RESUMO
Objective This study aimed to validate the Japanese version of the LupusPRO questionnaire for use with systemic lupus erythematosus patients. Methods Participants were 205 lupus patients recruited from three rheumatology centers in Japan. Demographic data were collected and quality of life was assessed using the LupusPRO and the Short Form Health Survey-12. Disease activity was evaluated by physicians using the Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Activity Index. Some participants completed questionnaires 10-14 days after the first survey. Internal consistency reliability, test-retest reliability, content validity and convergent validity were examined, and confirmatory factor analysis was performed. Results Participants' mean age was 47.8 ± 13.6 years. Older participants scored lower on physical quality of life and higher on coping than younger participants. The LupusPRO showed satisfactory test-retest reliability ( n = 111). Test-retest reliability was lower for the mental and social aspects of quality of life, indicating fluctuations in quality of life during the two-week interval. Internal consistency reliability was good and convergent validity with the corresponding domains of the Short Form Health Survey-12 was satisfactory. Confirmatory factor analysis showed a good model fit. Conclusion The Japanese LupusPRO is a reliable and valid measure to evaluate treatment interventions for systemic lupus erythematosus.
Assuntos
Comparação Transcultural , Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico/psicologia , Avaliação de Resultados em Cuidados de Saúde/métodos , Qualidade de Vida , Adaptação Psicológica , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Análise Fatorial , Feminino , Inquéritos Epidemiológicos , Humanos , Japão , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To assess changes in the health outcomes of Japanese patients before and after total hip arthroplasty (THA), and to assess the impact of THA on commonly performed postures or body positions requiring deep flexion of the hip joint such as the use of Japanese squat toilets. METHODS: Consecutive patients undergoing primary THA between July 2003 and July 2004 were eligible for the study. The Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) and the EuroQol 5D (EQ-5D) were administered at the preoperative period and two postoperative periods of 6 weeks and 6 months. The patients were also asked to rate three items regarding common activities of daily living in Japan such as squatting. Changes in scores were examined using effect size and proportion at the floor and ceiling. RESULTS: Four-hundred and fifty-one patients completed both pre- and post-THA surveys. Significant improvements in pain and physical function as measured by WOMAC and EQ-5D were evident within 6 weeks. Changes in WOMAC and EQ-5D subscale scores and scores for each item from the three time periods were highly significant (P=0.000). The effect size was 1.56 for WOMAC pain and 1.38 for physical function at 6 months. In contrast, two items (Japanese toilet and seiza) became significantly worse at the 6-week postoperative period (P=0.000) and returned to preoperative levels by the 6-month postoperative period. CONCLUSION: These results highlight the importance of evaluating culturally sensitive physical functions in addition to conventional measurements for the health outcomes of THA patients.
Assuntos
Artroplastia de Quadril/reabilitação , Estilo de Vida , Qualidade de Vida , Atividades Cotidianas , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Indicadores Básicos de Saúde , Humanos , Japão , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Postura , PrognósticoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Self-harm and attempted suicide are risk factors for suicide in psychiatric hospital in-patients. This study aimed to analyse the circumstances of self-harm and suicide attempts in a Japanese psychiatric hospital so as to improve management and care. METHODS: Incident reports of self-harm and suicide attempts during a 12.4-year period from November 2000 to March 2013 were reviewed. A descriptive analysis was conducted in terms of age, sex, and diagnosis of patients, as well as level, ward, situations, and causes of incidents. RESULTS: During the study period, 90 cases of self-harm and attempted suicide involving 58 patients were reported. The rate of self-harm and suicide attempts was 0.05 per 1000 patient-days. The types of selfharm and suicide attempts included hanging (n = 25), wrist cutting (n = 19), ingestion of foreign objects (n = 17), and others (n = 29). The single case of completed suicide involved hanging, in a patient with schizophrenia. Among 55 patients with relevant data, the most common clinical diagnosis was mood disorder (41.8%), followed by schizophrenia (36.4%). Mood disorder was 3.5 times as prevalent in females as in males (14 vs. 4). Fourteen patients with mood disorder (n = 8) or schizophrenia (n = 6) were repeatedly involved in 46 of 89 cases of self-harm or attempted suicide; 11 were female. One woman with mood disorder attempted suicide 9 times within the same year. The top 3 management and care factors related to self-harm and suicide attempts were failure to adhere to preventive procedures (28%), insufficient therapeutic communication (28%), and difficulty in predicting suicide (20%). CONCLUSION: Self-harm and suicide attempts at this psychiatric hospital occurred at a rate of 0.05 per 1000 patient-days between late 2000 and early 2013. Efforts are needed to increase compliance with suicide prevention procedures and therapeutic communication, so as to improve management and care of psychiatric in-patients and prevent them from committing suicide.
