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1.
Int J Mol Sci ; 24(9)2023 Apr 28.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37175717

RESUMO

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the most common leukemia among adults worldwide. Although genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have uncovered the germline genetic component underlying CLL susceptibility, the potential use of GWAS-identified risk variants to predict disease progression and patient survival remains unexplored. Here, we evaluated whether 41 GWAS-identified risk variants for CLL could influence overall survival (OS) and disease progression, defined as time to first treatment (TTFT) in a cohort of 1039 CLL cases ascertained through the CRuCIAL consortium. Although this is the largest study assessing the effect of GWAS-identified susceptibility variants for CLL on OS, we only found a weak association of ten single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with OS (p < 0.05) that did not remain significant after correction for multiple testing. In line with these results, polygenic risk scores (PRSs) built with these SNPs in the CRuCIAL cohort showed a modest association with OS and a low capacity to predict patient survival, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of 0.57. Similarly, seven SNPs were associated with TTFT (p < 0.05); however, these did not reach the multiple testing significance threshold, and the meta-analysis with previous published data did not confirm any of the associations. As expected, PRSs built with these SNPs showed reduced accuracy in prediction of disease progression (AUROC = 0.62). These results suggest that susceptibility variants for CLL do not impact overall survival and disease progression in CLL patients.


Assuntos
Leucemia Linfocítica Crônica de Células B , Adulto , Humanos , Leucemia Linfocítica Crônica de Células B/genética , Estudo de Associação Genômica Ampla , Fatores de Risco , Progressão da Doença , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único
2.
Molecules ; 27(5)2022 Mar 07.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35268847

RESUMO

A three-step synthetic route giving access to nonsymmetrical bisazolyl 2,4,6-trisubstituted pyridines with different substituents on the pyrazole, indazole, and pyridine heterocycles is described. From the readily available 4-bromo-2,6-difluoropyridine, both fluorine atoms allow for easy selective stepwise substitution, and the bromine atom provides easy access to additional functionalities through both Suzuki and Sonogashira Pd(0) cross-coupling reactions. These synthons represent optimal structures as building blocks in complexation and metalloorganic structures for the tuning of their chelating and photophysical properties.

3.
Dev Biol ; 454(2): 145-155, 2019 10 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31251896

RESUMO

The specification and morphogenesis of an organ requires the coordinate deployment and integration of regulatory information, including sex specific information when the organ is sex specific. Only a few gene networks controlling size and pattern development have been deciphered, which limits the emergence of principles, general or not, underlying the organ-specifying gene networks. Here we elucidate the genetic and molecular network determining the control of size in the Drosophila abdominal A9 primordium, contributing to the female genitalia. This network requires axial regulatory information provided by the Hox protein Abdominal-BR (Abd-BR), the Hox cofactors Extradenticle (Exd) and Homothorax (Hth), and the sex specific transcription factor Doublesex Female (DsxF). These factors synergize to control size in the female A9 by the coordinate regulation of the Decapentaplegic (Dpp) growth pathway. Molecular dissection of the dpp regulatory region and in vivo protein interaction experiments suggest that Abd-BR, Exd, Hth and DsxF coordinately regulate a short dpp enhancer to repress dpp expression and restrict female A9 size. The same regulators can also suppress dpp expression in the A8, but this requires the absence of the Abd-BM isoform, which specifies A8. These results delineate the network controlling female A9 growth in Drosophila.


Assuntos
Proteínas de Drosophila/genética , Proteínas de Drosophila/metabolismo , Genitália Feminina/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Animais , Proteínas de Ligação a DNA/metabolismo , Drosophila/genética , Drosophila/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Desenvolvimento Embrionário/genética , Feminino , Regulação da Expressão Gênica no Desenvolvimento/genética , Genes Homeobox/genética , Genes de Insetos/genética , Proteínas de Homeodomínio/metabolismo , Morfogênese/genética , Proteínas Nucleares/metabolismo , Sequências Reguladoras de Ácido Nucleico/genética , Fatores de Transcrição/metabolismo
4.
Histopathology ; 77(1): 112-122, 2020 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32145092

RESUMO

AIMS: To present four examples of clonally related Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated large-cell transformation of marginal zone lymphoma (MZL) (of nodal, extranodal and splenic types), occurring 120, 11 and 5 months after the initial diagnosis in three instances, and concurrently in one case; and to discuss several interesting features of EBV infection. METHODS AND RESULTS: Somatic mutations were detected by use of a customised panel for next-generation sequencing and polymerase chain reaction studies of IgH in both low-grade and high-grade components of each case. In case 1, the initial biopsy of nodal MZL showed scattered EBV-positive cells, which might constitute an indication of EBV-induced progression. Case 2 showed heterogeneous EBV expression, a phenomenon attributable to loss of the EBV episomes during cell division, or to a secondary superinfection or reactivation of the virus. In case 3, p53 overexpression related to gene mutation and EBV-encoded small RNAs were identified in the same neoplastic component. In case 4, the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue-type MZL and the high-grade component were identified concurrently in a patient previously treated with methotrexate for an autoimmune disorder. CONCLUSION: These data suggest that the presence of EBV should be added to the list of potential markers to be analysed for MZL prognosis.


