Estimation of seroprevalence of HIV, hepatitis B and C virus and syphilis among blood donors in the hospital of Aïoun, Mauritania.

INTRODUCTION: To estimating the seroprevalence of HIV, hepatitis B, hepatitis C and syphilis among blood donors in the Aïoun hospital. METHODS: This is a retrospective study from 1 January 2010 to 31 December 2015. RESULTS: On the five-year study period, 1,123 donors were collected. Of these, 182 were HIV-positive, an overall prevalence of 16.2% with predominance in male with a sex ratio Man/Woman of 5.2. The average age of donors was 32.7 ± 10 years (range 17-73 years). The most represented that age group 21-30 years (40.5%). The seroprevalence found were 1.2% for HIV, 11.8% for HBV, HCV 0.2% and 3% for syphilis. Co-infection was found in 0.7% of which 0.5% of dual HIV HBV/Syphilis and 0.2% in HBV/HIV. CONCLUSION: The transmission of infectious agents related to transfusion represents the greatest threat to transfusion safety of the recipient. Therefore, a rigorous selection and screening of blood donors are highly recommended to ensure blood safety for the recipient.

[Tetanus associated with medical treatments: about a case]. / Tétanos associé aux soins: à propos d'un cas.

Tetanus prophylaxis in routine wound management is a major strategy for tetanus prevention in health care settings. Failed wound management interventions leave patient dangerously exposed to this disease. We report the case of a patient with tetanus occurred after medical treatment for head injury performed in a healthcare facility without appropriate tetanus prophylaxis. This study aims to remind clinicians of the importance of prophylaxis in previously unvaccinated wounded patients or with a doubtful immune status. A 52-year-old patient who had not previously been vaccinated against tetanus was admitted to Yalgado Ouédraogo University Hospital CHU/YO with cervical pain, dysphagia, difficulty walking and opening the mouth. The patient had a personal history of deep wound on his forehead sutured without previous anti-tetanus prophylaxis approximately three weeks before. Physical examination on admission showed loose lockjaw, abdominal spasm, dysphagia, a body temperature of 36,5 °C and a scar on his forehead measuring about 7 cm. The diagnosis of generalized tetanus (stage II) infection occurring after forehead wound was retained. Treatment outcome was favorable and the patient was dismissed on September 18, 2015. The prevention of tetanus associated with an appropriate treatment requires rigorous application of aseptic techniques, systematization of antitetanus serum therapy in the management of previously unvaccinated patients or with a doubtful immune status presenting with a deep wound.

[Hemorrhagic form of dengue fever observed at the Infectious Diseases Department CHU Yalgado Ouédraogo, Burkina Faso]. / Formes hémorragiques de Dengue observées dans le service des maladies infectieuses du CHU Yalgado Ouédraogo, Burkina Faso.

Dengue is a re-emerging arboviral disease in tropical countries. Haemorrhagic form may be associated with circulatory failure and produce hypovolemic shock, which is often fatal. We report a series of three cases of hemorrhagic dengue observed at the Infectious Diseases Department CHU Yalgado Ouédraogo, Ouagadougou, in order to describe its epidemiological, clinical, and evolutive characteristics. Our study included young females who had an onset age of between 35 years and 45 years, residing in the city of Ouagadougou. Despite multiple concentrated platelets transfusions and symptomatic treatment, we mourned a death. The development of antivirals and of new vaccines is a silver lining to prevent dengue lethality.