Assuntos
Transtornos do Humor/epidemiologia , Esquizofrenia/epidemiologia , Comportamento Autodestrutivo/epidemiologia , Tentativa de Suicídio/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto , Comorbidade , Feminino , Hospitais Psiquiátricos/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , Japão/epidemiologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prevalência , Fatores de Risco , Fatores SexuaisRESUMO
Sleep problems are common in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). This study aimed to examine the following: (1) predictors of sleep quality and (2) fluctuations in sleep quality in patients with SLE. Patients with SLE were recruited from three rheumatology centers in Japan. We collected demographic and clinical data and data on sleep quality as measured by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the Medical Outcome Study Short Form-12, and the Lupus Patient Reported Outcome Tool (LupusPRO). Fluctuations in sleep quality were examined by administering the PSQI a second time after a 2-week interval. We used multiple linear regression analysis to predict sleep quality. Of 205 patients who completed the survey, 62.9% showed poor sleep quality. The largest fluctuation in sleep quality was for "waking in the middle of the night or early morning." "LupusPRO pain/vitality" was a major predictor of poor sleep. The other significant predictors were mostly LupusPRO subscales and clinical variables and SF-12 subscales were mostly non-predictive. The majority of the participants had poor sleep quality. A lupus-specific QoL scale is important for understanding poor sleep quality in SLE patients. Symptom management appeared to play a key role in improving sleep quality.
Assuntos
Nível de Saúde , Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico/fisiopatologia , Qualidade de Vida , Distúrbios do Início e da Manutenção do Sono/fisiopatologia , Sono/fisiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Incidência , Japão/epidemiologia , Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico/complicações , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prevalência , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Distúrbios do Início e da Manutenção do Sono/epidemiologia , Distúrbios do Início e da Manutenção do Sono/etiologia , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
A pilot web-based database was created to facilitate epidemiological investigation of nosocomial outbreaks. The database provides highly structured abstracts in a case study format to serve as a guide for investigations. Problems encountered in abstracting over 330 published reports included missing information and classification of study methods. The database offers a new way to review outbreaks, for example, in terms of their impact measured by various combinations of database fields, such as the number of cases, attack rate, pathogens, service/ward and mode of transmission. Feedback from users of the database suggests its usefulness. Creation of a large web-based database seems to be both desirable and feasible.
Assuntos
Infecção Hospitalar/epidemiologia , Bases de Dados Bibliográficas , Surtos de Doenças , Internet , Informática em Saúde Pública , Indexação e Redação de Resumos , Infecção Hospitalar/etiologia , Estudos Epidemiológicos , Humanos , Armazenamento e Recuperação da Informação , Projetos Piloto , Desenvolvimento de ProgramasRESUMO
Thyroid scintigraphy, using 99mTc(V) dimercaptosuccinic acid, was performed in four patients with pathologically confirmed medullary thyroid carcinoma and elevated serum calcitonin values. Significant uptake of the tracer was found in the clinically palpable cervical tumor masses, metastatic sites, and residual tumor. This finding, probably specific for medullary thyroid carcinoma, could be of great use in the diagnosis and the surgical follow-up.
