Evaluation of recurrence and surgical complementation rates after endoscopic resection of large colorectal non-pedunculated lesions.

BACKGROUND AND AIM: the process that leads to the development of colorectal cancer takes many years and most tumors originate from polyps and non-polypoid lesions. Techniques of endoscopic resection are surgical treatment options, even in case of large lesions or with initial invasion. This study aimed to evaluate the recurrence and surgical complementation rates after endoscopic resection of large colorectal non-pedunculated lesions. METHODS: a retrospective, longitudinal and descriptive trial was performed via an analysis of colonoscopies with the resection of non-pedunculated lesions larger than 3 cm, performed between 2014 and 2017. RESULTS: sixty-two lesions were included from 61 patients and 32 (52.5 %) were female. The age ranged from 36 to 89 years, with a mean age of 60.5 years. Lesions had an average diameter of 40.08 mm, ranging from 30 to 80 mm. Regarding the location of the lesions, the most frequent colonic segments were the ascending and rectum, both accounting for 22.6 %. Considering the morphologic endoscopic classification, 67.7 % were granular laterally spreading tumors (LST), 38.8 % were homogeneous granular and 29 % were mixed granular. The most frequent histological types were tubulovillous adenoma (30.7 %) and intramucosal adenocarcinoma (29 %). The resection technique was piecemeal mucosectomy in 85.5 %. Five lesions were removed by en bloc mucosectomy, two (3.2 %) by endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) and two (3.2 %) by a hybrid technique. The recurrence rate was 25.8 %. Three patients needed complementary surgical treatment and the clinical success of endoscopic treatment was 95.1 %. CONCLUSION: recurrence rate after endoscopic resection of large colorectal lesions was 25.8 % and surgical complementation rate due to failure in the endoscopic treatment of recurrence was 4.8 %.

Próteses metálicas na obstrução colorretal maligna / Metalic stents for malignant colorectal obstrution

As próteses metálicas autoexpansíveis (PMAE) têm sido cada vez mais utilizadas na obstrução colorretal maligna, tanto como medida paliativa na doença avançada, quanto como uma ponte para cirurgia curativa na emergência obstrutiva. Embora ainda existam algumas questões em aberto quanto ao uso das PMAE como uma ponte para cirurgia, seu uso em pacientes com doença irressecável tem sido amplamente aceito. Vantagens dos stents colorretais incluem o alívio imediato da obstrução, evitar a criação de colostomia, menor morbidade e menor estadia hospitalar. Esta revisão discutirá os aspectos técnicos, indicações, desfechos clínicos e complicações das PMAE colorretais.

Self-expanding metal stents (SEMSs) has been increasingly used for the palliation of metastatic colorectal cancer and as a bridge to surgery for obstructing neoplasms. Although there remain a few concerns regarding the use of stents as a bridge to surgical resection, use of SEMSs for palliation in patients with unresectable disease has been widely accepted. Advantages of colorectal stents include prompt restoration of luminal patency, avoidance of stoma creation, lower morbidity and shorter hospital stay. This review will discuss the technical aspects, general indications, clinical outcomes and complications of colorectal stents.

Complicações em colonoscopia / Complications in colonoscopy

A colonoscopia é um exame com possibilidade terapêutica que vem sendo cada vez mais executado. Entretanto, como qualquer procedimento médico, esta modalidade diagnóstica não é isenta de complicações. Estas podem estar relacionadas ao preparo do cólon, à sedação, à analgesia e ao exame colonoscópico propriamente dito. As complicações referentes ao preparo envolvem o jejum e as soluções para limpeza do cólon, que são capazes de ocasionar alterações hidroeletrolíticas que serão mais graves nos pacientes com comorbidades. Durante o exame, alterações dos sinais vitais como hipóxia e hipotensão podem ser induzidas pelos sedativos. Em relação à colonoscopia per si, as complicações estão relacionadas à técnica de exame e aos procedimentos terapêuticos, sendo o sangramento e a perfuração suas principais consequências indesejadas. Neste texto, fazemos uma revisão dos diversos eventos adversos que podem ocorrer na preparação da colonoscopia e nos períodos peri e pós-exame.

