RESUMO
To facilitate the cell-based experiment for pulsed electromagnetic field biological effect study, a novel TEM-cell-integrated CO2 incubator was developed. The integrated experimental system could simultaneously meet the requirement of standard cell culture condition and the various Transient Electromagnetic Field (TEF) exposure, which made it possible to study the relationship between different electromagnetic pulse exposure and the cellular responses in a reliable way. During the research, a comparison experiment was carried out to evaluate the necessity of the integrated incubator system: firstly, two different types of cell lines, which are the human prostate cancer cell line (PC3) and the pancreatic ß cell line (MIN6) were chosen and exposed in the TEM-cell which located in the open area and the integrated system, respectively, with the same EFT radiation conditions; then, the cells' viability, the cellular ROS level and the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) were detected, respectively. The results showed that in the same parameter of the EFT radiation, the processes of the cells had a significant difference and even opposite in the incubator and open area, and all the results could be reproducible. The phenomenon indicated the stability of the TEM-cell-integrated CO2 incubator, and also demonstrated the necessity to strictly control the cell culture condition when carrying out the precise mechanism study of the TEF bioresponse at the cellular levels.
Assuntos
Campos Eletromagnéticos , Animais , Dióxido de Carbono/farmacologia , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos da radiação , Humanos , Potencial da Membrana Mitocondrial/efeitos dos fármacos , Potencial da Membrana Mitocondrial/efeitos da radiação , Camundongos , Células PC-3 , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) and Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) are important pathogens, which cause serious disease in animals. However, information about BVDV and MAP infection in Tibetan sheep in China is limited. Two thousand one hundred and eighty-seven blood samples were collected from Tibetan sheep between April 2013 and March 2014 from the Tibetan Plateau and tested for BVDV and MAP antibodies using commercial ELISA kits. The overall seroprevalence of BVDV and MAP in Tibetan sheep was 36.7 and 11.29%, respectively. Furthermore, risk factor analysis indicated that the age of sheep was statistically significant associated with BVDV infection and the region was considered as the risk factor of MAP infection in sheep (P < 0.05), gender and season were not considered as risk factors. This is the first report of seroprevalence and risk factors associated with BVDV and MAP infection in Tibetan Sheep in China, which will provide baseline information for controlling BVDV and MAP infection in ruminants in the Tibetan Plateau, western China.
Assuntos
Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis , Paratuberculose/epidemiologia , Doenças dos Ovinos/microbiologia , Animais , Anticorpos Antibacterianos , Anticorpos Antivirais , Vírus da Diarreia Viral Bovina , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática/veterinária , Fatores de Risco , Estações do Ano , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , Ovinos , Doenças dos Ovinos/epidemiologia , Doenças dos Ovinos/virologia , Tibet/epidemiologiaRESUMO
The apicomplexan protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii is a widely distributed etiological agent of foodborne illness. This parasite can cause production losses in livestock and serious disease in humans through consumption of contaminated meat. Pig meat is the most likely source of human infection, and wild boars may play a role in the transmission of T. gondii by serving as a reservoir host. This study aimed to investigate the seroprevalence of antibodies to T. gondii among farmed wild boars in China. In an 11-month survey, a total of 882 serum samples were obtained from farmed wild boars from three cities (Jilin City, Siping City, and Baishan City) in Jilin province, Northeast China and were tested for antibodies specific for T. gondii. Using modified agglutination test and a cutoff titer of 1:25, the prevalence of T. gondii infection in the examined samples was 10.0% (88 of 882). The highest seroprevalence was observed in animals from Jilin city (15.3%, 43/281) and followed by Siping (11.4%, 30/263) and Baishan (4.4%, 15/338). Logistic regression analysis revealed a significant correlation between the investigated geographic region and T. gondii infection. In addition, prevalence was higher in females compared to males, and the highest prevalence was detected in piglets. These findings indicate that farmed wild boars may become a source of foodborne toxoplasmosis, posing a food safety threat to the public health in the investigated areas. Implementation of effective measures to control T. gondii infection in farmed wild boars in China may be warranted.
