Influence of Team Rating on Running Performance in Elite Gaelic Football.

Mangan, S, Malone, S, Ryan, M, Mc Gahan, J, Warne, J, Martin, D, O'Neill, C, Burns, C, and Collins, K. Influence of team rating on running performance in elite Gaelic football. J Strength Cond Res 32(9): 2584-2591, 2017-It is currently unknown how team rating influences running performance in Gaelic football. Global positioning system technologies were used to quantify match-running performance within 5 elite Gaelic football teams over a period of 5 years (2012-2016). In total 780 player data sets were collected over 95 matches. Running performance variables included total distance, high-speed distance (≥17 km·h), and the percentage of high-speed distance. Team ratings were determined objectively using the Elo rating system for Gaelic football. Reference team rating had trivial effects on total distance (p = 0.011, partial η = 0.008) and high-speed distance (p = 0.011, partial η = 0.008). Opposition team rating had small effects on total distance (p = 0.005, partial η = 0.016) and high-speed distance (p = 0.001, partial η = 0.020). Top-tier teams cover greater total distances and high-speed distance than lower tier teams. Players cover considerably less total distance and high-speed distance against tier-3 and tier-4 teams. Tier-1 players ran a significantly higher percentage of distance at high speed than players who played for tier-2 teams (p = 0.020). The competitive advantage of top-tier Gaelic football teams is closely linked with their ability to demonstrate a higher physical intensity than lower tier teams.

[The covid-19 pandemic and international mobility in Brazil: challenges for the health and social protection of international migrants in times of uncertainty]. / A pandemia de covid-19 e a mobilidade internacional no Brasil: desafios para a saúde e proteção social de migrantes internacionais em tempos de incertezas.

The relationship between health and migration was severely affected during the covid-19 pandemic. This article discusses the literature on health and migration, including the deteriorating levels of social and economic vulnerability of international migrants to Brazil in 2020 and 2021. The analysis was based on a review of articles published in the national and international press addressing the impacts of covid-19 on contemporary processes of human mobility and its consequences for stigmatized populations. The results point to the possibility of understanding the pandemic as a key moment for rethinking nationality and borders.

As relações entre saúde e migrações foram duramente afetadas durante a pandemia de covid-19. O presente artigo discute a produção sobre saúde e migrações e problematiza o agravamento da condição de vulnerabilidade social e econômica dos migrantes internacionais durante 2020 e 2021, no Brasil. A pesquisa vem sendo realizada por meio de revisão da literatura de matérias retiradas da imprensa nacional e internacional e busca abordar os impactos da covid-19 nos processos contemporâneos de mobilidade humana e quais suas consequências para as populações estigmatizadas. Os resultados apontam para a possibilidade de se compreender a pandemia como um momento-chave para repensar nacionalidade e fronteira.

Building Community Health Literacy to Achieve Health Equity: Insights from Ethiopian Tewahedo Social Services Community Leader in a County-Level Health Literacy Initiative.

This perspectives article shares insights from a county-level project in Franklin County, Ohio, to build collective organizational health literacy (HL) capacity across new sustainable networks to advance community-level HL. We provide an overview of the initiative followed by specific insights from a cultural liaison, the article's first author, who works in a community-based organization. He shares his collectivist perspective in building HL capacity at the grassroots level toward community-level goals. A shift in focus from individual responsibility to collective impact represents an important mindset change for attaining HL and builds on community strengths and values toward health equity.

Migration and refuge: necessary topics for Nursing teaching in COVID-19 times.

OBJECTIVES: to present an overview of migratory processes and access to health care for immigrants in Brazil and reflect on the importance of training in Nursing from an interdisciplinary perspective, focused on the care of this population in the context of a pandemic. METHODS: this is a theoretical-reflective study based on the authors' experiences and anchored in the literature. RESULTS: some particularities in the access to health services by migrants and refugees show how the pandemic's advancement and continuity impacted them in different ways. Interdisciplinary research and teaching are essential to study and better understand the health needs of the migrant population in Brazil, especially in the context of a pandemic. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: the training of health professionals, especially in Nursing, must include these people's specificities so that future interventions are more sensitive and closer to their reality.