Assuntos
Transformação Celular Neoplásica/patologia , Infecções por Vírus Epstein-Barr/complicações , Linfoma de Zona Marginal Tipo Células B/patologia , Linfoma Difuso de Grandes Células B/patologia , Linfoma Difuso de Grandes Células B/virologia , Idoso , Feminino , Herpesvirus Humano 4 , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade
5.
Development ; 143(11): 1948-57, 2016 06 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27068109

RESUMO

Zinc is a component of one-tenth of all human proteins. Its cellular concentration is tightly regulated because its dyshomeostasis has catastrophic health consequences. Two families of zinc transporters control zinc homeostasis in organisms, but there is little information about their specific developmental roles. We show that the ZIP transporter Fear-of-intimacy (Foi) is necessary for the formation of Drosophila muscles. In foi mutants, myoblasts segregate normally, but their specification is affected, leading to the formation of a misshapen muscle pattern and distorted midgut. The observed phenotypes could be ascribed to the inactivation of specific zinc-finger transcription factors (ZFTFs), supporting the hypothesis that they are a consequence of intracellular depletion of zinc. Accordingly, foi phenotypes can be rescued by mesodermal expression of other ZIP members with similar subcellular localization. We propose that Foi acts mostly as a transporter to regulate zinc intracellular homeostasis, thereby impacting on the activity of ZFTFs that control specific developmental processes. Our results additionally suggest a possible explanation for the presence of large numbers of zinc transporters in organisms based on differences in ion transport specificity and/or degrees of activity among transporters.


Assuntos
Proteínas de Drosophila/metabolismo , Drosophila melanogaster/metabolismo , Proteínas de Membrana/metabolismo , Desenvolvimento Muscular , Fatores de Transcrição/metabolismo , Dedos de Zinco , Zinco/metabolismo , Animais , Transporte Biológico , Fusão Celular , Linhagem da Célula , Drosophila melanogaster/citologia , Drosophila melanogaster/embriologia , Embrião não Mamífero/citologia , Embrião não Mamífero/metabolismo , Trato Gastrointestinal/metabolismo , Mesoderma/embriologia , Mesoderma/metabolismo , Morfogênese , Mutação/genética , Mioblastos/citologia , Mioblastos/metabolismo , Fenótipo
6.
J Neurovirol ; 24(4): 523-525, 2018 08.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29532443

RESUMO

The human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is a RNA retrovirus that infects a minimum of 5-10 million people worldwide. Transmission by cell-containing blood products and solid organ transplantation has been reported. Clinical disease occurs in about 5-10% of infected individuals and consists mainly in adult T cell leukemia and HTLV-1-associated myelopathy (HAM). We present a 54-year-old woman who underwent kidney transplant from cadaveric donor in March 2015. Donor also underwent cornea extraction for another recipient (corneal transplant protocol includes HTLV-1/2 serology). Twenty-four hours after completion of kidney transplant donor, HTLV-1 serology was revealed positive. Following experts' recommendations, once donor seropositivity was demonstrated, antiviral prophylaxis including zidovudine and raltegravir was initially given to our patient, in spite of which the patient developed HAM. Once the diagnosis of HAM was established, antiretroviral therapy was restarted, and intravenous pulses of methylprednisolone were periodically administered with transient initial improvement. Later on, the patient experienced neurological deterioration becoming wheelchair dependent. Since the occurrence of this case, HTLV-1 screening has become mandatory for solid organ transplantation in the Spanish province of Navarra, and the same should happen worldwide.