Assuntos
Doenças Transmitidas por Alimentos/epidemiologia , Sus scrofa/parasitologia , Toxoplasma/isolamento & purificação , Toxoplasmose Animal/diagnóstico , Toxoplasmose Animal/epidemiologia , Testes de Aglutinação , Animais , Anticorpos Antiprotozoários/sangue , China/epidemiologia , Cidades , Feminino , Contaminação de Alimentos/análise , Parasitologia de Alimentos , Inocuidade dos Alimentos , Doenças Transmitidas por Alimentos/diagnóstico , Doenças Transmitidas por Alimentos/parasitologia , Humanos , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Carne/parasitologia , Prevalência , Saúde Pública , Suínos , Doenças dos Suínos/epidemiologia , Doenças dos Suínos/parasitologiaRESUMO
The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence and risk factors of fascioliasis in yaks, Bos grunniens, from 3 counties of Gansu Province in China. A total of 1,584 serum samples, including 974 samples from white yaks from Tianzhu, 464 from black yaks from Maqu, and 146 from black yaks from Luqu County, were collected and analyzed using ELISA to detect IgG antibodies against Fasciola hepatica. The overall F. hepatica seroprevalence was 28.7% (454/1,584), with 29.2% in white yaks (284/974) and 27.9% in black yaks (170/610). The seroprevalence of F. hepatica in yaks from Tianzhu, Luqu, and Maqu was 29.2%, 22.6%, and 29.5%, respectively. Female yaks (30.9%) had higher F. hepatica seroprevalence than male yaks (23.4%). Also, F. hepatica seroprevalence varied by different age group from 24.1% to 33.8%. Further, the seroprevalence ranged from 21.8% to 39.1% over different seasons. Interestingly, the season and age of yaks were associated with F. hepatica infection in yaks in the investigated areas. These findings provided a basis for further studies on this disease in yaks from 3 counties of Gansu Province in northwestern China, which may ultimately support the development of effective control strategies of fascioliasis in these areas.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Anti-Helmínticos/sangue , Bovinos/parasitologia , Fasciola hepatica/imunologia , Fasciolíase/veterinária , Animais , China/epidemiologia , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Fasciolíase/epidemiologia , Feminino , Imunoglobulina G/sangue , Masculino , Fatores de Risco , Estudos SoroepidemiológicosRESUMO
Cryptosporidiosis is caused by species of Cryptosporidium protozoa that can infect a wide range of host animals worldwide. However, data regarding Cryptosporidium infection in farmed pigs in subtropical areas in China is limited. Therefore, a total of 396 fecal samples were obtained from farmed pigs from Zhejiang (n = 124), Guangdong (n = 72), and Yunnan (n = 200) provinces, China, and were tested by PCR amplification of the small subunit (SSU) rRNA gene. The overall prevalence of Cryptosporidium in pigs was 17.68% (70/396), with 20.11% (36/179) in male pigs and 15.67% (34/217) in female pigs. Additionally, Cryptosporidium prevalence was 8.33% (6/72) in Guangdong province, 14.52% (18/124) in Zhejiang province, and 23.00% (46/200) in Yunnan province. A DNA sequence analysis of the SSU rRNA gene revealed that all of the isolates represented C. scrofarum. This is the first report of C. scrofarum infection in pigs in Guangdong and Yunnan provinces in subtropical areas of China. The results of the present study provide foundation data for control and prevention of Cryptosporidium infection in pigs in the study areas in China.