Therapeutic itineraries of Congolese refugees in the city of São Paulo.

São Paulo, the most populous Brazilian city, has been the main destination for refugees and it is home to the majority of Congolese, who are the second largest nationality to request refuge in Brazil. In the context of these migrations, previous experiences in displacement and in places of welcome can trigger illness and suffering. The purpose of this article was to analyse the therapeutic itineraries of refugees from the Democratic Republic of Congo who reside in the city of São Paulo. The research followed an ethnographic approach and included focus group, ethnographic observation and in-depth interviews with 15 Congolese men in refuge in São Paulo between 2015 and 2016. The difficulties faced in the dignified reconstruction of lives include housing, precarious work and racism. Different systems are actuated in healthcare, treatment in health centres and hospitals regarding acute and chronic physical problems, in addition to self-care, identified in the preparation of teas for gastrointestinal ailments. When confronted by suffering, religious social networks, and those of friends and family are activated, in addition to alcohol consumption. The family is sought when facing financial and, principally, emotional problems. The itineraries include multiple therapeutic systems and a dialectic relationship with free, universal services perceived as inequitable.

[Caregivers of alcohol addicted patients in the city of Santos, SP, Brazil]. / Cuidadoras de pacientes alcoolistas no município de Santos, SP, Brasil.

The objective of this qualitative study is to assess the meaning of alcoholism to alcoholic's patient's caregivers. Fieldwork involved comprehensive ethnographic observation and in depth interviews with ten female caregivers of alcoholic patients undergoing treatment in health mental care in Santos. The study showed that family relationships were unstable and conflicting. It was difficult to recognize addiction. Women accepted addiction as illness when the patient was hospitalized. Addiction to alcohol had been hidden by social value of intake and by unequal gender relationships. There has been a social restraint of the caregivers. Women have assumed the care and were organizers of an unstable and painful everyday life.

Repensar a Saúde Coletiva e o papel das Ciências Sociais e Humanas em Saúde / Rethinking public health and the role of social sciences and humanities in health / Repensar la Salud Colectiva y el papel de las Ciencias Sociales y Humanas en Salud

Este ensaio analisa conflitos e potencialidades das Ciências Sociais e Humanas em Saúde (CSHS) no campo da Saúde Coletiva e os desafios de atuar em uma área interdisciplinar. Inicialmente, apresentamos algumas particularidades das CSHS, dialogando com tensões internas. Em seguida, as metodologias qualitativas e seus usos nas pesquisas em Saúde Coletiva são problematizadas, mantendo um diálogo com as demais áreas. Por fim, apresentamos uma reflexão sobre as perspectivas futuras das CSHS e possíveis caminhos teórico-metodológicos que aprofundariam a transversalidade da área. Repensar as relações entre as áreas provoca uma reflexão sobre uma possível e oportuna reconfiguração da própria Saúde Coletiva. Os desafios nos colocam a necessidade de repensar a noção de CSHS; e de indagar sobre a linguagem que estamos construindo e sobre o que podemos fazer.(AU)

This essay analyzes the conflicts and potential of social sciences and humanities in health (SSHH) in the field of public health and the challenges of acting in an interdisciplinary area. We present some of the particularities of SSHH, dialoguing with internal tensions and then go on to problematize qualitative methodologies and their use in public health research, maintaining a dialogue with the other areas. Finally, we reflect upon the outlook for SSHH and possible theoretical and methodological pathways that would broaden the cross-cutting nature of the area. Rethinking relations between areas prompts reflection on a possible and timely reconfiguration of public health. The challenges give rise to the need to rethink the notion of SSHH, question the language we are constructing, and ask what we can do.(AU)

Este ensayo analiza conflictos y potencialidades de las Ciencia Sociales y Humanas en Salud (CSHS) en el campo de la Salud Colectiva y los desafíos de actuar en un área interdisciplinaria. Inicialmente, presentamos algunas particularidades de las CSHS, dialogando con tensiones internas. A continuación, las metodologías cualitativas y sus usos en las investigaciones de Salud Colectiva se problematizan, manteniendo un diálogo con las demás áreas. Finalmente, presentamos una reflexión sobre las perspectivas futuras de las CSHS y posibles caminos teóricos-metodológicos que profundizarían la transversalidad del área. Repensar las relaciones entre las áreas provoca una reflexión sobre una posible y oportuna reconfiguración de la propia Salud Colectiva. Los desafíos nos plantean la oportunidad de repensar la noción de CSHS, de indagar sobre el lenguaje que estamos construyendo y sobre lo que queremos hacer.(AU)

