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1.
Lancet ; 402 Suppl 1: S55, 2023 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37997098

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Cancer Research UK ran a mass-media campaign for 6 weeks from Sept 1, 2022, to Sept 13, 2022, targeted to people aged 50 years and older and from a lower social-grade (C2DE) in Northern Ireland. The campaign was developed to target barriers to help-seeking for the target audience. With this evaluation, we aimed to compare reported barriers and self-reported help-seeking before and after the campaign to assess changes potentially related to the campaign. METHODS: We ran cross-sectional surveys that collected data from independent participants before the campaign (wave 1; n=1262; July 18-Aug 31, 2022) and after the campaign (wave 2; n=1250; Oct 3-Nov 3, 2022; N=2512). A recruitment agency recruited participants to be representative of Northern Ireland by age, gender, and social grade (Office for National Statistics, 2011; quota sampling). After wave 2, age range was 16-94 years (mean 51 years) and gender breakdown was 46% male (n=1152), 54% female (n=1356), and <1% other (n=3). Participants gave written informed consent, and the survey was administered using Computer Assisted Personal Interviewing (CAPI) at waves 1 and 2, and Computer Assisted Telephone Interviewing (CATI) at wave 1. Ethics approval was given by Queens University Belfast. Data were analysed in SPSS. FINDINGS: 78% of the targeted audience (354/451) reported remembering the TV campaign. Of people who reported no symptoms, more reported "nothing would put them off or delay seeking medical attention" at wave 2 (447 [41%] of 1084 participants) than at wave 1 (221 [24%] of 936 participants), and this difference was significant (t(939.796)=2·243, p=0·025; 95% CI 0·083 to 1·244). Participants who reported experiencing a symptom (wave 1 n=186; wave 2 103) were less likely to report that they did not seek help from their GP or doctor in wave 2 (n=63 [61%]) than in wave 1 (n=157 [85%]); however, this difference was not significant (t(214.167)=1·133, p=0·258, 95% CI -0·051 to 0·188). INTERPRETATION: Decreases in barriers reported "nothing putting them off seeking help" and decreases in not seeking help from a GP or doctor to help seeking for actual symptoms experienced suggests this campaign might have resulted in some positive shifts in self-reported help-seeking behaviours for actual symptoms. However, these findings should be interpreted in light of the limitations of this research. Although this was a large sample, additional consideration should be given to the use of independent samples (rather than repeated surveys with the same population), self-reported data, and different data collection methods. FUNDING: Community Foundation for Northern Ireland through the Department of Health Cancer Charities Fund.


Assuntos
Detecção Precoce de Câncer , Neoplasias , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Adolescente , Adulto Jovem , Adulto , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Estudos Transversais , Irlanda do Norte , Neoplasias/diagnóstico , Inquéritos e Questionários , Meios de Comunicação de Massa , Aceitação pelo Paciente de Cuidados de Saúde
2.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37261561

RESUMO

Pit building antlions Euroleon nostras have been submitted to artificial cues in order to delineate their faculty to localize a prey. Series of propagating pulses in sand have been created from an extended source made of 10 piezoelectric transducers equally spaced on a line and located at a large distance from the pit. The envelope of each pulse encompasses six oscillations at a carrier frequency of 1250 Hz and up to eight oscillations at 1666 Hz. In one set of experiments, the first wave front is followed by similar wave fronts and the antlions respond to the cue by throwing sand in the opposite direction of the wave front propagation direction. In another set of experiments, the first wave front is randomly spatially structured while the propagation of the wave fronts inside the envelope of the pulse are not. In that case, the antlions respond less to the cue by throwing sand, and when they do, their sand throwing is more randomly distributed in direction. The finding shows that the localization of vibration signal by antlions are based on the equivalent for hearing animals of interaural time difference in which the onset has more significance than the interaural phase difference.