Assuntos
Carcinoma/diagnóstico por imagem , Succímero , Compostos de Sulfidrila , Tecnécio , Neoplasias da Glândula Tireoide/diagnóstico por imagem , Adenocarcinoma/diagnóstico por imagem , Adulto , Calcitonina/sangue , Carcinoma/sangue , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Feminino , Humanos , Linfoma/diagnóstico por imagem , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Cintilografia , Ácido Dimercaptossuccínico Tecnécio Tc 99m , Neoplasias da Glândula Tireoide/sangueRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Age-adjusted liver cancer mortality rates have been increasing for both men and women in Japan since 1970; however, increases in mortality rates in men are much greater than those in women. Hepatitis C virus infections and heavy alcohol consumption are considered to be the major risk factors of liver cancer deaths in Japanese. The purpose of this study is (1) to examine the pattern of liver cancer mortality by gender and birth year to compare those with the pattern of other alcohol-related mortality and (2) to estimate the attributable risk per cent of heavy alcohol consumption for liver cancer deaths in Japanese men. METHODS: Age-specific liver cancer mortality rates by gender were compared with those of cirrhosis mortality rates. Then male-to-female mortality rate ratios were calculated by birth cohort and compared with cirrhosis mortality rate ratios and oesophageal cancer mortality rate ratios. The attributable risk per cent of alcohol consumption for liver cancer death was calculated, using female liver cancer mortality rates as standard rates. RESULTS: Examination of both gender and birth cohort mortality rates revealed that male-to-female liver cancer mortality rate ratios by birth cohort correspond well with those rate ratios for liver cirrhosis and oesophageal cancer mortality. The attributable risk per cent of alcohol consumption for liver cancer deaths in Japanese men was 70%. CONCLUSION: Alcohol consumption is more important than hepatitis C virus infections as a major cause of liver cancer deaths in Japanese men.
Assuntos
Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/efeitos adversos , Neoplasias Hepáticas/mortalidade , Adulto , Distribuição por Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Estudos de Coortes , Neoplasias Esofágicas/mortalidade , Hepatite C/complicações , Humanos , Japão/epidemiologia , Cirrose Hepática/mortalidade , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Risco , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Higher mortality rates among psychiatric patients compared with the general population have been widely reported. On the other hand, lower cancer mortality for schizophrenics has been occasionally pointed out. Few studies from Japan have investigated mortality among psychiatric patients, and this study is the first large-scale follow-up in this country. METHODS: A total of 4980 patients admitted to a national mental hospital from 1948 through 1982 were followed up until 31 August 1985. The standardized mortality ratios (SMR) were calculated in comparison to the general population, using the person-years method. RESULTS: The SMR for total deaths and those for malignancy were as follows for males/females respectively: 2.55/3.02 and 0.84/1.37 for schizophrenia, 1.76/2.37 and 1.44/2.10 for depression, 2.45/3.04 and 1.18/1.82 for mania, 1.81/1.90 and 0.27/1.07 for neurosis, 5.55/4.33 and 1.85/3.34 for alcohol/drug abuse, and 3.65/3.57 and 1.01/0.72 for organic brain syndrome. CONCLUSIONS: The SMR for total deaths were significantly elevated in schizophrenia, depression, mania, neurosis, alcohol/drug abuse, and organic brain syndrome, respectively. The SMR for malignancy were not elevated nor lowered significantly in any of these disease categories. The SMR for stomach cancer in male schizophrenics was significantly lower (0.27; P < 0.05).
Assuntos
Transtornos Mentais/mortalidade , Neoplasias/mortalidade , Esquizofrenia/mortalidade , Causas de Morte , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Japão/epidemiologia , Masculino , Probabilidade , Neoplasias Gástricas/mortalidadeRESUMO
Researchers are increasingly investigating the drinking behavior and associated consequences among Asian-Americans and Pacific Islanders (APIs) in the United States. Among adolescents, APIs generally have lower rates of alcohol consumption and appear to be at lower risk for alcohol abuse compared with other ethnic groups. Similarly, the rates of drinking and heavy drinking have been found to be lower among API college students than among other ethnic groups. Among adult Asian-Americans, Japanese-Americans have the highest and Chinese-Americans have the lowest lifetime prevalence of drinking and heavy drinking. Southeast Asians (e.g., Vietnamese) living in the United States appear to be at high risk for heavy drinking. Numerous factors help determine the drinking patterns of APIs, including their economic status, educational attainment, and degree of acculturation as well as genetic and environmental factors, such as drinking norms and alcohol availability.