Assuntos
Transplante de Rim/efeitos adversos , Paraparesia Espástica Tropical/etiologia , Transplantes/virologia , Antivirais , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Paraparesia Espástica Tropical/tratamento farmacológico , Raltegravir Potássico/uso terapêutico , Zidovudina/uso terapêutico
7.
Cytotherapy ; 19(8): 927-936, 2017 08.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28662983

RESUMO

BACKGROUND AIMS: Despite the efficacy of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT), the procedure is still associated with high toxicity in patients with refractory graft-versus-host disease (GvHD). Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are a new mode of therapy in the context of allo-HSCT. The objective of this study was to evaluate the safety and feasibility of the use of adipose tissue-derived MSCs (AT-MSCs) in patients with chronic GvHD. METHODS: Fourteen patients with moderate (n = 7) or severe (n = 7) chronic GvHD received 1 × 106/kg (group A, n = 9) or 3 × 106/kg (group B, n = 5) AT-MSCs with cyclosporine and prednisone as first-line therapy. RESULTS: Ten of the 14 patients were able to continue under the protocol: 80% were in complete remission, and 100% were off of steroids at week 56. The remaining 4 patients either worsened from chronic GvHD (n = 3) or abandoned the study (n = 1). At the end of the study, 11 of 14 patients are alive (overall survival 71.4%, median survival of 45.3 weeks). No suspected unexpected serious adverse reactions occurred during the trial. Neither relapse of underlying disease nor mortality due to infection was observed in this cohort. Biological studies showed increased CD19, CD4 and tumor necrosis factor-α with a temporary decrease in natural killer cells. DISCUSSION: AT-MSCs, in combination with immunosuppressive therapy, may be considered feasible and safe and likely would have an impact on the course of chronic GvHD. More studies are warranted to understand the potential benefits of AT-MSCs in these patients.


Assuntos
Tecido Adiposo/citologia , Doença Enxerto-Hospedeiro/terapia , Transplante de Células-Tronco Mesenquimais/métodos , Adulto , Ciclosporina/uso terapêutico , Feminino , Humanos , Imunossupressores/uso terapêutico , Células Matadoras Naturais , Masculino , Transplante de Células-Tronco Mesenquimais/efeitos adversos , Células-Tronco Mesenquimais , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prednisona/uso terapêutico , Resultado do Tratamento , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/metabolismo
8.
J Pathol ; 239(1): 48-59, 2016 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27071481

RESUMO

Peritoneal adhesions (PAs) are fibrotic bands formed between bowel loops, solid organs, and the parietal peritoneum, which may appear following surgery, infection or endometriosis. They represent an important health problem with no effective treatment. Mesothelial cells (MCs) line the peritoneal cavity and undergo a mesothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (MMT) under pathological conditions, transforming into myofibroblasts, which are abundant in peritoneal fibrotic tissue. The aim of this study was to investigate if peritoneal MCs undergo a MMT contributing to the formation of post-surgical adhesions. Biopsies from patients with PAs were analysed by immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, and quantitative RT-PCR. A mouse model of PAs based on ischaemic buttons was used to modulate MMT by blocking the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-ß) pathway. The severity of adhesions and MMT-related marker expression were studied. We observed myofibroblasts derived from the conversion of MCs in submesothelial areas of patients with PAs. In addition, MMT-related markers were dysregulated in adhesion zones when compared to distant normal peritoneal tissue of the same patient. In animal experiments, blockage of TGF-ß resulted in molecular reprogramming of markers related to the mesenchymal conversion of MCs and in a significant decrease in the severity of the adhesions. These data indicate for the first time that MMT is involved in PA pathogenesis. This finding opens new therapeutic strategies to interfere with adhesion formation by modulating MMT with a wide range of pharmacological agents.


Assuntos
Transição Epitelial-Mesenquimal/fisiologia , Aderências Teciduais/etiologia , Actinas/metabolismo , Adulto , Idoso , Animais , Calbindina 2/metabolismo , Feminino , Fibroblastos/fisiologia , Humanos , Queratinas/metabolismo , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fragmentos de Peptídeos/farmacologia , Peritônio , Receptores de Fatores de Crescimento Transformadores beta , Proteína Smad3/metabolismo , Aderências Teciduais/patologia , Adulto Jovem
9.
Hum Mol Genet ; 23(2): 467-78, 2014 Jan 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24067531

RESUMO

Tumor-derived exosomes are emerging as local and systemic cell-to-cell mediators of oncogenic information through the horizontal transfer of mRNAs, microRNAs and proteins during tumorigenesis. The exosomal content has been described as biologically active when taken up by the recipient cell. Identifying the specific molecular cargo of exosomes will help to determine their function in specific steps of the tumorigenic process. Here we evaluate whether ΔNp73 is selectively packaged in tumor-derived exosomes, its function in the acceptor cells in vitro and in vivo and its prognosis potential in cancer. ΔNp73 messenger is enriched in tumor-derived exosomes, suggesting its active sorting in these microvesicles. We observed the transmission of this exosome cargo to different cell types and how it confers proliferation potential and chemoresistance to the acceptor cells in vitro and in animal models. Finally, our data support the potential prognostic value of exosomal ΔNp73 in colon cancer patients.