A pandemia de covid-19 e a mobilidade internacional no Brasil: desafios para a saúde e proteção social de migrantes internacionais em tempos de incertezas / The covid-19 pandemic and international mobility in Brazil: challenges for the health and social protection of international migrants in times of uncertainty

Resumo As relações entre saúde e migrações foram duramente afetadas durante a pandemia de covid-19. O presente artigo discute a produção sobre saúde e migrações e problematiza o agravamento da condição de vulnerabilidade social e econômica dos migrantes internacionais durante 2020 e 2021, no Brasil. A pesquisa vem sendo realizada por meio de revisão da literatura de matérias retiradas da imprensa nacional e internacional e busca abordar os impactos da covid-19 nos processos contemporâneos de mobilidade humana e quais suas consequências para as populações estigmatizadas. Os resultados apontam para a possibilidade de se compreender a pandemia como um momento-chave para repensar nacionalidade e fronteira.

Abstract The relationship between health and migration was severely affected during the covid-19 pandemic. This article discusses the literature on health and migration, including the deteriorating levels of social and economic vulnerability of international migrants to Brazil in 2020 and 2021. The analysis was based on a review of articles published in the national and international press addressing the impacts of covid-19 on contemporary processes of human mobility and its consequences for stigmatized populations. The results point to the possibility of understanding the pandemic as a key moment for rethinking nationality and borders.

Need for information in a representative sample of outpatients with schizophrenia disorders.

BACKGROUND: Providing adequate information and involving patients in treatment have become an essential component of mental health care. Despite this, research regarding the extent to which this need has been met in clinical services is still scarce. AIMS: To investigate the need for information about psychiatric condition and treatment among outpatients with schizophrenia disorders and how this need is associated with service use, adjusting for sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. METHODS: Need for information about condition and treatment, using the corresponding domain in the Camberwell Assessment of Need (CAN), in a representative sample of 401 schizophrenia outpatients in Santos, Brazil was assessed. Hierarchical logistic regression was used to investigate the association of information as a reported need and as an unmet need with service use variables, adjusting for sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. RESULTS: Need for information was reported by 214 (53.4%) patients, being met in 101 (25.2%) and unmet in 113 (28.2%). Hierarchical regression indicated a significant association of a reported need with higher age of onset, family monitoring medication use last year and lower education level, which was only associated with an unmet need. CONCLUSION: Information was a commonly reported need and which was often unmet, showing no significant association with service use. Greater attention should be given by mental health services to information provision.

[Depression among women living in the outskirts of São Paulo, Southeastern Brasil]. / Depressão entre mulheres da periferia de São Paulo.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the meaning of depression in women diagnosed with the disorder, and the context of care given by the psychiatrists who follow them up. METHODS: Qualitative study performed in Embu, outskirt of São Paulo, between August 2002 and January 2003. Etnographic observation and in-depth interview were carried out with 16 women diagnosed with depression in primary care, and four psychiatrists. After exhaustive reading, data were grouped into categories and assessed. The assessment of outcomes was based on the concept of culture. RESULTS: Women interviewed are well aware of the disorder, and accept treatment based on medication. For psychiatrists, depression is a term understood by the common sense. All women interviewed identified the onset of the disease from a past event such as: death of a son, violent episodes connected with drug traffic, unemployment, and partners' aggressiveness. Violence was common in the every day life of the interviewed women both inside and outside their homes. CONCLUSIONS: For these women, depression is a way to express their feelings, such as unhappiness in a context of poverty and violence. Psychiatrists go beyond their clinical functions and play an important role on reorganizing the daily life of these women.

[AIDS in rural Minas Gerais state (Southeastern Brazil): a cultural approach]. / Aids em área rural de Minas Gerais: abordagem cultural.