Assuntos
Criptosporidiose/epidemiologia , Cryptosporidium/isolamento & purificação , Doenças dos Suínos/epidemiologia , Animais , China/epidemiologia , Fezes/parasitologia , Feminino , Masculino , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/veterinária , Prevalência , Fatores de Risco , Análise de Sequência de DNA , SuínosRESUMO
To explore the relationship between brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene and bone mineral density (BMD) in Chinese Han population, we performed association analysis of 14 tag SNPs on BDNF gene with hip/spine BMD in 1300 Han Chinese samples from Shaanxi Province. We found that 8 of the 14 SNPs were significantly associated with hip or spine BMD (P < 0.05). Moreover, the SNP rs16917237 was significantly associated with both hip and spine BMD, with significant Bonferroni correlation (P value 0.05/14 = 0.0036) in hip BMD. To further explore the regulatory mechanism of BDNF gene in osteoporosis, we further performed a set of data analyses, including linkage disequilibrium and haplotype analysis, epigenetic annotation, expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) analysis and metabolic pathway analysis. Further, we have established a mouse pre-osteoblasts differentiation cell model (MC3T3-E1) by recombination human bone morphogenetic protein (rh-BMP2) induction. siRNA- mediated knock down of BDNF in this cell model showed that all 14 SNPs are in the same haplotype block. Strong signals of active histone H3K4me1, H3K4me3, H3K27ac modifications and P300 binding were observed in osteoblasts, in the region surrounding the most significant SNP rs16917237, suggesting that this SNP might have a regulatory function in osteoblasts. Furthermore, analysis of genotype data of rs16917237 and BDNF expression in multiple tissues from GTEx showed that rs16917237 SNP could significantly affect the expression of BDNF in 11 tissues. Through analysis of the various BDNF pathways, we showed that BDNF participates in the MAPK pathway, which is a vital and well-established pathway affecting osteoblasts proliferation and differentiation. siRNA knock down of BDNF significantly decreased the mRNA and protein levels of CREB, which is important in the MAPK pathway in osteoblast differentiation. These findings suggest that BDNF might affect osteoblast differentiation via regulation of CREB expression. In conclusion, our results from combined genetic association and functional analyses show that BDNF is a vital osteoporosis susceptibility gene, which can affect BMD not only in Chinese Han but also likely in other populations.
Assuntos
Fator Neurotrófico Derivado do Encéfalo/genética , Predisposição Genética para Doença/genética , Osteoporose/genética , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único/genética , Adulto , Feminino , Genótipo , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMO
Giardia intestinalis is a cosmopolitan protozoan parasite that can infect a range of animals, including dairy cattle. As information regarding the prevalence and genotyping of G. intestinalis infection in dairy cattle in northwestern China is limited, 2,945 feces samples from 1,224 dairy cattle in Gansu Province and from 1,614 in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (NXHAR) were examined between December 2012 and March 2014. The overall prevalence of G. intestinalis was 3.63% (107/2,945), with 2.63% and 4.38% in Gansu and NXHAR, respectively. Logistic regression analysis showed region, age and season to be significant risk factors for G. intestinalis infection. Assemblage analysis identified 106 assemblage E and one assemblage A at the triose phosphate isomerase (tpi) locus in this study. Intravariations were also detected at tpi, glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh) and beta giardin (bg) loci within assemblage E, showing seven, three, and five new subtypes, respectively. Moreover, 13 new multilocus genotypes (E20-E32) were observed in assemblage E. Effective strategies and measures should be taken to prevent and control giardiasis in Gansu and NXHAR.