Assuntos
Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/etnologia , Alcoolismo/etnologia , Asiático/etnologia , Havaiano Nativo ou Outro Ilhéu do Pacífico/etnologia , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/economia , Alcoolismo/economia , HumanosRESUMO
Glycerol, an osmotic diuretic, has been used for the diagnosis and treatment of endolymphatic hydrops. Hearing improvements in hydropic ears are attributed to its dehydrating effect. In addition to this effect, glycerol also increases cochlear blood flow. Urografin, another hyperosmotic agent used for vasography, is similarly known to increase local blood flow. The present study compared these two hyperosmotic agents, glycerol and Urografin, in their effects on cochlear blood flow and serum osmolarity. Laser Doppler flowmetry on the lateral wall of the cochlea revealed that the increase in cochlear blood flow with a 30-min infusion (0.025 ml/min) of 76% Urografin continued for a longer time than with a 30-min infusion (0.025 ml/min) of 50% (v/v) glycerol. The significant increases appeared at 20 and 30 min after the infusion with the former; 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 min after the infusion with the latter. Intravenous infusion of these agents also caused elevation in serum osmolarity. This elevation was appreciably greater with Urografin infusion (maximal increase: about 30 mOsm on average) than with glycerol infusion (maximal increase: about 6 mOsm on average), and the former elevation appeared to be longer lasting than the latter. These differences were ascribed to differences between glycerol and Urografin with respect to the creation of an osmotic gradient across the capillary walls of cochlear blood vessels. Since glycerol penetrates the interstitial space and moves into inner ear fluids, the gradient may decline faster. It would be assumed that a higher concentration of the hyperosmotic agent in the capillary blood causes more vasodilatation and lowering of blood viscosity. Alternatively, direct action of these agents on the vascular wall may affect some biological processes, leading to vasodilatation in different degrees and durations with different agents. Hearing improvement with glycerol administration in hydropic ears was also discussed from the perspective of cochlear blood flow.
Assuntos
Cóclea/efeitos dos fármacos , Diatrizoato de Meglumina/farmacologia , Diuréticos Osmóticos/farmacologia , Glicerol/farmacologia , Animais , Permeabilidade Capilar/efeitos dos fármacos , Cóclea/irrigação sanguínea , Diatrizoato de Meglumina/administração & dosagem , Diatrizoato de Meglumina/farmacocinética , Diuréticos Osmóticos/farmacocinética , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Glicerol/administração & dosagem , Glicerol/farmacocinética , Cobaias , Infusões Intravenosas , Fluxometria por Laser-Doppler , Concentração Osmolar , Fluxo Sanguíneo Regional/efeitos dos fármacos , Fatores de Tempo , Vasodilatação/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE/METHODS: The origin and clinical implications of spontaneous otoacoustic emissions (SOAEs) have not been well revealed. To investigate the relationship between the ear with endolymphatic hydrops and SOAE, SOAEs were measured in 31 patients with unilateral endolymphatic hydrops and 10 volunteers with normal hearing levels that had less than 25 dB hearing level (HL) on average for five frequencies (0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 kHz). RESULTS: SOAEs were detected in 18 (58%) of the 31 ears with hydrops. In 15 hydropic ears in which the hearing levels were less than 25 dB HL on average, SOAEs were observed in 11 (73%). The results of examining the relationship between changes in hearing level after administering the glycerol test and SOAE frequency showed that four (50%) of eight hydropic ears had SOAEs that were detectable between the frequency in which hearing level improved more than 5 dB and the frequency with no hearing level change in the audiogram. In 28 contralateral ears, except for three cases of delayed endolymphatic hydrops, SOAEs were detected in 17 (61%). In 14 contralateral ears in which the hearing levels were less than 25 dB HL on average for the five frequencies noted above, SOAEs were observed in nine ears (64%). In 20 normal ears, SOAEs were detected in eight (40%). Prevalence of SOAEs in hydropic ears and contralateral ears of the patients with unilateral hydrops tended to be greater than that in normal ears; however, there was no significant statistical difference between them. CONCLUSION: The present results suggest that it is not possible to mention the characteristics of SOAE in the hydropic ear only in terms of the prevalence of SOAEs. SOAEs may occur in a specific portion of the basilar membrane corresponding to the frequency in which hearing levels improve after the glycerol test, in some cases with endolymphatic hydrops.