Assuntos
Neoplasias Colorretais/metabolismo , Neoplasias Colorretais/patologia , Proteínas de Ligação a DNA/genética , Proteínas de Ligação a DNA/metabolismo , Resistencia a Medicamentos Antineoplásicos , Exossomos/metabolismo , Proteínas Nucleares/genética , Proteínas Nucleares/metabolismo , RNA Mensageiro/genética , Proteínas Supressoras de Tumor/genética , Proteínas Supressoras de Tumor/metabolismo , Animais , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proliferação de Células , Neoplasias Colorretais/genética , Neoplasias Colorretais/mortalidade , Feminino , Células HCT116 , Células Endoteliais da Veia Umbilical Humana , Humanos , Masculino , Camundongos , Prognóstico , RNA Mensageiro/metabolismo , Taxa de Sobrevida , Proteína Tumoral p73
10.
Pituitary ; 19(2): 158-66, 2016 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26586560

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Temozolomide (TMZ) is an oral alkylating agent that has been used over the past 8 years to treat aggressive pituitary tumors resistant to conventional therapy. To date, only 25 patients treated with TMZ for ACTH producing pituitary tumors (14 adenomas and 11 carcinomas) have been reported. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We present a retrospective review of the medical records of three patients with aggressive ACTH producing adenomas treated with TMZ. In the three cases there was evidence of progression to conventional therapy before starting TMZ. We used the conventional scheme for the treatment of gliomas until completing 7, 12 and 6 cycles respectively. Reduction in tumor size was evident after the 3rd, 5th and 4th cycle of TMZ and progression free survival was 25, 19 and more than 12 months in the three patients respectively. Improvement of the ocular and visual symptoms was evident after the 4th cycle of treatment in all cases. Normalization of urinary free cortisol levels was achieved after the 3rd and 9th cycle in the two cases with hypercortisolism. Two of the three patients received a second course of treatment when the disease progressed but it did not stop tumor progression. The principal side effects were G3 neutropenia, G1 and G2 thrombocytopenia, G1 lymphopenia, asthenia and nausea. CONCLUSION: The treatment with TMZ is effective and safe in patients with aggressive corticotrophin tumors resistant to conventional therapy. Nevertheless once the disease progresses, a second course of treatment does not seem to be effective.


Assuntos
Adenoma Hipofisário Secretor de ACT/tratamento farmacológico , Adenoma/tratamento farmacológico , Antineoplásicos Alquilantes/uso terapêutico , Dacarbazina/análogos & derivados , Adenoma Hipofisário Secretor de ACT/patologia , Adenoma Hipofisário Secretor de ACT/urina , Adenoma/patologia , Adenoma/urina , Adulto , Quimioterapia Adjuvante , Dacarbazina/uso terapêutico , Progressão da Doença , Humanos , Hidrocortisona/urina , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Invasividade Neoplásica , Estudos Retrospectivos , Temozolomida , Falha de Tratamento
11.
Ann Pharmacother ; 49(9): 986-94, 2015 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26160968

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Transplantation-associated thrombotic microangiopathy (TA-TMA) is a rare complication of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Because sirolimus (SIR) and calcineurin inhibitor-either cyclosporine (CsA) or tacrolimus-have become more common as graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis, we are witnessing a higher frequency of this complication. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the incidence, timing, and management of TA-TMA in patients who received the combination of CsA and SIR as therapy for uncontrolled GVHD in one single center. METHODS: This was a retrospective analysis from February 2002 to June 2014 of the combination of SIR and CsA as salvage therapy in 61 patients with treatment-refractory or relapsed acute GVHD (n = 24) or chronic GVHD (n = 37) in a tertiary hospital. RESULTS: A total of 61 patients received CsA and SIR as salvage therapy for acute (n = 16), late acute (n = 8), overlap syndrome (n = 22), or classic chronic (n = 15) GVHD. We identified 13 patients with TA-TMA (21.3%), and the status of GVHD was active in 11 of 13 patients. Only 1 patient showed high CsA levels, and 6 of 13 patients had very high concentrations of SIR in blood. We used an enzyme inducer in 6 patients, which proved effective in 3. Overall survival for TA-TMA patients was inferior compared to that for non TA-TMA patients at 12 months (42.9% vs 51.9%) and 24 months (34.3% vs 49.1%), although this difference was not significant. CONCLUSION: Prompt identification and good management of TA-TMA, with better control of GVHD, may contribute to a decrease in patient mortality that would result from this complication.