The colonoscopy is an diagnostic procedure with the possibility of therapy that is being increasingly performed. However, this diagnostic modality is not free from complications. These may be related to bowel preparation, sedation and analgesia and the colonoscopy itself. Complications related to preparation involve fasting and solutions for cleaning the colon, which are capable to cause electrolytic changes, more severe in patients with co-morbidities. During the examination, changes in vital signs such as hypoxia and hypotension may be induced by sedatives. Regarding the colonoscopy itself, the complications are related to technical examination and therapeutic procedures, with bleeding and perforation its major unintended consequences. In this paper, we review the various adverse events that may occur in preparation for colonoscopy and in the peri-and post-test.

Drenagem biliar na paliação dos tumores malignos da confluência biliopancreática: estudo comparativo das abordagens cirúrgica e endoscópica ecoguiada / Biliary drainage in the palliative management of malignant tumors in the biliopancreatic junction: a comparative study of surgical and endosonography-guided approaches

Introdução: A maioria dos pacientes acometidos pela neoplasia que envolve a confluência biliopancreática é diagnosticada em fase avançada. A Colangiopancreatografia Retrógrada Endoscópica (CPRE) é o método de escolha para a drenagem da via biliar obstruída. Todavia, existe um índice de insucesso em torno de 10%. Nesses casos, técnicas alternativas serão aplicadas, como drenagem percutânea trans-hepática e drenagens cirúrgicas. Objetivo: Avaliar o sucesso técnico, clínico, qualidade de vida e sobrevida da drenagem biliar pela cirurgia convencional e técnica endoscópica ecoguiada em pacientes portadores de neoplasia maligna da confluência biliopancreática. Método: No período de abril de 2010 a setembro de 2013, foram estudados 32 pacientes portadores de neoplasia maligna da confluência biliopancreática. Todos os que foram incluídos nesse estudo apresentaram falha na drenagem biliar por CPRE. Três deles foram excluídos por insucesso técnico (falha na confecção da anastomose hepaticojejunal e da formação da fístula coledocoduodenal ecoguiada). O Grupo I foi formado por 15 pacientes submetidos à Hepaticojejunostomia (HJT) em "Y" de Roux e derivação gastrojejunal. O Grupo II foi formado por 14 pacientes submetidos à coledocoduodenostomia ecoguiada (CDT). O sucesso clínico foi avaliado pela queda da bilirrubina sérica total em mais de 50% nos sete primeiros dias após o procedimento. A qualidade de vida foi avaliada pelo questionário SF-36 e a sobrevida pela curva de Kaplan-Meier. Resultados: O sucesso técnico foi de 93,75% (15/16) no Grupo I e de 87,5% (14/16) no Grupo II (p = 0,598). O sucesso clínico ocorreu em 14 (93,33%) pacientes pertencentes ao Grupo I e em 10 (71,43%) do Grupo II. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa (p = 0,169). O comportamento médio dos escores de qualidade de vida foi estatisticamente igual entre as técnicas ao longo do seguimento (p > 0,05 Técnica * Momento). Houve alteração média estatisticamente significativa ao...

Introduction: Most patients with neoplasm in the biliopancreatic junction are diagnosed at an advanced stage. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is the method of choice for drainage of obstructed biliary tract. However, there is a failure rate of about 10%. In such cases, alternative techniques, such as, percutaneous transhepatic drainage and surgical drainage are applied. Aim: To evaluate the technical and clinical success, quality of life and patient survival of biliary drainage by conventional surgery and endosonography-guided technique in patients with malignant neoplasm of the biliopancreatic junction. Methodology: From April 2010 to September 2013, 32 patients with malignant neoplasm of the biliopancreatic junction were studied. All patients included in this study had failed biliary drainage by ERCP. Three patients were excluded due to technical failure (failure in the construction of hepatico-jejuno anastomosis and formation of endosonography-guided choledochoduodenal fistula). Group I comprised of 15 patients who underwent Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy (HJT) and gastrojejunal bypass. Group II consisted of 14 patients who underwent endosonography-guided choledochoduodenostomy (CDT). Clinical success was assessed by the decrease of more than 50% in total serum bilirubin in the first seven days after the procedure. Quality of life was assessed by SF-36 questionnaire and survival by Kaplan-Meier curve. Results: Technical success rate was 93.75% (15/16) in group I and 87.5% (14/16) in group II (p = 0.598). Clinical success occurred in 14 (93.33%) patients in group I and 10 (71.43%) patients in group II. There was no significant statistically difference (p = 0.169). The average quality of life score were statistically equal between the techniques during follow-up (p > 0.05 * Technical Moment). There were statistically significant mean changes during follow-up of functional capacity score, physical health, pain, social...