structure that represent different scenarios and populations. However, few studies have summarized the evidence of these indicators, mainly for behavioral diagnoses. AIM: This systematic review aimed to identify the best clinical indicators (CI) to determine the presence or absence of the nursing diagnosis "Ineffective Health Management" (IHM). METHOD: A systematic review with meta-analysis was utilized. Six electronic databases were consulted to retrieve studies that identified the nursing diagnosis IHM, with at least one CI. The period of data collection was between September and October 2020. The research group independently conducted the selection, quality assessment, data extraction, and analysis of all included studies. Fixed-effect measures and meta-analyses summarized sensitivity, specificity measures, and diagnostic odds ratios using the statistical software R. The preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses and standards for reporting studies of diagnostic accuracy guidelines were used to guide this review, and quality assessment of diagnostic accuracy studies was used for the critical appraisal of the methodological quality of the included studies. RESULTS: The systematic review included 11 studies on people with chronic conditions, the elderly, and pregnant women. The analyzed four CI showed diagnostic odds ratios statistically higher than the unit value, highlighting the "Failure to include the treatment regimen in daily living" (DOR = 45.53; CI = 10.1, 205.6). LINKING EVIDENCE TO ACTION: Overall, findings showed that all CI of the IHM nursing diagnosis had good sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic odds ratio measures to identify their presence correctly. These findings can contribute to better accuracy in nurses' decision-making process, providing indicators to infer the IHM nursing diagnosis early in different population spectra based on the best measures of diagnostic accuracy.

The factors related to a sedentary lifestyle: A meta-analysis review.

AIMS: To compare factors associated with the sedentary lifestyle described in the literature with the factors listed in NANDA International. DESIGN: Systematic review with meta-analysis of factors associated with a sedentary lifestyle in adolescents, adults and older people. DATA SOURCES: An electronic search of PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL and Latin America and the Caribbean Literature on Health and Science databases conducted in May 2016. REVIEW METHODS: Descriptive data were extracted according to a standardized form. The odds ratios for each etiological factor associated with a sedentary lifestyle were extracted directly from the articles or calculated from the data described therein. The meta-analysis was conducted for factors that were investigated in more than one study. RESULTS: Thirty-five articles were included. The statistically significant factors were: lack of social support, of physical space, of time, of motivation, of sports skills and of interest in physical activity, intolerance to activity, being retired, living in a low-income country, laziness, not having a job/studying, low socioeconomic status and level of knowledge about physical activity, female gender, living in an urban area, negative self-perception of health, using public transportation, being in the oldest age group in the study and perceived physical disability. CONCLUSION: The new factors associated with a sedentary lifestyle and those already included in the NANDA International classification will lead to better clinical guidance for nurses. IMPACT: Knowledge about these factors can contribute directly to public health policies.

Clinical indicators and aetiological factors of sedentary lifestyle in patients with arterial hypertension.

AIMS: The aim of this study is to verify the clinical validity of clinical indicators and aetiological factors of sedentary lifestyle in individuals with arterial hypertension. BACKGROUND: Diagnostic validation is performed to expand nursing taxonomies and to revise or confirm the described concepts. New elements listed in the literature and those identified by the NANDA International definition for sedentary lifestyle need to be evaluated. DESIGN: This is a cross-sectional and diagnostic validation study. The STROBE guidelines were used in this study. METHODS: Two hundred and fifty subjects aged over 18 years were evaluated. The diagnostic status of the participants was obtained by latent class analysis. Logistic regression was used to identify aetiological factors with the manifestation of sedentary lifestyle, considering a significance level of 5%. RESULTS: A total of 57.8% of the study participants met the diagnostic criteria for sedentary lifestyle. The clinical indicators with high sensitivity were as follows: "Average daily physical activity is less than recommended for gender and age"; "Does not perform physical activity during leisure time"; "Preference for activity low in physical activity" and "Overweight." The significantly related factors associated with the diagnosis of sedentary lifestyle were as follows: "Insufficient knowledge on physical activity," "Lack of time," "Negative self-perception of health," "Lack of security," "Lack of appropriate place," "Lack of motivation," "Activity intolerance," "Lack of sports ability," "Having a partner," "Using public transportation," "Perception of physical disability," "Pain," "Having a job/studying," "Laziness," "Impaired mobility," "Living in an urban area," "Education in a public institution," "Female gender," "Lack of confidence to practice physical exercise," "Education level," "Age" and "Lack of social support for the practice of physical exercise." CONCLUSION: Four out of eight clinical indicators had a good adjustment by the latent class analysis. Of the 27 aetiological factors, 22 were significantly associated with sedentary lifestyle. RELEVANCE TO PRACTICE: The correct identification of sedentary lifestyle and its elements supports care planning, especially for health promotion and disease prevention.