Assuntos
Inibidores de Calcineurina/uso terapêutico , Ciclosporina/uso terapêutico , Doença Enxerto-Hospedeiro/tratamento farmacológico , Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas/efeitos adversos , Imunossupressores/uso terapêutico , Terapia de Salvação , Sirolimo/uso terapêutico , Microangiopatias Trombóticas/tratamento farmacológico , Doença Aguda , Adulto , Doença Crônica , Feminino , Doença Enxerto-Hospedeiro/mortalidade , Humanos , Incidência , Masculino , Recidiva , Estudos Retrospectivos , Microangiopatias Trombóticas/etiologia , Microangiopatias Trombóticas/mortalidade
12.
PLoS Genet ; 8(8): e1002874, 2012.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22912593

RESUMO

The formation or suppression of particular structures is a major change occurring in development and evolution. One example of such change is the absence of the seventh abdominal segment (A7) in Drosophila males. We show here that there is a down-regulation of EGFR activity and fewer histoblasts in the male A7 in early pupae. If this activity is elevated, cell number increases and a small segment develops in the adult. At later pupal stages, the remaining precursors of the A7 are extruded under the epithelium. This extrusion requires the up-regulation of the HLH protein Extramacrochetae and correlates with high levels of spaghetti-squash, the gene encoding the regulatory light chain of the non-muscle myosin II. The Hox gene Abdominal-B controls both the down-regulation of spitz, a ligand of the EGFR pathway, and the up-regulation of extramacrochetae, and also regulates the transcription of the sex-determining gene doublesex. The male Doublesex protein, in turn, controls extramacrochetae and spaghetti-squash expression. In females, the EGFR pathway is also down-regulated in the A7 but extramacrochetae and spaghetti-squash are not up-regulated and extrusion of precursor cells is almost absent. Our results show the complex orchestration of cellular and genetic events that lead to this important sexually dimorphic character change.


Assuntos
Fatores de Transcrição Hélice-Alça-Hélice Básicos/genética , Proteínas de Drosophila/genética , Drosophila melanogaster/genética , Receptores ErbB/genética , Regulação da Expressão Gênica no Desenvolvimento/genética , Morfogênese/genética , Pupa/genética , Receptores de Peptídeos de Invertebrados/genética , Proteínas Repressoras/genética , Animais , Fatores de Transcrição Hélice-Alça-Hélice Básicos/metabolismo , Evolução Biológica , Proteínas de Ligação a DNA/genética , Proteínas de Ligação a DNA/metabolismo , Proteínas de Drosophila/metabolismo , Drosophila melanogaster/metabolismo , Fator de Crescimento Epidérmico/genética , Fator de Crescimento Epidérmico/metabolismo , Receptores ErbB/metabolismo , Feminino , Proteínas de Homeodomínio/genética , Proteínas de Homeodomínio/metabolismo , Masculino , Proteínas de Membrana/genética , Proteínas de Membrana/metabolismo , Miosina Tipo II/genética , Miosina Tipo II/metabolismo , Pupa/metabolismo , Receptores de Peptídeos de Invertebrados/metabolismo , Proteínas Repressoras/metabolismo , Diferenciação Sexual , Fatores Sexuais , Transdução de Sinais/genética
13.
Am J Physiol Renal Physiol ; 307(1): F75-85, 2014 Jul 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24872318

RESUMO

TNF-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK) is an inflammatory cytokine that activates the FGF-inducible 14 receptor. Both TWEAK and the FGF-inducible 14 receptor are constitutively expressed in the kidney. TWEAK has been shown to modulate several biological responses, such as inflammation, proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis, that contribute to kidney injury. However, the role of TWEAK in fibrosis and TWEAK-activated intracellular signaling pathways remain poorly understood. We tested the hypothesis that TWEAK can be a potent inducer of renal fibrosis by increasing transforming growth factor (TGF)-ß1 expression (a well-known switch in the fibrosis process) through PKG-I downregulation. We showed that in human mesangial cells, TWEAK increased TGF-ß1 expression and activity, leading to higher levels of the extracellular matrix protein fibronectin and decreased PKG-I expression and activity via the Ras pathway. PKG-I activation with 8-bromo-cGMP, Ras inactivation with dominant negative Ras, or Ras pathway inhibition with the ERK1/2 inhibitor PD-98059 resulted in the prevention of TWEAK-induced TGF-ß1 upregulation. In vivo, exogenous administration of TWEAK to wild-type mice downregulated kidney PKG-I and increased kidney TGF-ß1 expression. These effects were blunted in H-Ras knockout mice. Together, these data demonstrate, for the first time, the key role of PKG-I in TGF-ß1 induction by TWEAK in kidney cells.