OBJECTIVE: To describe behaviors facilitating HIV/AIDS exposure in rural population. METHODS: A qualitative study was conducted comprising 52 patients who attended a STD/AIDS outpatient clinic in 2002 and 2003. In-depth open and semi-structured interviews were carried out with subjects (30 males, 22 females) at the clinic or at home in rural municipalities in the northern area of Minas Gerais state, Southeastern Brazil. Interviews were transcribed and analyzed considering categories such as disease, work, social life, prior HIV/AIDS knowledge, and lifestyle. Content analysis was used for result interpretation. RESULTS: Interviewees perceived AIDS as a "big city disease", an "outsider's disease", dissociated from local culture. They were all infected through either heterosexual or homosexual sex. Rural-urban migration is a major factor for HIV infection in the area as people migrate to search for jobs. CONCLUSIONS: Popular beliefs about HIV/AIDS disease contributes to HIV vulnerability of this population. There is a need to apprehend their cultural beliefs to better understand their ways of thinking and to focus on these local beliefs when disseminating HIV/AIDS information.

Is psychiatric reform a strategy for reducing the mental health budget? The case of Brazil.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate trends in the provision of mental health services and financing in Brazil. METHOD: Data from DATASUS (the Brazilian Unified Health Computerized System) with free access in the web were collected regarding the number of beds, the development of new community centers, the number of mental health professionals, and costs involved from 1995 to 2005. RESULTS: In ten years, the number of psychiatric beds decreased 41% (5.4 to 3.2 per 10,000 inhabitants) while community services have increased nine-fold (0.004 to 0.037 per 10,000 inhabitants). Psychologists and social workers have accounted for three and two-fold, respectively, as much hirings as psychiatrists. Psychiatric admissions accounted for 95.5% of the budget in 1995 and 49% in 2005, and the expenses with community services and medication have increased 15% each. As a whole, the expenses in mental health decreased by 26.7% (2.66 to 1.95 US$ per capita). CONCLUSION: There has been a clear switch from hospital to community psychiatric care in Brazil, where the system can now provide a diversity of treatments and free access to psychotropics. However, the coverage of community services is precarious, and the reform was not accompanied by an increased public investment in mental health. The psychiatric reform is not a strategy for reducing costs; it necessarily implies increasing investments if countries decide to have a better care of those more disadvantaged.

Views on depression among patients diagnosed as depressed in a poor town on the outskirts of São Paulo, Brazil.

Depression has important cultural and social components. Interviews with 16 women living in the poor and violent outskirts of São Paulo were analyzed to identify local concepts of depression. The interviews were conducted with women who were diagnosed with depression and patients in treatment at a primary care unit. For these women, depression was inextricably woven into their violent and downtrodden daily lives, as well as with other sources of suffering. The local community identified two types of depression: 'true' and 'false,' suggesting a concept enmeshed with morality.

Percepção de risco de moradoras em áreas sujeitas a escorregamentos de encostas / Risk perception of female residents in areas subject to landslides

Resumo A exposição a riscos naturais pode provocar impactos sobre a saúde. A precariedade das moradias, das condições de vida e a ausência de proteção social tornam a sobrevivência em áreas de risco um problema de saúde pública. Esta pesquisa buscou compreender o lugar que o risco natural ocupa na vida de moradoras de dois bairros mapeados como zonas de alto risco para escorregamentos em São José dos Campos (SP). Foi realizada uma pesquisa qualitativa na qual a pesquisadora, acompanhada por agentes comunitários de saúde, entrevistou 12 moradoras e realizou observações etnográficas de campo. O risco percebido pelas entrevistadas, em seu contexto sociocultural, era de serem removidas de suas casas pelo poder público. Concluiu-se que estudos socioculturais na interface entre saúde coletiva e meio ambiente são fundamentais para redução da exposição de alguns grupos sociais ao risco natural e para a criação de políticas públicas que visem à diminuição das iniquidades.