Assuntos
Insetos , Areia , Animais , Larva/fisiologia , Insetos/fisiologia , Comportamento Predatório/fisiologia , Sinais (Psicologia)
3.
Arch Psychiatr Nurs ; 41: 105-113, 2022 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36428037

RESUMO

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To explore the emotional experience and the perceived mental health of experienced family caregivers of people with mental disorders. BACKGROUND: Family caregiving for individuals with mental disorders differs from other health conditions, as it implies a burden, deterioration in physical and mental health, stigma and a perceived lack of support from mental health services. METHODS: A mixed-method study was undertaken with family caregivers of people diagnosed with mental disorders. RESULTS: A total of 13 experienced family caregivers were included in the study. The qualitative data were classified into two major themes: emotions and perceived mental health. Emotions included five categories: irritability, painful emotions, pressure, emotions orientated towards coping, and positive emotions. The perceived mental health status embraced five categories: anxiety, burden and exhaustion, needing psychological or psychiatric treatment, insomnia and suicidal thoughts. An emotional path could be constructed from their discourses, starting with lack of control or irritation that evolved towards resignation, peace or satisfaction. The quantitative analysis partially replicated the qualitatively reported anxiety, depressive symptoms and insomnia. CONCLUSION: Past and present emotions related to caregiving described by experienced family caregivers were identified. Their emotional trajectories converged in that negative emotions gave way to emotions towards coping, which in turn were followed by positive emotions. The participants' descriptions about their mental status were partially reflected through objective mental health measurements. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: More support from mental health services could help caregivers to progress in their emotional trajectory towards coping, and improve their caregiving knowledge and skills. Mental health nurses have a role in patients and caregivers education and in the promotion of caregivers' psychological wellbeing.


Assuntos
Saúde Mental , Distúrbios do Início e da Manutenção do Sono , Humanos , Cuidadores , Emoções , Adaptação Psicológica
4.
J Psychosoc Nurs Ment Health Serv ; 60(10): 49-55, 2022 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35522935

RESUMO

In recent years, international organizations, professionals, and representatives of mental health service users have expressed the need to regulate, limit, and even eliminate coercive measures in psychiatric treatment. The main objective of the current review is to provide a comprehensive synthesis of existing evidence on coercion in mental health care through a protocol for an umbrella review of systematic reviews. This protocol was designed according to the Joanna Briggs Institute guide for methodological development, conduct, and reporting of umbrella reviews. To minimize bias in the process, two independent reviewers selected the studies to be included, extracted, and synthesized; analyzed the data; and assessed risk of bias of each review. The review protocol was reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Protocols guidelines. This review offers a comprehensive compilation of systematic reviews on coercion developed to date. Coercion causes adverse physical and psychological effects and is an emotional stressor for individuals with psychiatric diagnoses and health care workers. Characterization of coercion across care settings, its impact on clinical outcomes, the perception of those involved, and how coercion could be reduced will also be discussed. [Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 60(10), 49-55.].


Assuntos
Transtornos Mentais , Enfermagem Psiquiátrica , Coerção , Pessoal de Saúde , Humanos , Transtornos Mentais/terapia , Saúde Mental , Literatura de Revisão como Assunto
5.
J Am Psychiatr Nurses Assoc ; : 10783903221090528, 2022 Apr 26.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35473399

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Mental health problems are estimated to affect one in six individuals in the European Union. Fifty percent of mental disorders start in adolescence, around the age of 14. The stigma associated with having a mental health problem is one of the main barriers to seeking help for psychiatric and psychological disorders among adolescents and young adults. Interventions to reduce social stigma could contribute to increased help-seeking behavior in this population. AIMS: To assess the effectiveness of a direct contact intervention in the classroom by persons with lived experience to reduce vocational students' stigmatizing attitudes. METHOD: One person with lived experience and one first-degree relative implemented a classroom intervention lasting 90 min. Its effectiveness was measured using a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest design and within-subject control. RESULTS: A total of 128 students from three different Vocational and Technical Schools from Spain participated in the study. After the intervention, statistically significant differences were observed in the scores of 11 of the 13 dimensions measured with the Spanish Mental Illness Stigma Attribution Questionnaire (AQ-27-E) and the Community Attitudes toward Mental Illness (CAMI) questionnaires. No differences associated with gender or familiarity with the mental disorder were observed. CONCLUSION: Vocational students' negative attitudes and emotions can be improved through a direct contact intervention in the classroom involving people who have experienced a mental disorder themselves. The age range for optimal results with this type of intervention appears to be 18 to 20 years.