Assuntos
Injúria Renal Aguda/metabolismo , Apoptose/fisiologia , Proteína Quinase Dependente de GMP Cíclico Tipo I/metabolismo , Proteína Quinase 1 Ativada por Mitógeno/metabolismo , Fatores de Necrose Tumoral/metabolismo , Animais , Células Cultivadas , Citocina TWEAK , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Progressão da Doença , Fibrose/metabolismo , Flavonoides/farmacologia , Genes ras/genética , Rim/metabolismo , Células Mesangiais/metabolismo , Camundongos , Camundongos Knockout , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/farmacologia , Transdução de Sinais/genética , Transdução de Sinais/fisiologia
14.
PLoS Genet ; 7(7): e1002186, 2011 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21811416

RESUMO

A central issue of myogenesis is the acquisition of identity by individual muscles. In Drosophila, at the time muscle progenitors are singled out, they already express unique combinations of muscle identity genes. This muscle code results from the integration of positional and temporal signalling inputs. Here we identify, by means of loss-of-function and ectopic expression approaches, the Iroquois Complex homeobox genes araucan and caupolican as novel muscle identity genes that confer lateral transverse muscle identity. The acquisition of this fate requires that Araucan/Caupolican repress other muscle identity genes such as slouch and vestigial. In addition, we show that Caupolican-dependent slouch expression depends on the activation state of the Ras/Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase cascade. This provides a comprehensive insight into the way Iroquois genes integrate in muscle progenitors, signalling inputs that modulate gene expression and protein activity.


Assuntos
Proteínas de Drosophila/genética , Drosophila melanogaster/genética , Proteínas de Homeodomínio/genética , Músculos/metabolismo , Fatores de Transcrição/genética , Animais , Animais Geneticamente Modificados , Sequência de Bases , Linhagem Celular , Proteínas de Drosophila/metabolismo , Drosophila melanogaster/citologia , Drosophila melanogaster/embriologia , Embrião não Mamífero/embriologia , Embrião não Mamífero/metabolismo , Regulação da Expressão Gênica no Desenvolvimento , Proteínas de Homeodomínio/metabolismo , Hibridização In Situ , Microscopia Confocal , Proteínas Quinases Ativadas por Mitógeno/metabolismo , Desenvolvimento Muscular/genética , Músculos/embriologia , Proteínas Nucleares/genética , Proteínas Nucleares/metabolismo , Homologia de Sequência do Ácido Nucleico , Transdução de Sinais/genética , Fatores de Transcrição/metabolismo , Proteínas ras/metabolismo
15.
Virchows Arch ; 484(4): 677-686, 2024 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38492039

RESUMO

The current study assessed the performance of the fully automated RT-PCR-based Idylla™ GeneFusion Assay, which simultaneously covers the advanced non-small cell lung carcinoma (aNSCLC) actionable ALK, ROS1, RET, and MET exon 14 rearrangements, in a routine clinical setting involving 12 European clinical centers. The Idylla™ GeneFusion Assay detects fusions using fusion-specific as well as expression imbalance detection, the latter enabling detection of uncommon fusions not covered by fusion-specific assays. In total, 326 archival aNSCLC formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples were included of which 44% were resected specimen, 46% tissue biopsies, and 9% cytological specimen. With a total of 179 biomarker-positive cases (i.e., 85 ALK, 33 ROS1, 20 RET fusions and 41 MET exon 14 skipping), this is one of the largest fusion-positive datasets ever tested. The results of the Idylla™ GeneFusion Assay were compared with earlier results of routine reference technologies including fluorescence in situ hybridization, immunohistochemistry, reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction, and next-generation sequencing, establishing a high sensitivity/specificity of 96.1%/99.6% for ALK, 96.7%/99.0% for ROS1, 100%/99.3% for RET fusion, and 92.5%/99.6% for MET exon 14 skipping, and a low failure rate (0.9%). The Idylla™ GeneFusion Assay was found to be a reliable, sensitive, and specific tool for routine detection of ALK, ROS1, RET fusions and MET exon 14 skipping. Given its short turnaround time of about 3 h, it is a time-efficient upfront screening tool in FFPE samples, supporting rapid clinical decision making. Moreover, expression-imbalance-based detection of potentially novel fusions may be easily verified with other routine technologies without delaying treatment initiation.