Assuntos
Doenças dos Bovinos/epidemiologia , Giardia lamblia/genética , Giardíase/veterinária , Fatores Etários , Animais , Bovinos , Doenças dos Bovinos/parasitologia , China/epidemiologia , DNA de Protozoário/genética , Indústria de Laticínios , Fezes/parasitologia , Feminino , Genótipo , Giardia lamblia/enzimologia , Giardíase/epidemiologia , Giardíase/parasitologia , Glutamato Desidrogenase/genética , Tipagem de Sequências Multilocus , Filogenia , Prevalência , Fatores de Risco , Estações do Ano , Triose-Fosfato Isomerase/genéticaRESUMO
Cryptosporidium is a widespread protozoan parasite that infects a large number of vertebrate animals, resulting in varying degrees of diarrhea or even death. As dairy cattle feces is an important source of Cryptosporidium spp. infection, development of a handy and accurate detection method via its oocysts in dairy cattle feces would be interesting and necessary. We herein developed a quick detecting method using recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) combined with lateral flow (LF) strip to detect DNA of Cryptosporidium oocysts in dairy cattle feces. The DNA was released by boiled water with 0.1 % N-lauroylsarcosine sodium salt (LSS). The established method was proven to be of higher sensitivity than normal polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification with the lowest detection of 0.5 oocyst per reaction, and specificity with no cross reactivity to other common protozoan species in the intestine of dairy cattle. The diagnostic method established herein is simple, rapid, and cost-effective, and has potential for further development as a diagnostic kit for the diagnosis of cryptosporidiosis of dairy cattle.
Assuntos
Doenças dos Bovinos/diagnóstico , Criptosporidiose/diagnóstico , Cryptosporidium/genética , DNA de Protozoário/genética , Fezes/parasitologia , Técnicas de Amplificação de Ácido Nucleico/métodos , Oocistos/citologia , Animais , Bovinos , Doenças dos Bovinos/parasitologia , Criptosporidiose/parasitologia , Cryptosporidium/isolamento & purificação , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/métodos , Sarcosina/análogos & derivados , Sensibilidade e EspecificidadeRESUMO
Bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV), a member of the Pestivirus genus, is an important pathogen of cattle worldwide, causing reproductive disorders in adult cattle and mucosal disease in calves. However, limited information about BVDV infection in yaks (Bos grunniens) in China is available, especially in white yaks which is a unique yak breed that only lives in Tianzhu Tibetan Autonomous County (TTAC), Gansu Province, northwest China. Therefore, we conducted a cross-sectional study to estimate the seroprevalence and risk factors associated with BVDV infection in 1584 yaks in Gansu province, northwest China, between April 2013 and March 2014 using an indirect ELISA test. The overall seroprevalence of BVDV in yaks was 37.56 % (595/1584), with 45.08 % (275/610) in black yaks and 32.85 % (320/974) in white yaks. Moreover, positive yaks were found in all four regions, varied from 33.22 to 40.31 %. Male yaks had a similar seroprevalence (37.84 %) with that of the female yaks (37.11 %). Season, species and geographical origins of yaks were considered as risk factors analyzed by logistic regression model. To our knowledge, this is the first report of seroprevalence and risk factors associated with BVDV infection in white yaks in China.
Assuntos
Doença das Mucosas por Vírus da Diarreia Viral Bovina/epidemiologia , Bovinos , Vírus da Diarreia Viral Bovina Tipo 1/isolamento & purificação , Animais , Doença das Mucosas por Vírus da Diarreia Viral Bovina/sangue , Doença das Mucosas por Vírus da Diarreia Viral Bovina/etiologia , China/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática/veterinária , Feminino , Masculino , Fatores de Risco , Estações do Ano , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , Clima TropicalRESUMO
Recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) is a recently -developed isothermal nucleic-acid-amplification technology that is based on the nucleic acid replication mechanism in T4 bacteriophage. With this technique, nucleic-acid templates can be amplified to measurable levels within 20 min at 37-42 °C. The. RPA process has high sensitivity and specificity, and is simple to operate, thus nucleic acids can be detected rapidly in non-laboratory conditions. Since its development in 2006, the RPA technique has been applied in agriculture, food safety, medicine, transgene detection, etc. In this review, we will give an overview on the research progress of RPA and its application in parasite detection.