6.
Aging Clin Exp Res ; 33(12): 3183-3189, 2021 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33905104

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Inadequate osteoporosis education can make patients ill-informed concerning preventive and therapeutic interventions and creates misconceptions and unnecessary concerns about the disease. AIM: Our study aimed to assess whether patients referred to the DXA exam by their general practitioner are informed about risk factors for osteoporosis, comparing patients who received a diagnosis of osteoporosis before the exam with those without this diagnosis. METHODS: An observational single-center study was performed among patients who were referred to the DXA exam at the Osteoporosis Service of Marche Nord Hospital (Fano, Italy) between April and July 2019. Socio-demographic and clinical characteristics, awareness of suffering from osteoporosis, femoral and lumbar spine T-score and bone mineral density, risk of fracture and the I-FOOQ score were assessed. RESULTS: A pilot study was carried out to validate the questionnaire in the Italian language (alpha-Cronbach 0.75). After that, a sample of 128 patients was enrolled (response rate 93.3%). Mean age was 66 ± 10.6 years, 95.6% were women. Overall, I-FOOQ mean score was 12 ± 3.5. Age, educational level, menopausal age, body mass index, femoral T-score were not associated with a better knowledge (p > 0.05). A comparison between who know to suffer from osteoporosis and others found no differences (12.2 ± 3.4 and 12 ± 3.5, respectively, p = 0.772). Effect of walking, recommended calcium intake, and familiar predisposition are the less known topics. CONCLUSION: Patients who undergo the DXA exam are poorly informed about risk factors for osteoporosis, independently of age, education, bone mineral density and risk of fracture. Knowing to suffer from osteoporosis does not increase the likelihood to be informed. It is mandatory to improve the education that is provided to the patients, as there are effective non-pharmacological interventions to prevent and treat osteoporosis.


Assuntos
Osteoporose , Absorciometria de Fóton , Idoso , Densidade Óssea , Feminino , Humanos , Vértebras Lombares , Osteoporose/diagnóstico por imagem , Projetos Piloto , Inquéritos e Questionários
7.
J Clin Nurs ; 30(9-10): 1383-1393, 2021 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33528874

RESUMO

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To explore the knowledge, attitudes and practices related to cervical cancer and its prevention in Spain. BACKGROUND: Worldwide, women's knowledge about cervical cancer is low, and their attitudes towards its prevention are good, but they do not correlate with the screening uptake. Although the rates of Spanish women performing cervical cancer screening are mostly acceptable, their knowledge and attitudes about it have not been explored. DESIGN: Qualitative descriptive study. METHODS: Three focus groups were conducted, with 21 women aged 25 to 65 years. Participants were recruited through convenience sampling. For intragroup homogeneity, women participated in age groups. The COREQ reporting guidelines were used. RESULTS: Women expressed their knowledge about cervical cancer was low. None of the participants identified the human papillomavirus as a cause of cervical cancer, nor did they mention the vaccine as a preventive measure. They all knew about the screening existence, but not about its frequency nor target population. About the attitudes and practice, 18 women had an appropriate screening, and they were favourable to this health check, claiming an increase in its frequency. Nineteen women claimed they had not received enough information from the healthcare system and a lack of social awareness in comparison with breast cancer. They demanded from the professionals more health education, a reminder of their appointments and a report of the Pap test results. CONCLUSIONS: There was a self-perceived low level of knowledge about cervical cancer risk factors and its prevention in the participants. However, they expressed favourable attitudes towards screening, and they demanded more information about cervical cancer and its prevention measures, and they regretted its low social awareness. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: Midwives, general nurses and other nurse specialists may have a leading position in health education for cervical cancer prevention in different population levels.


Assuntos
Neoplasias do Colo do Útero , Estudos Transversais , Detecção Precoce de Câncer , Feminino , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Humanos , Teste de Papanicolaou , Espanha , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/diagnóstico , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/prevenção & controle , Esfregaço Vaginal
8.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32661557

RESUMO

The antlion larvae (Myrmeleontidae) are ambush predators. They detect substrate-borne vibrations induced by the movement of the prey. European pit-building antlions (Myrmeleon inconspicuus) are studied for their ability to perceive vibrations generated by the locomotion of an ant (Cataglyphis cursor) outside the pit. These strides have been recorded and copied in detail in their time sequences. The signal created was emitted by piezoelectric transducers placed several centimeters outside the peripheries of the pits: the ant movements create waves with particle accelerations that are three orders of magnitude less than g, alleviating any possibility of sand avalanche towards the bottom of the pit. Depending on the amplitude of the vibrations, the antlions answer back, generally by sand tossing. One remarkable feature is the time delay between the start of the cue and the predatory behaviour induced by this cue. This time delay is studied versus the cue amplitude. We found that antlions answer back within minutes to cues with amplitudes of nanometer range, and within seconds to these same cues if they are preceded by a sequence of signals at the Ångström amplitude. This difference in latency is used to evidence the sensitivity to vibrations at an extremely low level.


