Simultaneous pectus excavatum correction and lung transplantation-A case series.

Severe chest wall deformities are considered an absolute contraindication for lung transplantation. The significantly impaired chest compliance associated with pectus excavatum is thought to result in a high risk of postoperative respiratory complications and significant morbidity and mortality. We herein report our pooled institutional experience consisting of 3 patients who underwent bilateral lung transplantation and simultaneous correction of a pectus excavatum. Two of the patients were children and 1 patient had severe asymmetric pectus. All patients received a size-reduced double lung transplant and the deformity was corrected by a Nuss or modified Ravitch procedure. The perioperative course was complicated by prolonged weaning requiring tracheostomy in 2 of the 3 patients. However, long-term results were good and all 3 patients are alive in excellent clinical condition 72, 60, and 12 months after the transplantation. This case series demonstrates that patients with severe chest wall deformities should not a priori be excluded from lung transplantation, and a combined approach is feasible for selected patients.

Outcomes with alemtuzumab induction therapy in lung transplantation: a comprehensive large-scale single-center analysis.

Alemtuzumab is a monoclonal antibody targeting CD52, increasingly used as induction therapy after transplantation. The aim of this study was to analyze the outcomes of alemtuzumab induction therapy followed by a low-dose maintenance immunosuppression in a large single-center cohort of lung transplant recipients. All patients, who received alemtuzumab induction followed by a low-dose maintenance immunosuppression were included in the analysis. Short- and long-term outcomes were analyzed. 721 lung transplant recipients, transplanted between January 2008 and June 2019, were included in this retrospective study. Freedom from higher-grade ACR at 1, 5, and 10 years was 98%, 96%, and 96%, respectively. Thirty-nine patients (5%) developed clinical AMR. Twenty-one percent of patients developed high-grade CKD. A total of 1488 infections were recorded. Sixteen percent were diagnosed within the first 3 months. Sixty-two patients (9%) developed a malignancy during follow-up. Freedom from CLAD at 1, 5, and 10 years was 94%, 72%, and 53%, respectively. Overall survival rates at 1, 5, and 10 years were 85%, 71%, and 61%, respectively. Alemtuzumab induction combined with a low-dose tacrolimus protocol is safe and associated with low rates of acute and chronic rejection, as well as an excellent long-term survival.

Lung Transplantation and Simultaneous Modified Ravitch Procedure.

Lung transplantation is an established treatment for a variety of end-stage lung diseases; however, chest wall deformities such as an asymmetric pectus excavatum are often considered a contraindication for lung transplantation. Consequently, the published experience of lung transplants and simultaneous chest wall reconstruction is limited to a few case reports. This article aims to provide a detailed description of surgical steps as well as technical challenges and pitfalls of lung transplantation with a simultaneous modified Ravitch procedure. Exemplary technical aspects will be discussed for a pediatric patient in whom such a combined procedure resulted in an excellent outcome.

Lung transplantation for idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension on intraoperative and postoperatively prolonged extracorporeal membrane oxygenation provides optimally controlled reperfusion and excellent outcome.

OBJECTIVES: Lung transplantation for idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension has the highest reported postoperative mortality of all indications. Reasons lie in the complexity of treatment of these patients and the frequent occurrence of postoperative left ventricular failure. Transplantation on intraoperative extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support instead of cardiopulmonary bypass and even more the prolongation of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation into the postoperative period helps to overcome these problems. We reviewed our experience with this concept. METHODS: All patients undergoing bilateral lung transplantation for idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension on intraoperative extracorporeal membrane oxygenation with or without prophylactic extracorporeal membrane oxygenation prolongation into the postoperative period between January 2000 and December 2014 were retrospectively analysed. RESULTS: Forty-one patients entered the study. Venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support was prolonged into the postoperative period for a median of 2.5 days (range 1-40). Ninety-day, 1-, 3- and 5-year survival rates for the patient collective were 92.7%, 90.2%, 87.4% and 87.4%, respectively. When compared with 31 patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension transplanted in the same period of time without prolongation of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation into the postoperative period, the results compared favourably (83.9%, 77.4%, 77.4%, and 77.4%; P = 0.189). Furthermore, these results are among the best results ever reported for this particularly difficult patient population. CONCLUSIONS: Bilateral lung transplantation for idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension with intraoperative venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support seems to provide superior outcome compared with the results reported about the use of cardiopulmonary bypass. Prophylactic prolongation of venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation into the early postoperative period provides stable postoperative conditions and seems to further improve the results.