A Content Analysis of Clinical Indicators and Etiological Factors of Ineffective Infant Feeding Patterns.

PURPOSE: To analyze the content of the concepts present in the nursing diagnosis of Ineffective infant feeding pattern. DESIGN AND METHODS: Content validation of nursing diagnosis based on the predictive diversity model. A methodological study of the content validation of a nursing diagnosis was based on the predictive diversity model and performed in the following three stages: conceptual definition of the phenomenon of interest; organization of the phenomenon of interest; and analysis by judges of the concepts of the phenomenon of interest. RESULTS: The first two stages identified 13 clinical indicators and 12 etiological factors, which were evaluated by 23 judges. The analyses of judgments were performed according to the level of expertise of the judges. All the clinical indicators were relevant to nursing diagnosis under study. Nine causal factors were analyzed, including the level of importance to the occurrence of Ineffective infant feeding pattern. CONCLUSIONS: This study analyzed the diagnostic structure of Ineffective infant feeding pattern, which were considered representative of the phenomenon of interest after evaluation by the judges. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: The use of nursing diagnosis with accurate elements facilitates clinical reasoning and favors the development of an adequate care plan.

Delay in Growth in Adolescents: Clinical Validation of a Proposed Nursing Diagnosis.

PURPOSE: This study aims to analyse the accuracy of clinical indicators of the proposed diagnosis of delayed growth in school-aged adolescents. DESIGN AND METHODS: This is a diagnostic accuracy study of 385 adolescents in public schools from July to September 2017 that aimed to assess the accuracy of clinical indicators of the proposed nursing diagnosis of delayed growth; the sensitivity and specificity values were calculated using latent class analysis. RESULTS: Growth velocity less than expected was associated with sensitivity and specificity. The clinical indicator short stature for age and sex showed sensitivity. Low weight for age and sex, stature below genetic target and delayed sexual maturation were specific indicators. CONCLUSION: In a sample of adolescents in public schools in northeastern Brazil, a set of five clinical indicators best indicated delayed growth in adolescents. Two clinical indicators showed sensitivity, and four clinical indicators showed specificity. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: This study contributes to refining the diagnostic proposition of delayed growth in adolescents. Accurate measures for nursing diagnoses can help paediatric nurse practitioners confirm or exclude this diagnosis in adolescents with a similar profile.

Nursing Diagnosis of Neonatal Jaundice: Study of Clinical Indicators.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to identify the defining characteristics of, and examine their association with, the nursing diagnosis (ND) of Neonatal Jaundice (00194) in sample of hospitalized newborns. DESIGN AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study developed with 100 newborns aged between 24h and ten days. Data collection was performed in a public hospital of tertiary health care between March and June of 2016. RESULTS: The ND of Neonatal jaundice was present in 31% of the sample. The most frequent defining characteristics were yellow-orange skin color (65%) and abnormal blood profile (75%). Yellow mucous membranes, yellow-orange skin color and bruised skin showed statistically significant sensitivity and specificity. Yellow mucous membranes, yellow sclera and yellow-orange skin color were statistically associated with Neonatal jaundice. Yellow mucous membranes showed the best diagnostic accuracy measurements. CONCLUSIONS: The clinical indicators that best predicted and increased the probability of developing jaundice were identified. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: These clinical indicators increase the ability of nurses to clinically infer nursing diagnoses. This allows nurses to identify signs and symptoms of health conditions in a sensible and definitive manner, decreasing the possibility of errors.

Validation of Clinical Indicators of the Nursing Diagnosis of Ineffective Protection in Adolescents With Cancer.

PURPOSE: To validate the clinical indicators of the nursing diagnosis of Ineffective protection in adolescents with cancer based on diagnostic accuracy measurements. DESIGN AND METHODS: Measurements of sensitivity and specificity for the indicators were calculated using latent class analysis with random effects in a sample of 127 adolescents between 10 and 19 years of age. RESULTS: The prevalence of diagnosis was estimated at 93.7%. The indicators deficient immunity and weakness showed higher sensitivity values, whereas opportunistic infections, recurrent infections, insomnia, mucosal lesions, and coughing showed high specificity. CONCLUSIONS: Seven indicators were clinically validated. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: The validation of clinical indicators provides nurses with the knowledge of useful signs and symptoms to identify early spectra of a nursing diagnosis or confirm their presence in a specific population. In clinical practice, this knowledge contributes to an accurate diagnostic inference and the planning of nursing interventions directed to the idiosyncrasies of individuals.

