IPSC-NSCs-derived exosomal let-7b-5p improves motor function after spinal cord Injury by modulating microglial/macrophage pyroptosis.

BACKGROUND: Following spinal cord injury (SCI), the inflammatory storm initiated by microglia/macrophages poses a significant impediment to the recovery process. Exosomes play a crucial role in the transport of miRNAs, facilitating essential cellular communication through the transfer of genetic material. However, the miRNAs from iPSC-NSCs-Exos and their potential mechanisms leading to repair after SCI remain unclear. This study aims to explore the role of iPSC-NSCs-Exos in microglia/macrophage pyroptosis and reveal their potential mechanisms. METHODS: iPSC-NSCs-Exos were characterized and identified using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), and Western blot. A mouse SCI model and a series of in vivo and in vitro experiments were conducted to investigate the therapeutic effects of iPSC-NSCs-Exos. Subsequently, miRNA microarray analysis and rescue experiments were performed to confirm the role of miRNAs in iPSC-NSCs-Exos in SCI. Mechanistic studies were carried out using Western blot, luciferase activity assays, and RNA-ChIP. RESULTS: Our findings revealed that iPSC-NSCs-derived exosomes inhibited microglia/macrophage pyroptosis at 7 days post-SCI, maintaining myelin integrity and promoting axonal growth, ultimately improving mice motor function. The miRNA microarray showed let-7b-5p to be highly enriched in iPSC-NSCs-Exos, and LRIG3 was identified as the target gene of let-7b-5p. Through a series of rescue experiments, we uncovered the connection between iPSC-NSCs and microglia/macrophages, revealing a novel target for treating SCI. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, we discovered that iPSC-NSCs-derived exosomes can package and deliver let-7b-5p, regulating the expression of LRIG3 to ameliorate microglia/macrophage pyroptosis and enhance motor function in mice after SCI. This highlights the potential of combined therapy with iPSC-NSCs-Exos and let-7b-5p in promoting functional recovery and limiting inflammation following SCI.

Upregulation of G-protein Coupled Receptor 120 in Rats Following Spinal Cord Injury.

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are fundamental mediators of a wide array of processes including proliferation, immune cell function and neural signaling. GPR120 is a GPCR present within the spleen, lungs, adipose tissue and intestines that is stimulated by endogenous free fatty acids (FFAs). Whether GPR120 is expressed or functionally relevant in the central nervous system (CNS), however, has yet to be directly examined. Herein, a rat spinal cord injury (SCI) model was established and used to explore the expression of GPR120 in SCI. Western blotting and immunohistochemical staining revealed that GPR120 was detectable in the spinal tissues of healthy rats, and the levels rose following SCI and reached the peak on day 3, whereafter they declined to basal levels within two weeks post-SCI. Dual immunofluorescent staining revealed detectable GPR120 expression in astrocytes, microglia and a limited number of neurons. Following SCI, GPR120 upregulation was primarily evident in astrocytes. After injury, colocalization between GPR120 and the proliferative marker PCNA was also detected. Together, these results offer new insights regarding the dynamics of spinal cord GPR120 expression and suggest that it may play important roles in the CNS following SCI.

An old unicondylar tibial plateau fracture (Schatzker type III) with tibial shaft fracture: A case report.

Introduction: and importance: Unicondylar tibial plateau fractures with tibial shaft fractures are extremely rare among the elderly group of people. The traditional treatment method is to apply double plates to fix unicondylar tibial plateau fractures combined with tibial shaft fractures respectively, but this fixation method can disrupt the blood supply around the soft tissues and increase the rate of postoperative infection and fracture non-union. In this paper, we would analyse an old unicondylar tibial plateau fracture (Schatzker type III) with tibial shaft fracture which admitted to our department and discussed the efficacy of using intramedullary nails and plates in the treatment of these fractures. Case presentation: A 78-year-old woman with an old unicondylar tibial plateau fracture combined with tibial shaft fracture was presented in this case. Using an intramedullary nail combined with a plate to achieve good results. Clinical discussion: This case represents a rare case of an unicondylar tibial plateau fracture with a tibial shaft fracture. In this case, the tibial plateau fracture was first incised and internally fixed with a 9-hole plate across the fracture line of the tibial shaft, followed by fixing the tibial shaft fracture with an intramedullary nail. This treatment helped us successfully reset the unicondylar tibial plateau fracture with tibial shaft fracture and provided a satisfactory outcome for the patient. Conclusion: Using intramedullary nails combined with plates to treat unicondylar tibial plateau fractures with tibial shaft fractures allowed for a predictable healing result.

Carpal tunnel syndrome associated with chronic bursitis: A case report.

This current report presents a rare case of carpal tunnel syndrome with chronic bursitis that was treated successfully by open surgery. A 53-year-old female patient that had begun to experience swelling, pain and limited flexion activity of the left wrist 1 year previously presented because of a deterioration in her condition and numbness of the thumb, index finger and middle finger in the previous 2 months without any treatment. The diagnosis of bursitis should be based on clinical symptoms and signs, combined with colour ultrasonography, magnetic resonance imaging, arthroscopy and arthrography. Bursitis should be differentiated from arthritis, tendonitis, fracture and neoplasm, but complete exclusion depends on the postoperative pathological results. In this current case, the histopathological findings were consistent with bursitis without malignancy. After surgery, the patient was instructed to perform rehabilitation exercises for the wrist joint. These exercises included passive activity 3 days after surgery and active activity 1 week after surgery. There was also regular follow-up every 3 months. The patient recovered well and reported that the pain and numbness that she described preoperatively had been resolved.

Giant cell tumor of tendon sheath at the hand: A case report and literature review.

INTRODUCTION: GCTTS is the second most popular soft tissue tumor at the hand next to ganglion cyst, and also named tenosynovial giant cell tumor or pigmented villonodular tenosynovitis. It is divided into localized form and diffuse form. We introduce a report of a rare case of GCTTS in a female where lesions were identiied within the left ring finger and also conducted a literature review. PRESENTATION OF CASE: We describe a 32-year-old female patient with GCTTS a single digit since six months. Radiographic and histopathological examination is necessary to help determine whether to take further treatment. Surgical excision was performed, including complete removal of the tumor and reconstruction of the pulley with autologous tendon. Histopathology suggested that these masses were consistent with GCTTS without malignancy. There was no clinical and radiologic evidence of recurrence six months after surgery. DISCUSSION: GCTTS is a benign fibrous tissue tumor originating from the tenosynosheath, bursae and joint synovium. This tumor is more common in adults aged 30-50, and is slanted toward females. The major risk of GCTTS is recurrence and joint damage, which requires surgical resection. The integrity of the pulley plays an important role in the function of the hand. In this case, the ipsilateral metacarpal tendon was taken during the operation to reconstruct the pulley to reduce the possibility of loss of hand function. CONCLUSION: This case represents a rare case of GCTTS at the hand within a single digit. Due to its high recurrence rate, the tumor should be completely removed to reduce the possibility of recurrence. Radiographic and histopathological examination must be performed on the tumor, which is determined to be benign and does not require further treatment. The function of the hand should be reconstructed to minimize the loss if necessary.