Assuntos
Insetos/fisiologia , Comportamento Predatório/fisiologia , Animais , Sinais (Psicologia) , Insetos/classificação , Larva , Orientação/fisiologia , Areia , Vibração
9.
Eur J Appl Physiol ; 119(4): 961-970, 2019 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30778760

RESUMO

PURPOSE: Endurance exercise competitions have shown a transient negative effect on global right ventricular (RV) performance. Most published studies are based on terrestrial sports. The aim of our study was to evaluate the cardiac effects after an open water swimming race. METHODS: We evaluated 33 healthy swimmers (mean age 40.9 ± 7.2) participating in a 9.5 km open water swimming race. All subjects underwent a standard transthoracic echocardiography including an evaluation of dimensions and myocardial ventricular deformation. Echocardiography was performed 24 h before and within the first hour of arrival at the finish line. Cardiac troponin I (cTn I), NT-ProBNP and leukocytes were also evaluated. RESULTS: No changes in left ventricle (LV) ejection fraction or LV global longitudinal strain were observed. A significant increase in RV end-diastolic area (RVEDA) was noted after the race (RVEDA at baseline 15.12 ± 1.86; RVEDA after race 16.06 ± 2.27, p < 0.05), but no changes were seen in RV fractional area change or RV global longitudinal strain. Cardiac biomarkers and leukocytes significantly increased. No association was detected between the increase in cTn I or NT-proBNP and the RV acute dilatation or LV performance. A significant association was observed between cTn I and leukocytes (r = 0.375, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: An acute RV dilatation but without an impairment in RV deformation was observed after participating in an endurance swimming race. The correlation between the increase in cTn I and leukocytes, but not with ventricular performance, may support the hypothesis of an exercise-induced increase in myocardial sarcolemmal permeability due to an inflammatory response rather than myocardial injury.


Assuntos
Resistência Física/fisiologia , Natação/fisiologia , Função Ventricular Direita/fisiologia , Água , Adolescente , Adulto , Ecocardiografia/métodos , Feminino , Ventrículos do Coração/diagnóstico por imagem , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Miocárdio/metabolismo , Volume Sistólico/fisiologia , Função Ventricular Esquerda/fisiologia , Adulto Jovem
11.
Crit Care Nurs Q ; 41(2): 215-223, 2018.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29494376

RESUMO

Interruptions occurring during the delivery of health care are frequent and create a serious threat to patient safety. It is important to test strategies directed at decreasing the negative effects of interruptions. The purpose of this pilot study was to test the Stay S.A.F.E. strategy for managing interruptions. A pretest, posttest quasi-experimental design was used to test the primary hypothesis that the Stay S.A.F.E. interruption management strategy would significantly (P < .05) reduce distraction time away from a primary task following an interruption. Twenty nurses with a median of 12 years of experience (range: 1-45 years) participated in the study. There was a significant decrease in the amount of time that participants were distracted away from the primary task between the pretest (134.47 seconds, SD = 6.87) and posttest (6.08 seconds, SD = 1.27) periods; P = .0004. The results of this study suggest that the Stay S.A.F.E. interruption management strategy was effective in reducing the length of time participants were distracted from the primary task in a simulated clinical setting. In addition, nurses confirmed the reports of others that interruptions are frequent, dangerous, and result in errors.


Assuntos
Eficiência Organizacional , Erros Médicos/prevenção & controle , Segurança do Paciente , Análise e Desempenho de Tarefas , Humanos , Recursos Humanos de Enfermagem Hospitalar/psicologia , Projetos Piloto
12.
Electrophoresis ; 38(21): 2777-2785, 2017 11.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28714088

RESUMO

A pressure-based protocol for differential extraction has been optimized to provide a rapid and selective alternative to conventional differential extraction techniques with the advantage of an increased recovery of genomic DNA. The protocol involves treating cotton swabs containing mixtures of sperm and vaginal epithelial cells with two sets of pressure treatment using a Barocycler® NEP 2320 in alkaline conditions. This first step quantitatively and selectively removes female epithelial cells. The cotton swab is removed and further treated with alkali at 95°C for the removal of sperm cell DNA. The resultant solution provides a clean male profile at a 20:1 cell ratio. Furthermore, the inclusion of a pretreatment step involving immunomagnetic cell capture of the female cells, permits nearly complete isolation of male sperm cells at cell ratios of up to 200:1 female to male cells.