Assuntos
Quinase do Linfoma Anaplásico , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas , Éxons , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Proteínas de Fusão Oncogênica , Proteínas Tirosina Quinases , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-met , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-ret , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas , Humanos , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/genética , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/patologia , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-ret/genética , Quinase do Linfoma Anaplásico/genética , Neoplasias Pulmonares/genética , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patologia , Proteínas Tirosina Quinases/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-met/genética , Éxons/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas/genética , Proteínas de Fusão Oncogênica/genética , Biomarcadores Tumorais/genética , Biomarcadores Tumorais/análise , Rearranjo Gênico , Hibridização in Situ Fluorescente/métodos , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Multiplex
16.
JTO Clin Res Rep ; 5(4): 100653, 2024 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38525319

RESUMO

Introduction: RET inhibitors with impressive overall response rates are now available for patients with NSCLC, yet the identification of RET fusions remains a difficult challenge. Most guidelines encourage the upfront use of next-generation sequencing (NGS), or alternatively, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) or reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) when NGS is not possible or available. Taken together, the suboptimal performance of single-analyte assays to detect RET fusions, although consistent with the notion of encouraging universal NGS, is currently widening some of the clinical practice gaps in the implementation of predictive biomarkers in patients with advanced NSCLC. Methods: This situation prompted us to evaluate several RET assays in a large multicenter cohort of RET fusion-positive NSCLC (n = 38) to obtain real-world data. In addition to RNA-based NGS (the criterion standard method), all positive specimens underwent break-apart RET FISH with two different assays and were also tested by an RT-PCR assay. Results: The most common RET partners were KIF5B (78.9%), followed by CCDC6 (15.8%). The two RET NGS-positive but FISH-negative samples contained a KIF5B(15)-RET(12) fusion. The three RET fusions not identified with RT-PCR were AKAP13(35)-RET(12), KIF5B(24)-RET(9) and KIF5B(24)-RET(11). All three false-negative RT-PCR cases were FISH-positive, exhibited a typical break-apart pattern, and contained a very high number of positive tumor cells with both FISH assays. Signet ring cells, psammoma bodies, and pleomorphic features were frequently observed (in 34.2%, 39.5%, and 39.5% of tumors, respectively). Conclusions: In-depth knowledge of the advantages and disadvantages of the different RET testing methodologies could help clinical and molecular tumor boards implement and maintain sensible algorithms for the rapid and effective detection of RET fusions in patients with NSCLC. The likelihood of RET false-negative results with both FISH and RT-PCR reinforces the need for upfront NGS in patients with NSCLC.

17.
Int J Surg Pathol ; : 10668969231195026, 2023 Sep 24.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37743598

RESUMO

Epithelioid glioblastoma (E-GBM) is an exceedingly rare subtype of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-wildtype glioblastoma, first included in the WHO 2016 classification and characterized by a dominant population of epithelioid cells. Its histological and molecular defining features remain troublesome. The significance of BRAF mutations to pathological diagnosis and surgical outcome has drawn increasing attention given their promising potential for future adjuvant therapies. Herein, we describe a unique case of an E-GBM in the atrium of the left lateral ventricle and comprehensively analyze the importance of BRAF status in a cohort of 211 E-GBMs from the literature. Our patient was a 40-year-old man with occipital pain. His brain MRI revealed a large intraventricular tumor at the same location as a signal change found 10 years earlier with no additional follow-up. He underwent gross total tumor removal followed by conventional adjuvant treatment. Histopathological diagnosis was consistent with IDH-wildtype E-GBM WHO grade 4 with pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma-like areas. BRAF p.V600 mutation was demonstrated in the tumoral genetic study. In the cohort analyzed, male patients predominated (63%), the median age was 32 years old, and the 5-year survival rate following diagnosis was 4.2%. BRAF mutations were found in 60.3% of the tumors overall, with this rate increasing to 78.3% in young adults (19-49 years, P < .001). Presence of BRAF mutations associated with tumor progression (P = .001), the event usually leading to death (P < .001). In conclusion, our study supports the importance of genetic BRAF p.V600 mutation analysis because its presence not only points to an E-GBM diagnosis but may also promote tumor progression.

18.
Front Cell Infect Microbiol ; 13: 1155867, 2023.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37469597

RESUMO

In Spain, the largest human West Nile virus (WNV) outbreak among humans was reported in 2020, constituting the second most important outbreak in Europe that season. Extremadura (southwestern Spain) was one of the affected areas, reporting six human cases. The first autochthonous human case in Spain was reported in Extremadura in 2004, and no other human cases were reported until 2020. In this work, we describe the first WNV human outbreak registered in Extremadura, focusing on the most important clinical aspects, diagnostic results, and control actions which followed. In 2020, from September to October, human WNV infections were diagnosed using a combination of molecular and serological methods (an in-house specific qRT-PCR and a commercial ELISA for anti-WNV IgM and IgG antibodies) and by analysing serum, urine, and/or cerebrospinal fluid samples. Serological positive serum samples were further tested using commercial kits against related flaviviruses Usutu and Tick-borne encephalitis in order to analyse serological reactivity and to confirm the results by neutralisation assays. In total, six cases of WNV infection (five with neuroinvasive disease and one with fever) were identified. Clinical presentation and laboratory findings are described. No viral RNA was detected in any of the analysed samples, but serological cross-reactivity was detected against the other tested flaviviruses. Molecular and serological methods for WNV detection in various samples as well as differential diagnosis are recommended. The largest number of human cases of WNV infection ever registered in Extremadura, Spain, occurred in 2020 in areas where circulation of WNV and other flaviviruses has been previously reported in humans and animals. Therefore, it is necessary to enhance surveillance not only for the early detection and implementation of response measures for WNV but also for other emerging flaviviruses that could be endemic in this area.