Assuntos
DNA Polimerase Dirigida por DNA , Técnicas de Amplificação de Ácido Nucleico , Parasitos/isolamento & purificação , Recombinases , AnimaisRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Protein Kinases are key regulators of cell function and play essential roles in the occurrence and development of many human diseases. Many kinase inhibitors have been used for molecular targeted treatment of those diseases such as cancer and inflammation. However, those highly hydrophobic kinase inhibitors shared the common features of poor bioavailability and limited in vivo half-life, which strongly impeded their practical applications. Our previous study demonstrated that microbial synthesized biodegradable polyester poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) (PHBHHx), a member of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) family, could serve as a promising delivery nanocarrier for those hydrophobic kinase inhibitors. Recently, a novel natural synthesized hybrid copolymer, PEG200 end-capped PHBHHx (PHBHHxPEG) was produced by Aeromonas hydrophila fermentation. In this study, the novel PHBHHxPEG NPs were prepared and investigated to serve as intracellular delivery nanocarriers for sustained release of hydrophobic kinase inhibitors. RESULTS: PHBHHxPEG nanoparticles (NPs) prepared by an emulsification-solvent evaporation method were spherical with a diameter around 200 nm. The entrapment efficiency on rapamycin in PHBHHxPEG NPs was 91.9% and the sustained release of rapamycin from PHBHHxPEG NPs could be achieved for almost 10 days. The cellular uptake of PHBHHxPEG NPs was significant higher than that of PHBHHx NPs. The anti-proliferation effect and mTOR inhibition ability of rapamycin-loaded PHBHHxPEG NPs was stronger than that of drug-loaded PHBHHx NPs and free rapamycin. CONCLUSIONS: PHBHHxPEG NPs could achieve the efficient entrapment and sustained release of rapamycin. The novel biodegradable PHBHHxPEG appeared a promising nanocarrier for sustained delivery of hydrophobic kinase inhibitors with improved cellular uptake and kinase inhibition efficiency.
Assuntos
Ácido 3-Hidroxibutírico/biossíntese , Portadores de Fármacos/química , Nanopartículas/química , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/química , Ácido 3-Hidroxibutírico/química , Aeromonas hydrophila/metabolismo , Animais , Caproatos/química , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Preparações de Ação Retardada/química , Endocitose , Fermentação , Humanos , Camundongos , Sirolimo/química , Serina-Treonina Quinases TOR/metabolismoRESUMO
Recently, the frequent seasonal drought in Southwest China has brought considerable concerns and continuous heated arguments on the "water pump" viewpoint (i.e., the water demand from Hevea spp. and Eucalyptus spp. can be treated as a water pump) once again. However, such viewpoint just focused on water consumption from vegetation transpiration and its ecoenvironment impacts, which had not considered other attributes of vegetation, namely, water saving and drought resistance, and hydrological regulation (water conservation) into consideration. Thus, in this paper, the synthesized attributes of regional vegetation water use had been mainly discussed. The results showed that the study on such aspects as the characters of water consumption from vegetation transpiration, the potential of water saving and drought resistance, and the effects of hydrological regulation in Southwest China lagged far behind, let alone the report on synthesized attributes of water utilization with the organic combination of the three aspects above or the paralleled analysis. Accordingly, in this paper, the study on the synthesized attributes of water use by regional vegetation in Southwest China was suggested, and the objectives of such a special study were clarified, targeting the following aspects: (i) characters of water consumption from transpiration of regional typical artificial vegetation; (ii) potential of water saving and drought resistance of regional typical artificial vegetation; (iii) effects of hydrological regulation of regional typical artificial vegetation; (iv) synthesized attributes of water use by regional typical artificial vegetation. It is expected to provide a new idea for the scientific assessment on the regional vegetation ecoenvironment effects and theoretical guidance for the regional vegetation reconstruction and ecological restoration.