Assuntos
Hidropisia Endolinfática/fisiopatologia , Emissões Otoacústicas Espontâneas/fisiologia , Adulto , Idoso , Audiometria de Resposta Evocada , Audiometria de Tons Puros , Membrana Basal/fisiopatologia , Distribuição de Qui-Quadrado , Hidropisia Endolinfática/diagnóstico , Feminino , Glicerol , Audição/fisiologia , Humanos , Masculino , Doença de Meniere/diagnóstico , Doença de Meniere/fisiopatologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Processamento de Sinais Assistido por ComputadorRESUMO
Olfactory neuroblastoma is an uncommon malignant tumor arising from the nasal cavity. During the past 18 years from 1964 to 1982, only 24 cases have been in Japanese literature, including this case. The average age of these patients is 42.3 years, ranging from 4 to 75 years old. The sex ratio of male to female is 10:14, female being prevalent moderately. The peak distribution is from 30 to 40 years old. The majority of the patients died of distant metastasis within 2 years of diagnosis. Therefore, the overall prognosis in Japan is very poor, as compared with about a 50% 5 year survival rate in the western countries. This is probably because this tumor is difficult to diagnose correctly, and the chance to start treatment early is apt to be missed here, though some tumors behaved very aggressively from the beginning, metastasizing early.
Assuntos
Tumores Neuroectodérmicos Primitivos Periféricos/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Nasais/diagnóstico , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Cavidade Nasal , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia , Tumores Neuroectodérmicos Primitivos Periféricos/patologia , Neoplasias Nasais/patologia , Neoplasias Nasais/cirurgiaRESUMO
After the oral administration of 50% glycerol (12 mL/kg), serum, CSF and inner ear fluids from scala tympani perilymph, scala vestibuli perilymph, and scala media endolymph were collected from normal guinea pigs under sodium pentobarbital anesthesia (25-35 mg/kg). The sodium and potassium concentrations were determined by microflame photometry. Increases in sodium concentrations were found in CSF, scala tympani perilymph, scala vestibuli perilymph, and cochlear endolymph. No significant change was observed in the serum. These sodium increases were considered to be due to the dehydration caused by the osmotic action of glycerol. Potassium concentration was increased only in scala tympani perilymph. Oral administration of glycerol was found to be more gradual and effective in dehydration compared to intravenous injection.
Assuntos
Glicerol/farmacologia , Líquidos Labirínticos/efeitos dos fármacos , Administração Oral , Animais , Líquido Cefalorraquidiano/efeitos dos fármacos , Líquido Cefalorraquidiano/metabolismo , Cóclea/metabolismo , Glicerol/administração & dosagem , Cobaias , Líquidos Labirínticos/metabolismo , Potássio/metabolismo , Sódio/metabolismo , Fatores de Tempo , Equilíbrio Hidroeletrolítico/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
To study the relationship between endocochlear DC potential (EP) and cochlear blood flow (CoBF) under hypoxic conditions, we recorded the EP and CoBF from the basal turn of the cochlea in 21 guinea pigs. Hypoventilation for 10 minutes was induced by reducing the respiratory rate and volume. During hypoventilation, the EP declined in most of the cases to an intermediate level of the positive range in a few minutes. At the midpoint of the 10-minute hypoventilation, angiotensin II (5 microg/kg or 1 mL/kg) was infused for 60 seconds to raise the systemic blood pressure. In this experimental manipulation of systemic blood pressure, the CoBF and EP generally rose transiently. We determined the sensitivity of the EP to a CoBF change (delta) by calculating the deltaEP/deltaCoBF. More specifically, we analyzed the relationship between the deltaEP/deltaCoBF and the EPi (EP level just before angiotensin II infusion). The deltaEP was equal to the maximum EP level after angiotensin II infusion minus the EPi. The deltaCoBF was equal to the maximum CoBF value after angiotensin II infusion minus the CoBF value just before infusion. The deltaEP/deltaCoBF increased most in the range near 70% of the EPi. That is, the deltaEP/deltaCoBF was greater and the EPi was lower in the range above 70% of the EPi. To elucidate this linear correlation in the range above 70% of the EPi, we must consider several factors. In the supplementary experiments for blood gas analysis using 11 guinea pigs, most of the data of the EPi in the range above 70% were found to be obtained under conditions of a PaO2 of more than 12 mm Hg. As to the sensitivity increase of the EP to the deltaCoBF above mentioned, we propose that among several factors in the stria vascularis during hypoxemia, the activation of glycolysis in aerobic metabolism may be involved. As another possible factor, we postulate the increase in the reactive rate of the enzymatic activities that are linked with EP production and respond to the elevated cyclic adenosine monophosphate activity induced by the sympathicotonic state due to hypercapnia.