Assuntos
Fracionamento Químico/métodos , Separação Imunomagnética/métodos , Apoptose , DNA/análise , Impressões Digitais de DNA/métodos , Células Epiteliais/citologia , Feminino , Genética Forense/métodos , Humanos , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Masculino , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/métodos , Pressão , Manejo de Espécimes/métodos , Espermatozoides/citologia , Vagina/citologia
13.
Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse ; 42(6): 707-714, 2016 11.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27314209

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The trend of alcohol use among college students has been shown to vary by ethnicity and has been linked to acculturation among Hispanics. Consistent findings indicate that males consume alcohol more frequently and in greater quantities compared to females. OBJECTIVES: This study investigated the drinking habits of Hispanic college students living in the border region of South Texas. The study evaluated the influence of acculturation on alcohol consumption among Hispanic males and females. METHODS: Two hundred and ninety-six Hispanic students participated in this study. The participants reported their drinking behaviors over the past 30 days and completed a measure of acculturation. RESULTS: Fifty-nine percent of the participants reported consuming alcohol in the past 30 days with more males than females reporting alcohol consumption. Logistic regression analysis indicated that age and gender, and not acculturation or enculturation, predicted drinking in the last 30 days. Among drinkers, the regression analyses indicated that gender and lower levels of Anglo orientation were linked to increased alcohol consumption, suggesting that Hispanics who were less oriented toward the Anglo culture consumed more alcohol than those more oriented toward the Anglo culture. Among drinkers, males and females did not differ in frequency or binge drinking, but males consumed more alcohol than females. CONCLUSION: Previous research indicates that greater acculturation is linked to greater consumption of alcohol; however, we found it to be associated with less consumption. The findings regarding gender represent some consistencies with previous research but there are some inconsistencies as well. These results suggest that less acculturated Hispanic male college students residing in the border region may be at a higher risk of alcohol abuse than Hispanic female students and more acculturated male students.


Assuntos
Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/epidemiologia , Consumo Excessivo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/epidemiologia , Hispânico ou Latino/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudantes/estatística & dados numéricos , Aculturação , Adolescente , Fatores Etários , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/etnologia , Consumo Excessivo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/etnologia , Feminino , Humanos , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Fatores Sexuais , Texas/epidemiologia , Universidades , Adulto Jovem
14.
Eur J Appl Physiol ; 114(5): 907-19, 2014 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24463602

RESUMO

PURPOSE: To investigate the associations among objectively measured sedentary behavior, light physical activity, and markers of cardiometabolic health in young women. METHODS: Cardiovascular disease risk factors, homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), lipid accumulation product, and inflammatory markers were measured in 50 young, adult women. Accelerometers were worn over 7 days to assess sedentary time (<150 counts min(-1)), light physical activity (150-2,689 counts min(-1)), and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA; ≥2,690 counts min(-1)). Multivariate regression examined independent associations of sedentary behavior and light physical activity with cardiometabolic health. Covariates included MVPA, cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2peak) and body mass, and body composition. RESULTS: Sedentary behavior was associated with triglycerides (p = 0.03) and lipid accumulation product (p = 0.02) independent of MVPA. These associations were attenuated by VO2peak and body mass or body composition (p ≥ 0.05). Light physical activity was independently associated with triglycerides and lipid accumulation product after adjustment for all covariates (p < 0.05). The association between light physical activity and HOMA-IR was independent of MVPA (p = 0.02) but was attenuated by VO2peak and body mass or body composition (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Sedentary behavior and light physical activity were independently associated with markers of cardiometabolic health in young, adult women. Our data suggest that VO2peak and body composition may be important mediators of these associations. Decreasing sedentary behavior and increasing light physical activity may be important for maintaining cardiometabolic health in young, adult women.