Assuntos
Eucalyptus/metabolismo , Regulação da Expressão Gênica de Plantas , Genes de Plantas , Hevea/metabolismo , Água/metabolismo , Adaptação Fisiológica , Transporte Biológico , China , Conservação dos Recursos Naturais , Secas , Ecossistema , Monitoramento Ambiental , Eucalyptus/genética , Eucalyptus/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Hevea/genética , Hevea/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Transdução de Sinais , SoloRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Whole genome radiation hybrid (WG-RH) maps serve as "scaffolds" to significantly improve the orientation of small bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) contigs, order genes within the contigs and assist assembly of a sequence-ready map for virtually any species. Here, we report the construction of a porcine: human comparative map for pig (Sus scrofa) chromosome 10 (SSC10) using the IMNpRH2(12,000-rad) porcine WG-RH panel, integrated with the IMpRH(7000-rad) WG-RH, genetic and BAC fingerprinted contig (FPC) maps. RESULTS: Map vectors from the IMNpRH2(12,000-rad) and IMpRH(7,000-rad) panels were merged to construct parallel framework (FW) maps, within which FW markers common to both panels have an identical order. This strategy reduced map discrepancies between the two panels and significantly improved map accuracy. A total of 216 markers, including 50 microsatellites (MSs), 97 genes and ESTs, and 69 BAC end sequences (BESs), were ordered within two linkage groups at two point (2 pt) LOD score of 8. One linkage group covers SSC10p with accumulated map distances of 738.2 cR(7,000) and 1814.5 cR(12,000), respectively. The second group covers SSC10q at map distances of 1336.9 cR(7,000) and 3353.6 cR(12,000), yielding an overall average map resolution of 16.4 kb/cR(12,000) or 393.5 kb per marker on SSC10. This represents an approximately 2.5-fold increase in map resolution over the IMpRH(7,000-rad) panel. Based on 127 porcine markers that have homologous sequences in the human genome, a detailed comparative map between SSC10 and human (Homo sapiens) chromosome (HSA) 1, 9 and 10 was built. CONCLUSION: This initial comparative RH map of SSC10 refines the syntenic regions between SSC10 and HSA1, 9 and 10. It integrates the IMNpRH2(12,000-rad) and IMpRH(7,000-rad), genetic and BAC FPC maps and provides a scaffold to close potential gaps between contigs prior to genome sequencing and assembly. This map is also useful in fine mapping of QTLs on SSC10.
Assuntos
Mapeamento de Híbridos Radioativos/métodos , Sus scrofa/genética , Animais , Cromossomos Artificiais Bacterianos , Etiquetas de Sequências Expressas , Ordem dos Genes , Marcadores Genéticos , Humanos , Repetições de Microssatélites , Alinhamento de Sequência , Análise de Sequência de DNA , SinteniaRESUMO
Horse meat and milk are an important source of nutrition for many Chinese. Previous studies have shown a fairly high prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in horses. However, there is no data concerning the molecular characterization of T. gondii in horses in China. The present study tested 231 cervical lymph node samples of horses from northern China (97 from Jilin, 54 from Liaoning, and 80 from Xinjiang) for the presence of the T. gondii B1 gene by seminested PCR. The B1-positive samples were genotyped at nine nuclear loci, that is, SAG1, alternative SAG2, SAG3, BTUB, c22-8, GRA6, c29-2, PK1, and an apicoplast locus, using PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism technique. A total of 14 (6.06%) out of 231 samples were T. gondii positive. The overall prevalence of T. gondii in the horses was 5.15% (5/97) for Jilin Province, 5.55% (3/54) for Liaoning Province, and 7.50% (6/80) for Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. Of the 14 positive samples, only 2 were successfully genotyped at all loci, 5 were successfully genotyped at 5-8 loci, and all typed samples belong to ToxoDB genotype no. 9. To our knowledge, this is the first molecular characterization of the T. gondii isolates from horses in China.
Assuntos
Doenças dos Cavalos/parasitologia , Toxoplasma/genética , Toxoplasmose Animal/parasitologia , Animais , China/epidemiologia , Doenças dos Cavalos/epidemiologia , Cavalos , Humanos , Toxoplasmose Animal/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) is a common clinical disease that seriously threatens human health and life. Accurate location of the upper airway obstruction is the key to the diagnosis and treatment of OSAHS. Acoustic pharyngometry uses sound reflection to quickly assess the cross-sectional area and volume of the upper airway. Acoustic pharyngometry represents a simple, quick, non-invasive method for measuring upper airway dimensions which could predict sleep apnea risk. In this article we sought to introduce the application of acoustic pharyngometry in the diagnosis and treatment of OSAHS.