Characteristics of the ineffective social support network: integrative review. / Características da rede social de apoio ineficaz: revisão integrativa.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the characteristics of the ineffective social support network evidenced in its structure, functionality and dynamics. METHOD: Integrative review, carried out in December 2017, in the bases Scopus, CINAHL, Web of Science, CUIDEN, BDENF, Lilacs and SciELO library by means of combinations between keywords/descriptors - Social Network, Social Networks, Social Support, Social Support Networks and the term "ineffective", finding 2012 publications and 24 composed the sample. The analysis of the results was based on the dimensions of the Social Support Network. RESULTS: In the structural dimension, it was observed characteristics related to the amplitude, density of the network and fragility of the bonds; in the functional, the non-fulfillment of the function of social support in different occasions; and in the dynamics, conflicts and unexpected situations interfered negatively. CONCLUSION: The evaluation of the characteristics of the ineffective social support network allows a better understanding of their relationships and instrumentalizes nurses in the mobilization of these networks directed to the well-being of the person, family and community.

Clinical validation of the nursing diagnosis of dysfunctional family processes related to alcoholism.

AIMS: To evaluate the clinical validity indicators for the nursing diagnosis of dysfunctional family processes related to alcohol abuse. BACKGROUND: Alcoholism is a chronic disease that negatively affects family relationships. Studies on the nursing diagnosis of dysfunctional family processes are scarce in the literature. This diagnosis is currently composed of 115 defining characteristics, hindering their use in practice and highlighting the need for clinical validation. DESIGN: This was a diagnostic accuracy study. METHODS: A sample of 110 alcoholics admitted to a reference centre for alcohol treatment was assessed during the second half of 2013 for the presence or absence of the defining characteristics of the diagnosis. Operational definitions were created for each defining characteristic based on concept analysis and experts evaluated the content of these definitions. Diagnostic accuracy measures were calculated from latent class models with random effects. RESULTS/FINDINGS: All 89 clinical indicators were found in the sample and a set of 24 clinical indicators was identified as clinically valid for a diagnostic screening for family dysfunction from the report of alcoholics. Main clinical indicators with high specificity included sexual abuse, disturbance in academic performance in children and manipulation. The main indicators that showed high sensitivity values were distress, loss, anxiety, low self-esteem, confusion, embarrassment, insecurity, anger, loneliness, deterioration in family relationships and disturbance in family dynamics. CONCLUSION: Eighteen clinical indicators showed a high capacity for diagnostic screening for alcoholics (high sensitivity) and six indicators can be used for confirmatory diagnosis (high specificity).

Prognostic clinical indicators of short-term survival for ineffective breathing pattern in children with acute respiratory infection.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To identify prognostic clinical indicators of short-term survival for ineffective breathing pattern in children with acute respiratory infection. BACKGROUND: Despite the studies of survival for nursing diagnosis, there is not enough evidence about the clinical indicators that are associated with a worse prognosis for ineffective breathing pattern. DESIGN: A prospective cohort study. METHODS: One hundred and thirty-six children were followed up for a minimum of six and a maximum of 10 consecutive days. The survival rate for ineffective breathing pattern was calculated using Nelson-Aalen's method. An extended Cox model was adjusted to identify the main prognostic clinical indicators for this nursing diagnosis. RESULTS: Over half of the sample had an ineffective breathing pattern at the first evaluation. The occurrence of new cases was observed until the ninth day of monitoring, and the survival rate after this day was low. According to the Cox model, the main clinical indicators of a poor prognosis were an abnormal breathing pattern, the use of accessory muscles, dyspnoea and increase in the anterior-posterior chest diameter. CONCLUSIONS: Children with acute respiratory infection who present with an abnormal breathing pattern, the use of accessory muscles to breathe, dyspnoea and increased anterior-posterior diameter have a poor prognosis for an ineffective breathing pattern. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: Survival analyses of nursing diagnoses allow the identification of clinical indicators that can be used in clinical practice as prognostic markers. The identification of indicators associated with a poor clinical prognosis allows nurses to intervene early and to maximise the possibility of a good outcome.

Clinical Differentiation of Respiratory Nursing Diagnoses among Children with Acute Respiratory Infection.

The aim of this study was to identify the defining characteristics that allow clinical differentiation of the nursing diagnoses, ineffective breathing pattern (IBP), ineffective airway clearance (IAC), and impaired gas exchange (IGE). A secondary analysis with a cohort design was developed from 1128 records obtained during the hospital stay of 136 children with acute respiratory infection. Groups of defining characteristics with greater differentiation capacity were identified by multiple correspondence analyses. The results showed that the defining characteristics that better differentiate the studied diagnoses are agitation, irritability and diaphoresis for IGE; dyspnea, use of accessory muscles to breathe, orthopnea, and abnormal breathing pattern for IBP and excessive sputum, absence of cough, difficulty verbalizing, nasal flaring, and adventitious breath sounds for IAC. Twelve defining characteristics that can assist clinicians to differentiate the three main respiratory nursing diagnoses among children with acute respiratory infection were identified in this study.