Assuntos
Exercício Físico , Síndrome Metabólica/epidemiologia , Comportamento Sedentário , Adulto , Biomarcadores/sangue , Pressão Sanguínea , Composição Corporal , LDL-Colesterol/sangue , Feminino , Humanos , Resistência à Insulina , Interleucina-6/sangue , Síndrome Metabólica/sangue , Consumo de Oxigênio , Fatores de Risco , Triglicerídeos/sangue , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/sangue
15.
J Microencapsul ; 31(6): 535-41, 2014.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24697181

RESUMO

Abstract The aim of this study was to demonstrate the skin penetration of an antioxidant, gallic acid (GA), encapsulated in poly-ε-caprolactone (PCL) microspheres and applied onto textile fabrics, by a specific in vitro percutaneous absorption methodology. Two techniques (particle size distribution and FTIR) were used to characterise the microspheres obtained. The amount of GA-loaded microspheres present in the biofunctional textiles was established before their use as a textile drug delivery system. More absorption and desorption of microspheres with GA for the polyamide fabric were found in comparison with cotton fabric. The percutaneous absorption results indicated that the skin penetration of GA released from PCL-microspheres that were applied directly to the skin was higher than when GA was embedded within biofunctional textiles, in conclusion, an interesting reservoir effect may be promoted when biofunctional textiles were used.


Assuntos
Ácido Gálico , Microesferas , Nylons , Animais , Preparações de Ação Retardada/química , Preparações de Ação Retardada/farmacocinética , Preparações de Ação Retardada/farmacologia , Ácido Gálico/química , Ácido Gálico/farmacocinética , Ácido Gálico/farmacologia , Poliésteres/química , Absorção Cutânea , Suínos
16.
Int J Ment Health Nurs ; 33(2): 259-280, 2024 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37908175

RESUMO

Coercion in mental healthcare is ubiquitous and affects the physical health, recovery and psychological and emotional well-being of those who experience it. Numerous studies have explored different issues related to coercion, and the present umbrella review aims to gather, evaluate and synthesise the evidence found across systematic reviews. The protocol, registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO registration number: CRD42020196713), included 46 systematic reviews and meta-analyses of primary studies whose main theme was coercion and which were obtained from databases (Medline/PubMed, PsycINFO, EMBASE and CINAHL) and repositories of systematic reviews following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. All the reviews were subjected to independent assessment of quality and risk of bias and were grouped in two categories: (1) evidence on specific coercive measures (including Community Treatment Orders, forced treatment, involuntary admissions, seclusion and restriction and informal coercion), taking into account their prevalence, related factors, effectiveness, harmful effects and alternatives to reduce their use; and (2) experiences, perceptions and attitudes concerning coercion of professionals, mental health service users and their caregivers or relatives. This umbrella review can be useful to professionals and users in addressing the wide variety of aspects encompassed by coercion and the implications for professionals' daily clinical practice in mental health units. This research received funding from two competitive calls.


Assuntos
Serviços de Saúde Mental , Saúde Mental , Humanos , Coerção , Emoções , Pesquisa Qualitativa
17.
Nurs Rep ; 14(2): 695-706, 2024 Mar 22.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38525699

RESUMO

Anxiety is an important and recurrent problem in people with severe mental illness (SMI). The aim of this work is to measure the effectiveness of the Music Therapy nursing intervention in reducing anxiety in outpatients diagnosed with SMI (bipolar disorder and schizophrenia). The intervention was structured over five weeks (ten 1-h sessions, twice weekly). Objective measures (blood pressure, heart rate, and respiratory rate) and subjective measures (anxiety response and the subjective perception of relaxation) were taken before and after every session. Our results show that this nursing intervention entails an objective reduction of the respiratory rate ((-4.5, -0.5) breaths per minute), the heart rate ((-5.80, -2.13) bpm), and it evidences a reduction in the subjective perception of anxiety (16.08% mean reduction in state anxiety). Considering all the sessions, the subjective perception of relaxation increased 97.33% of the time. This study provides evidence that the Music Therapy intervention can effectively promote relaxation and reduce anxiety symptoms in people with SMI. This study was retrospectively registered at Clinical Trials with Protocol Identifier NCT06315049.