Assuntos
Cóclea/irrigação sanguínea , Potenciais Microfônicos da Cóclea/fisiologia , Isquemia/fisiopatologia , Consumo de Oxigênio/fisiologia , Angiotensina II/fisiologia , Animais , Dióxido de Carbono/sangue , Glicólise/fisiologia , Cobaias , Potenciais da Membrana/fisiologia , Oxigênio/sangue , Fluxo Sanguíneo Regional/fisiologia , Estria Vascular/fisiologiaRESUMO
Blood flow was measured in the common carotid artery (CCA) and the vertebral artery (VA) by the ultrasonic Doppler method in 14 male patients with sudden deafness and 70 normal adults. In the patients, blood flow on the affected side was slower than that on the normal side or that of the control group. Although these differences were not statistically significant in the CCA or in the VA, significant differences in the blood flow were noted between the group with a hearing loss of greater than 50 dB and the group with a loss of less than 50 dB. A negative correlation was found between blood viscosity and blood flow in both CCAs and both VAs. After stellate ganglion block (SGB), the blood flow of the CCA and VA increased on the side of the SGB and decreased on the opposite side. The changes in blood flow after SGB decreased with age, presumably because of changes in the blood vessel walls and a weaker response to sympathetic nerve receptors in the arterial wall.
Assuntos
Artéria Carótida Primitiva/diagnóstico por imagem , Perda Auditiva Súbita/fisiopatologia , Artéria Vertebral/diagnóstico por imagem , Adulto , Idoso , Velocidade do Fluxo Sanguíneo , Viscosidade Sanguínea , Artéria Carótida Primitiva/fisiopatologia , Feminino , Perda Auditiva Súbita/diagnóstico por imagem , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Análise de Regressão , Ultrassonografia Doppler em Cores , Artéria Vertebral/fisiopatologiaRESUMO
Under sodium pentrobarbital anesthesia (20-30 mg/kg, i.p.), normal guinea pigs received an intravenous injection of glycerol (1.0 ml/kg). Serum, cerebrospinal fluids (CSF) and inner ear fluids were collected from the scala tympani perilymph, scala vestibuli perilymph and the scala media endolymph. The sodium and potassium concentrations were assessed using microflame photometry. Increases in sodium concentration were found in the CSF and the scala tympani perilymph; no significant changes were observed in the serum, scala vestibuli perilymph or the scala media endolymph. These sodium increases were considered to be a result of the dehydration process caused by the osmotic agent glycerol. Increases in potassium concentration were found only in the scala vestibuli perilymph.
Assuntos
Endolinfa/efeitos dos fármacos , Glicerol/farmacologia , Líquidos Labirínticos/efeitos dos fármacos , Perilinfa/efeitos dos fármacos , Equilíbrio Hidroeletrolítico/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Barreira Hematoencefálica/efeitos dos fármacos , Cóclea/efeitos dos fármacos , Cobaias , Potássio/metabolismo , Rampa do Tímpano/efeitos dos fármacos , Sódio/metabolismo , Aqueduto Vestibular/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Reserpine (2 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg, i.p.), an adrenergic blocker, was administered to normal guinea pigs, and samples of serum, CSF, scala tympani perilymph, scala vestibuli perilymph and cochlear endolymph were collected. The concentrations of Na and K in these fluids were then assessed to observe electrolyte distributions. Both Na and K concentrations were reduced in serum. In CSF, the Na concentration was markedly depressed, while the K concentration remained unchanged. Scala tympani perilymph showed a pattern of electrolyte changes similar to that in CSF. In scala vestibuli perilymph, the Na concentration was unaltered, but the K concentration was lowered. Cochlear endolymph exhibited no change of the Na concentration but there was a marked decrease in the K concentration. These changes are thought to be attributable to the indirect blockage of energy producing systems in membrane transport in the inner ear by the reserpine-induced depletion of catecholamines.