Assuntos
Acústica , Faringe/diagnóstico por imagem , Apneia Obstrutiva do Sono , Humanos , Laringe , Apneia Obstrutiva do Sono/diagnóstico , Apneia Obstrutiva do Sono/terapia , SíndromeRESUMO
Enterocytozoon bieneusi is the most important causative agent of microsporidiosis and can infect almost all vertebrate and invertebrate hosts, including minks (Neovison vison). In the present study, a total of 298 feces samples (including 79 from Heilongjiang province, 31 from Hebei province, 67 from Jilin province, 90 from Liaoning province, and 31 from Shandong province, Northern China) were examined by nested PCR amplification of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the rRNA gene. The overall prevalence of E. bieneusi in minks was 10.1%, with 10.5% in Jilin province, 32.3% in Hebei province, 8.9% in Liaoning province, 0% in Shandong province, and 6.3% in Heilongjiang province. Furthermore, multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that region was only risk factors associated with E. bieneusi infection in the investigated minks. Five E. bieneusi ITS genotypes (three known genotypes, namely D, Peru11, and EbpC; two novel genotypes, namely, NCM-1 and NCM-2) were found in the current study. Importantly, genotypes D, Peru11 and EbpC, previously identified in humans, were also found in minks, which suggested that minks are the potential sources of human microsporidiosis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of E. bieneusi infection in minks worldwide. The results of the present survey have implications for the controlling E. bieneusi infection in minks, other animals and humans.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Giardia duodenalis is one of the most important intestinal parasites that can infect virtually all animals, including rabbits and humans. However, there is little information regarding the prevalence and genotypes of G. duodenalis in domestic rabbits in China. METHODS: A total of 426 rabbit fecal samples (136 from Shenyang City, 174 from Changchun City, and 116 from Jilin City) were examined by Lugol's iodine staining with microscopy analysis, and the positive samples were genotyped at the triosephosphate isomerase (tpi) and the beta giardin (bg) gene loci using nested PCR. RESULTS: Forty-two (9.86%) out of 426 rabbit fecal samples were G. duodenalis-positive under microscopy analysis, and the highest G. duodenalis infection rate was 23.08% on farm 6. The prevalence of G. duodenalis in rabbits from different cities ranged from 1.47% to 14.37%. Among different age groups, G. duodenalis prevalence in rabbits ranged from 5.41% to 12.58%. The prevalence of G. duodenalis in outdoor rabbits and indoor rabbits was 14.29% and 6.77%, respectively. In the present study, region and farming mode were highly correlated with G. duodenalis infection in rabbits. All 42 G. duodenalis isolates were successfully amplified and sequenced at the tpi and bg loci, and only G. duodenalis assemblage B were identified. CONCLUSION: This study not only further confirmed the dominance of G. duodenalis assemblage B in rabbits, but also further improved the foundation data concerning the distribution of G. duodenalis assemblages in China.