18.
Int J Nurs Stud ; 152: 104693, 2024 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38262232

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Different systematic reviews have been developed in the last decades about maternal risks of immediate pushing and delayed pushing, depending on the duration of the second stage of labour, but they do not provide conclusive evidence. AIM: The main aim of this overview of systematic reviews was to assess the maternal outcomes using delayed pushing and immediate pushing in the second stage of labour in women receiving epidural analgesia. METHODS: We searched systematically in PubMed (Medline), EMBASE, CINAHL, and Scopus (October 26th, 2023). Methodological quality was analysed using AMSTAR and ROBIS scales, and the strength of evidence was established according to the guidelines advisory committee grading criteria. The outcome measures were the duration of the second stage of labour, duration of active pushing, caesarean section, instrumental vaginal birth, spontaneous vaginal birth, fatigue score, perineal lacerations, postpartum haemorrhage, and rate of episiotomy. Seven systematic reviews with and without meta-analysis were included. RESULTS: Results showed that delayed pushing increases the total time of the second stage of labour, although delayed pushing decreases the duration of active pushing with moderate quality of evidence. Mixed results were found with respect to the variables instrumental vaginal birth, spontaneous vaginal birth, and fatigue score although the results favour delayed pushing or show no statistically significant differences with respect to immediate pushing. No favourable results were ever found for immediate pushing with respect to delayed pushing, with a limited quality of evidence. Even so, delayed pushing seems to be associated with a significant increase in spontaneous vaginal birth rates. The results found no significant differences between the immediate pushing and delayed pushing groups in the caesarean section rates, perineal lacerations, postpartum haemorrhage, and episiotomy ratio, with a limited quality of evidence. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that delayed pushing during the second stage of labour produces at least the same maternal outcomes as immediate pushing, although we note that delayed pushing produces an increase of the duration of the second stage of labour, a shorter duration of the active pushing and a tendency to increase spontaneous vaginal birth and to reduce the instrumental vaginal birth rates and fatigue scores. This should be considered clinically. This review was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews PROSPERO (CRD42023397616).


Assuntos
Lacerações , Hemorragia Pós-Parto , Gravidez , Feminino , Humanos , Cesárea , Parto Obstétrico/métodos , Segunda Fase do Trabalho de Parto , Revisões Sistemáticas como Assunto
19.
Prev Sci ; 14(6): 618-27, 2013 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23408281

RESUMO

The prevalence of HIV among adults 50 and older in the USA is increasing as a result of improvements in treatment and detection of HIV infection. Substance use by this population has implications for physical and mental health outcomes. We examined patterns of demographics, mental health, and recent substance use in a diverse sample of heterosexual, bisexual, and gay adults 50 and older living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) in New York City. The most commonly used substances were cigarettes or alcohol; however, the majority of the sample did not report recent use of marijuana, poppers, or hard drugs (crystal methamphetamine, cocaine, crack, heroin, ecstasy, GHB, ketamine, and LSD or PCP). Statistically significant associations between substance use and psychological states (well-being and loneliness) were generally weak, and depression scores were not significantly related to use; instead, drug use was associated with gender/sexual orientation. The study observations support addressing substance use specific to subpopulations within PLWHA.


Assuntos
Demografia , Infecções por HIV/complicações , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/complicações , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Cidade de Nova Iorque
20.
J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs ; 30(4): 595-599, 2023 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36748293

RESUMO

WHAT IS KNOWN ON THE SUBJECT?: The therapeutic relationship is crucial for mental health practice, especially to practice that is recovery-orientated. WHAT THE PAPER ADDS TO EXISTING KNOWLEDGE?: This lived experience suggests that mental health professionals can be a long way from knowing the service users' feelings and their precise needs. The narrative reveals how mental health professionals maintain stereotypes and prejudices against people with mental health conditions and how these are reflected in their practice through lack of respect and users' dignity. WHAT ARE THE IMPLICATIONS FOR MENTAL HEALTH NURSING?: This lived experience narrative highlights the need to humanize care. ABSTRACT: INTRODUCTION: The therapeutic relationship is not always functional in clinical practice due to various factors, such as lack of time, lack of job motivation, exhaustion and rejection towards the person cared for. AIM: The aim of this study is to illustrate to professionals the needs of the persons they care for and how they see the world. METHOD: The aim was achieved through the development of a lived experience narrative. RESULTS: This lived experience narrative describes the experience of a mental health nurse since her first psychotic symptoms and her perceptions of the therapeutic relationship with mental health staff in her trajectory from the first psychiatric appointment until her last contact with the community mental health services. DISCUSSION: This narrative suggests that mental health professionals are sometimes far from discovering what service users are feeling and their precise needs. This highlights the need to humanize mental healthcare.


Assuntos
Serviços Comunitários de Saúde Mental , Transtornos Mentais , Serviços de Saúde Mental , Enfermagem Psiquiátrica , Feminino , Humanos , Enfermagem Psiquiátrica/métodos , Saúde Mental , Transtornos Mentais/terapia
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