Validation of Clinical Indicators of Imbalanced Nutrition: Less Than Body Requirements in Early Childhood.

This is a clinical validation study of the nursing diagnosis of imbalanced nutrition: less than body requirements based on the diagnostic accuracy measures. Measures of sensitivity and specificity were calculated based on the latent class analysis method using a random effects model in a sample of 123 children between 0 and 6 years old. The prevalence of the diagnosis was estimated to be 27.6% using the latent class model. Indicators that exhibited the best measures of diagnostic accuracy included insufficient interest in food and satiety immediately upon ingesting food. A total of seven clinical indicators were validated clinically.

Ineffective airway clearance in adult patients after thoracic and upper abdominal surgery.

AIM: The aim of this study is to analyze the accuracy of the defining characteristics of ineffective airway clearance (IAC) in patients after thoracic and upper abdominal surgery. BACKGROUND: Although numerous studies have described the most prevalent respiratory NANDA-I diagnoses, only few investigates the precision of nursing assessments. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 192 patients in a surgical clinic. Accuracy measures were obtained by the latent class analysis method. RESULTS: IAC was present in 46.73% of the sample. The defining characteristics with better predictive capacity were changes in respiratory rate and changes in respiratory rhythm. However, other defining characteristics also had high specificity, such as restlessness, cyanosis, excessive sputum, wide-eyed, orthopnea, adventitious breathing sounds, ineffective cough, and difficulty vocalizing. CONCLUSION: Results can contribute to the improvement of nursing assessments by providing information about the key clinical indicators of IAC.

Ineffective breathing pattern in cardiac postoperative patients: Diagnostic accuracy study.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to analyze the accuracy of the defining characteristics of ineffective breathing pattern (IBP) in postoperative cardiac patients. METHODS: A diagnostic accuracy study was performed with 98 patients. Measures of sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, likelihood ratios, diagnostic odds ratio, and area under the ROC curve were calculated. RESULTS: IBP was present in 23.5% of the patients. Alterations in depth of breathing (sensitivity 96%, negative likelihood ratio 0.11%) and pursed-lip breathing (sensitivity 99%, negative likelihood ratio 0.07%) were the most sensitive defining characteristics for IBP, while altered chest excursion (specificity 97%, positive likelihood ratio 11.41%) and prolonged expiration phase (specificity 99%, positive likelihood ratio 42.39%) were the most specific. CONCLUSION: Some clinical indicators were more related to the presence or absence of IBP than others. Knowledge of such measures can help nurses to assess patients more accurately.

Clinical validation of nursing outcome mobility in patients with cerebrovascular accidents. / Validação clínica do resultado de enfermagem mobilidade em pacientes com acidente vascular cerebral.

OBJECTIVE: To clinically validate the nursing outcome Mobility in patients with cerebrovascular accidents. METHODS: Descriptive study, conducted in July 2011, with 38 outpatients, in northeastern Brazil. Data collection took place by evaluating two pairs of specialist nurses, where one pair used the instrument containing the constitutive and operational definitions of the indicators and magnitudes of the Mobility Outcome and the other pair without such definitions. RESULTS: When analyzing the evaluations among nurses, all indicators showed significant differences by the Friedman test (p <0.05). CONCLUSION: The constitutive and operational definitions submitted to the validation process provide greater accuracy in assessing the cerebrovascular accident patient's mobility state.

Association of socioeconomic and clinical factors and tissue integrity outcome of patients with ulcers. / Associação dos fatores socioeconômicos e clínicos e o resultado integridade tissular em pacientes com úlceras.

Objective to analyze the association between socioeconomic and clinical factors and indicators of the tissue integrity outcome in nursing among patients with venous ulcers. Methods a cross-sectional study at a university hospital in Natal, RN, Brazil, from February to June 2012, with 50 individuals. To analyze the variables, we used the Spearman correlation test and the Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests at a level of 5%. Results there was a correlation of low intensity between age and the indicators hydration and skin peeling, and family income and necrosis. There was also an association between gender and the indicators temperature, amount of body hair and exudation. Conclusion the associated variables provide important information for the treatment of patients with venous ulcers, and can help reduce ulcer time and the consequent discomfort, limitations and costs. This information should be considered when providing care for patients with a nursing diagnosis of impaired skin integrity and/or impaired tissue integrity.