Assuntos
Líquidos Labirínticos/efeitos dos fármacos , Reserpina/farmacologia , Equilíbrio Hidroeletrolítico/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Cóclea/efeitos dos fármacos , Endolinfa/efeitos dos fármacos , Cobaias , Perilinfa/efeitos dos fármacos , Potássio/metabolismo , Rampa do Tímpano/efeitos dos fármacos , Sódio/metabolismoRESUMO
Tongue carcinomas were produced in rats by oral administration of 0.001% 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4NQO) in drinking water, and the biological characteristics and tumor kinetics were correlated. Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) was used to investigate cell kinetics of rat tongue tumors in vivo. BrdU-labeled S-phase cells were demonstrated by an indirect peroxidase method using anti-BrdU monoclonal antibody, and their percentage, the labeling index (L.I.), was determined. The average BrdU L.I. in normal tongue epithelium, well differentiated and moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma was 5.7 +/- 1.1, 8.8 +/- 3.7 and 14.9 +/- 5.4, respectively. The differences among the three groups are significant. These results indicate that the BrdU L.I. correlates well with the degree of differentiation of tongue epithelium. Furthermore, the distribution patterns of BrdU-labeled cells in the tissue sections of each group were different. If these cell kinetics studies using BrdU are applied to human tongue carcinomas, the data may provide information on the biological characteristics and help in establishing the diagnosis and in choosing treatment regimens.
Assuntos
Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patologia , Neoplasias da Língua/patologia , 4-Nitroquinolina-1-Óxido , Animais , Bromodesoxiuridina/imunologia , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/induzido quimicamente , Ciclo Celular , Imuno-Histoquímica , Masculino , Ratos , Ratos Endogâmicos , Neoplasias da Língua/induzido quimicamenteRESUMO
We examined the influence of hypotension by infusion of acebutolol hydrochloride (AH), a cardioselective beta-receptor antagonist, on cochlear blood flow in guinea pigs with various hematocrit values. AH infusion lowered the mean blood pressure to almost the same degree in all animals, regardless of the hematocrit level. The degree of the concomitant decrease of CBF varied with the hematocrit, being greater in animals with a higher hematocrit. In those with the highest hematocrit CBF did not return to the initial level. From these values we calculated the O2 transport capacity after AH infusion and found it to be lower than in animals without AH infusion. The difference was greater at higher hematocrits. These findings suggest that the microcirculation of the inner ear is responsive to transient decreases of perfusion pressure at high hematocrits.
Assuntos
Cóclea/irrigação sanguínea , Hipotensão/complicações , Acebutolol/efeitos adversos , Acebutolol/farmacologia , Animais , Anti-Hipertensivos/farmacologia , Cóclea/efeitos dos fármacos , Cobaias , Hematócrito , Hipotensão/induzido quimicamenteRESUMO
To understand the characteristics of oxygen transport to the inner ear, the relationship between arterial O2 saturation and cochlear microcirculation was investigated under different respiratory condition in guinea pigs. To monitor arterial O2 saturation a pulse oxymeter instead of an arterial blood gas analyzer was used. When the arterial O2 saturation was measured in the foot pad by a pulse oxymeter under different respiratory conditions, the data showed a close correlation with the results of blood gas analysis. For the measurement of cochlear microcirculation, a pulse oxymeter was found to be a feasible respiratory monitor for animal experiments. With this apparatus our study demonstrated a slower reaction in the decrease of perilymphatic oxygen tension than of cochlear blood flow during stepwise induction of hypoventilation monitored by a pulse oxymeter. Under certain conditions of hyperventilation in which arterial O2 saturation and perilymphatic oxygen tension increased gradually, cochlear blood flow was found to decrease. This decrease of cochlear blood flow could be attributed to chemical controls which are regulated, as in the cerebral blood circulation, by the content of CO2 and H+ in the vascular bed in the cochlea.