Abstract Exposure to natural hazards can have an impact on health. The precariousness of housing, living conditions and the lack of social protection, make surviving in risk areas a public health issue. This research sought to understand the place that natural hazards occupy in the lives of female residents of two neighborhoods mapped as areas of very high risk for landslides in São José dos Campos (state of São Paulo). Qualitative research was carried out in which the researcher, accompanied by community health agents, interviewed 12 female residents and made field ethnographic observations. The risk perceived by the interviewees, in their sociocultural context, was of being removed from their homes by the government. In conclusion, sociocultural studies at the interface between collective health and the environment are essential to reduce the exposure of some social groups to natural hazards and to create public policies that seek to reduce inequities.

Migration and refuge: necessary topics for Nursing teaching in COVID-19 times / Migración y refugio: cuestiones necesarias para la enseñanza de la enfermería en tiempos del COVID-19 / Migração e refúgio: temas necessários para o ensino na Enfermagem em tempos de COVID-19

ABSTRACT Objectives: to present an overview of migratory processes and access to health care for immigrants in Brazil and reflect on the importance of training in Nursing from an interdisciplinary perspective, focused on the care of this population in the context of a pandemic. Methods: this is a theoretical-reflective study based on the authors' experiences and anchored in the literature. Results: some particularities in the access to health services by migrants and refugees show how the pandemic's advancement and continuity impacted them in different ways. Interdisciplinary research and teaching are essential to study and better understand the health needs of the migrant population in Brazil, especially in the context of a pandemic. Final Considerations: the training of health professionals, especially in Nursing, must include these people's specificities so that future interventions are more sensitive and closer to their reality.

RESUMEN Objetivos: presentar el panorama de los procesos migratorios junto al acceso a los cuidados de salud de los inmigrantes en Brasil y reflexionar sobre la importancia de la formación en Enfermería dirigida a la atención de esta población desde una perspectiva interdisciplinaria en el contexto de la pandemia. Métodos: se trata de un estudio teórico-reflexivo, pautado en las experiencias de los autores y también basado en la literatura. Resultados: algunas particularidades en el acceso a los servicios de salud de los migrantes y las personas refugiadas evidencian que éstas han sido impactadas de diferentes maneras con el avance y la continuidad de la pandemia. La investigación y la enseñanza con un enfoque interdisciplinario son importantes para estudiar y comprender mejor las necesidades sanitarias de la población migrante en el país, especialmente en el contexto de la pandemia. Consideraciones Finales: la formación de los profesionales sanitarios, especialmente en Enfermería, debe comprender las especificidades de estas personas para que las futuras intervenciones sean más sensibles y cercanas a la realidad que viven.

RESUMO Objetivos: apresentar o panorama dos processos migratórios e de acesso à saúde de imigrante no Brasil e refletir sobre a importância da formação em Enfermagem, numa perspectiva interdisciplinar, voltada ao cuidado dessa população, no contexto de pandemia. Métodos: trata-se de um estudo teórico-reflexivo, pautado nas experiências dos autores e ancorado na literatura. Resultados: algumas particularidades no acesso a serviços de saúde de migrantes e pessoas refugiadas evidenciam como elas têm sido impactadas de diferentes maneiras com o avanço e continuidade da pandemia. A pesquisa e ensino de abordagem interdisciplinar são importantes para estudar e melhor compreender as necessidades de saúde da população migrante no país, especialmente no contexto de pandemia. Considerações Finais: a formação de profissionais de saúde, especialmente em Enfermagem, deve compreender as especificidades destas pessoas para que futuras intervenções sejam mais sensíveis e próximas da realidade que vivem.

Patients' relatives delayed help seeking after a first psychotic episode.

OBJECTIVE: Recent studies show that proper treatment after the first psychotic episode may be delayed for a long time. Some patients remain without care even while exhibiting serious symptoms. The objective of the study was to understand the reasons why patients' relatives waited at least 6 months to look for psychiatric counseling and treatment. METHOD: Qualitative analyses of semi-structured interviews with 15 relatives (of patients with first psychotic episode) who have waited more than six months before seeking psychiatric treatment were applied. The interviews were recorded; transcribed and relevant portions were codified and grouped, forming terms, concepts or categories. RESULTS: These family members referred to individuals with mental problems in other families in a stereotyped fashion, citing negative aspects such as violence and criminality. They used softer terms when referring to their family members. Not knowing that their sick relative to be a case of mental illness, relatives classified certain observed behaviors as coming principally from spiritual problems and drug use. The initial delay in seeking medical help for the sick person was influenced by: 1) stereotyped misconceptions used by relatives to understand mental problems; 2) explanatory models elaborated to try to understand the sick person's behavior; 3) fear of psychiatric treatment; and 4) negative experiences with psychiatric services. CONCLUSIONS: Cultural aspects are present at all levels of this elaboration process. Their proper understanding by physicians can considerably diminish relatives' pain and suffering.