Assuntos
Flavivirus , Febre do Nilo Ocidental , Vírus do Nilo Ocidental , Animais , Humanos , Vírus do Nilo Ocidental/genética , Febre do Nilo Ocidental/diagnóstico , Febre do Nilo Ocidental/epidemiologia , Espanha/epidemiologia , Anticorpos Antivirais
19.
Thromb Haemost ; 122(8): 1415-1428, 2022 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34847588

RESUMO

AIMS: The mechanisms of coronary thrombosis can influence prognosis after ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and allow for different treatment groups to be identified; an association between neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and unfavorable clinical outcomes has been suggested. Our aim was to determine the role played by NETs in coronary thrombosis and their influence on prognosis. The role of other histological features in prognosis and the association between NETs and bacteria in the coronary thrombi were also explored. METHODS AND RESULTS: We studied 406 patients with STEMI in which coronary thrombi were consecutively obtained by aspiration during angioplasty between 2012 and 2018. Analysis of NETs in paraffin-embedded thrombi was based on the colocalization of specific NET components by means of confocal microscopy. Immunohistochemistry stains were used to identify plaque fragments. Fluorescence in situ hybridization was used to detect bacteria.NETs were detected in 51% of the thrombi (NET density, median [interquartile range]: 25% [17-38%]). The median follow-up was 47 months (95% confidence interval [CI] 43-51); 105 (26%) patients experienced major adverse cardiac events (MACE). A significant association was found between the presence of NETs in coronary aspirates and the occurrence of MACE in the first 30 days after infarction (hazard ratio 2.82; 95% CI 1.26-6.35, p = 0.012), mainly due to cardiac deaths and stent thrombosis. CONCLUSION: The presence of NETs in coronary thrombi was associated with a worse prognosis soon after STEMI. In some patients, NETs could be a treatment target and a feasible way to prevent reinfarction.


Assuntos
Trombose Coronária , Armadilhas Extracelulares , Intervenção Coronária Percutânea , Infarto do Miocárdio com Supradesnível do Segmento ST , Trombose Coronária/terapia , Humanos , Hibridização in Situ Fluorescente , Prognóstico , Resultado do Tratamento
20.
Front Oncol ; 12: 953020, 2022.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35936723

RESUMO

Objectives: Induction chemotherapy (ICT) followed by definitive treatment is an accepted non-surgical approach for locoregionally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (LA-HNSCC). However, ICT remains a challenge for cisplatin-unfit patients. We evaluated paclitaxel and cetuximab (P-C) as ICT in a cohort of LA-HNSCC patients unfit for cisplatin. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of patients with newly diagnosed LA-HNSCC considered unfit for cisplatin-based chemotherapy (age >70 and/or ECOG≥2 and/or comorbidities) treated with weekly P-C followed by definitive radiotherapy and cetuximab (RT-C) between 2010 and 2017. Toxicity and objective response rate (ORR) to ICT and RT-C were collected. Median overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Cox regression analysis was performed to determine baseline predictors of OS and PFS. Results: A total of 57 patients were included. Grade 3-4 toxicity rate to ICT was 54.4%, and there was a death deemed treatment-related (G5). P-C achieved an ORR of 66.7%, including 12.3% of complete responses (CR). After P-C, 45 patients (78.9%) continued with concomitant RT-C. Twenty-six patients (45.6%) achieved a CR after definitive treatment. With a median follow-up of 21.7 months (range 1.2-94.6), median OS and PFS were 22.9 months and 10.7 months, respectively. The estimated 2-year OS and PFS rates were 48.9% and 33.7%, respectively. Disease stage had a negative impact on OS (stage IVb vs. III-IVa: HR = 2.55 [1.08-6.04], p = 0.03), with a trend towards worse PFS (HR = 1.92 [0.91-4.05], p = 0.09). Primary tumor in the larynx was associated with improved PFS but not OS (HR = 0.45 [0.22-0.92], p = 0.03, and HR = 0.69 [0.32-1.54], p = 0.37, respectively). Conclusion: P-C was a well-tolerated and active ICT regimen in this cohort of LA-HNSCC patients unfit for cisplatin-based chemotherapy. P-C might represent a valid ICT option for unfit patients and may aid patient selection for definitive treatment.

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