Assuntos
Doenças dos Animais/epidemiologia , Doenças dos Animais/parasitologia , Giardia lamblia/isolamento & purificação , Giardíase/veterinária , Coelhos , Criação de Animais Domésticos/métodos , Animais , China/epidemiologia , Cidades/epidemiologia , Proteínas do Citoesqueleto/genética , Fezes/parasitologia , Genótipo , Técnicas de Genotipagem , Giardíase/epidemiologia , Giardíase/parasitologia , Microscopia , Prevalência , Proteínas de Protozoários/genética , Fatores de Risco , Topografia Médica , Triose-Fosfato Isomerase/genéticaRESUMO
Enterocytozoon bieneusi is one of the most important causative agents of microsporidiosis, causing diarrhoea the symptoms of enteric disease in humans and animals. Although there is some information on the prevalence and genotypes of E. bieneusi in China, there is still a lack of data in pigs in southern China. In the present study, a total of 396 faecal specimens were collected from pigs in Zhejiang, Guangdong and Yunnan provinces in southern China, and were examined by nested PCR amplification of the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) for the prevalence and genotypes of E. bieneusi. The overall prevalence of E. bieneusi in pigs was 31.57% (125/396), forming 15 genotypes, including 9 known genotypes (EbpC, EbpA, D, G, H, PigEBITS5, Henan-IV, KIN-1, CHS5) and 6 novel genotypes (GD1, ZJ1, ZJ2, YN1, YN2 and YN3), which were all clustered into Group 1. Moreover, multilocus sequence typing (MLST) showed that 6, 3, 4 and 5 types were identified in MS1, MS3, MS7 and MS4 loci, respectively, representing four multilocus genotypes (MLGs), designated as MLGs novel-1 to novel-4 in the present study. This is the first detailed study of E. bieneusi using MLST in pigs in southern China, which extended information about the distribution of E. bieneusi genotypes in China.
Assuntos
Enterocytozoon/genética , Genótipo , Microsporidiose/veterinária , Doenças dos Suínos/epidemiologia , Doenças dos Suínos/microbiologia , Animais , China/epidemiologia , Enterocytozoon/classificação , Feminino , Masculino , Tipagem de Sequências Multilocus , Filogenia , Prevalência , SuínosRESUMO
Neospora caninum is an intracellular protozoan parasite which can cause abortion and stillbirth in ruminants. However, there is no information on Tibetan sheep N. caninum infection in China. A total of 2187 serum samples were collected from Tibetan sheep in the major production areas of Luqu, Maqu, and Tianzhu in Gansu province, and Nyingchi in southeast Tibet, China. All samples were analyzed for the presence of antibodies to N. caninum using a competitive-inhibition enzyme-linked immunoassay. Of the 2187 serum samples, 184 (8.4%, 95% CI 7.3-9.6) were tested N. caninum seropositive. The N. caninum seroprevalence ranged from 4.4% (95% CI 1.4-7.4) to 11.3% (95% CI 8.2-14.4) among different regions, seasons, ages, and pregnancies, and there was no statistical significance among those groups (P > 0.05). Seroprevalence in male (10.8% 69/638) (95% CI 8.4-13.2) was significantly higher than in female (7.4% 115/1549) (OR =1.51, 95% CI 6.1-8.7) (P < 0.01). To our knowledge, this is the first report of N. caninum seroprevalence in Tibetan sheep in China, which provides baseline data for the prevention and control of N. caninum infection in Tibetan sheep.
Assuntos
Coccidiose/veterinária , Neospora/isolamento & purificação , Doenças dos Ovinos/parasitologia , Animais , Anticorpos Antiprotozoários , China , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Feminino , Masculino , Gravidez , Fatores de Risco , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , Ovinos , TibetRESUMO
Toxoplasma gondii, an obligate intracellular apicomplexan parasite, can infect homoiothermal vertebrate animals, including raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides). Regretfully, data on T. gondii infection in raccoon dogs were limited in China. Therefore, to investigate the seroprevalence and to evaluate risk factors for T. gondii infection in raccoon dogs, a total of 1181 raccoon dog blood samples were collected from Jilin and Shandong provinces, China, from September to December 2014. The antibodies of T. gondii were examined using the modified agglutination test. Overall, the seroprevalence of T. gondii infection was 8.64% in the examined raccoon dogs. The prevalences of T. gondii infection were different among cities (ranging from 2.96% in Yantai to 17.62% in Qingdao), genders (female: 7.58%; male: 9.22%), and ages (young: 8.53%; subadult: 7.71%; adult: 7.73%). Region was considered as an important risk factor for T. gondii infection in this study. This is the first report of T. gondii infection in raccoon dogs in China, providing baseline information for prevention and control of T. gondii infection in raccoon dogs in Jilin and Shandong provinces, China.