[Health workers' place in studies on international migratory processes and health]. / O lugar dos trabalhadores de saúde nas pesquisas sobre processos migratórios internacionais e saúde.

Studies on the health-disease-healthcare process in immigrants settled in the city of São Paulo, Brazil, have revealed a complex web of relations in the demands by immigrants and the actions conceived and planned by health services. In this context, intermediation by health workers in the relationship between immigrants and researchers has constituted an important form of access by the latter to South American immigrants, especially Bolivians. During research, access to immigrants occurs within the context of health actions, facilitating the researchers' access to immigrants' homes, workplaces, and even associations. Understanding the processes of illness in immigrants within the complex web of relations among institutional health workers in organizational spaces shaped by models of thinking based on biomedicine led us to problematize the possibilities for an approach to subjects that comprise this universe.

Subjective distress in a representative sample of outpatients with psychotic disorders.

BACKGROUND: The affective burden of psychotic disorder has been increasingly recognised. However, subjective reports of distress and its covariates, especially those related to service use, remain under-investigated in patients with psychosis. METHODS: This study investigated subjective distress and its covariates in a representative sample of 401 outpatients with a confirmed diagnosis of psychotic disorders in Brazil. Distress was assessed using the corresponding domain of a standardised measure of need - the Camberwell Assessment of Need. RESULTS: Distress was reported as a need by 165 (41%) patients, being met in 78 (20%) and unmet in 87 (22%). Hierarchical logistic regression showed that the presence of distress as a need was predicted by attendance at psychotherapy (OR=3.49, CI=1.62-7.53), presence of suicidal ideation (OR=2.89, CI=1.75-4.79), non-attendance at psychosocial rehabilitation (OR=2.84, CI=1.31-6.19), and higher psychopathology (OR=1.09, CI=1.06-1.12). An unmet need was predicted by family not accompanying patients to treatment (OR=2.60, CI=1.05-6.44) and higher psychopathology (OR=1.05, CI=1.02-1.09). LIMITATION: The use of a cross-sectional design and a single questionnaire domain to evaluate distress are the main limitations. CONCLUSIONS: Subjective distress is a common unmet need in psychosis, and can be treated. The main clinical implication is that subjective distress in psychosis may be impacted on by family engagement and psychosocial interventions.

The Methodist Hospital CCU: a Beacon unit of excellence.

This article features the Coronary Care Unit of The Methodist Hospital of Houston, Texas. This unit was one of the first Beacon Critical Care Units recognized by the American Association of Critical Care Nurses. This article focuses on how to achieve this award. The Coronary Care Unit nursing infrastructure is described, and specific unit examples are included.

[Evaluation of scientific production in different subareas of Public Health: limits of the current model and contributions to the debate]. / A avaliação da produção científica nas subáreas da Saúde Coletiva: limites do atual modelo e contribuições para o debate.

The aim of this study was to discuss the limits of the quantitative evaluation model for scientific production in Public Health. An analysis of the scientific production of professors from the various subareas of Public Health was performed for 2010-2012. Distributions of the mean annual score for professors were compared according to subareas. The study estimated the likelihood that 60% of the professors in the graduate studies programs scored P50 (Very Good) or higher in their area. Professors of Epidemiology showed a significantly higher median annual score. Graduate studies programs whose faculty included at least 60% of Epidemiology professors and fewer than 10% from the subarea Social and Human Sciences in Health were significantly more likely to achieve a "Very Good" classification. The observed inequalities in scientific production between different subareas of Public Health point to the need to rethink their evaluation in order to avoid reproducing iniquities that have harmful consequences for the field's diversity.