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1.
BMC Immunol ; 16: 52, 2015 Sep 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26329520

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Regulatory CD4 T cells (Tregs) are critical in maintaining the homeostasis of the immune system. Quantitative or phenotypic alterations and functional impairment of Tregs have been associated with the development of pathologies including those of the central nervous system. Individuals with HIV-1/HTLV-1 co-infection are more prone to develop neurological complications. The aim of this study was to characterize phenotypically Treg cells in HIV-1/HTLV-1 co-infected Mozambican individuals presenting neurological symptoms. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among HIV-infected individuals presentingneurological symptoms, with and without HTLV co-infection, and blood donors. Peripheral bloodmononuclear cells were stained with monoclonal antibodies conjugated with fluorochromes to quantifyTregs and activated T cells by four colors flow cytometry. RESULTS: Higher Treg cell frequency (10.6%) was noted in HIV-1/HTLV-1 co-infected group with neurological symptoms when compared to HIV-1 mono-infected group with neurological symptoms (0.38%, p = 0.003) and control group (0.9%, p = 0.0105). An inverse correlation between Foxp3 and CD49d expression was observed in all study groups (rh = -0.71, p = 0.001). In addition, increased levels of Treg cells in co-infected patients were strongly associated with total activated CD4 T cells (rh = 0.8, p = 0.01). CONCLUSION: Treg cells in co-infected patients present phenotypic alterations and might have dysfunction marked by low expression of Foxp3 and increased expression of molecules not frequently seen on Treg cells, such as CD49d. These alterations may be related to (1) changes in Treg cell trafficking and migration, possibly making those cells susceptible to HIV infection, and (2) inability to control the activation and proliferation of effector T lymphocytes.


Assuntos
Coinfecção/imunologia , Fatores de Transcrição Forkhead/metabolismo , Infecções por HIV/imunologia , Infecções por HTLV-I/imunologia , Integrina alfa4/metabolismo , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso/imunologia , Linfócitos T Reguladores/imunologia , Adulto , Antígenos CD4/metabolismo , Coinfecção/virologia , Demografia , Feminino , Infecções por HIV/virologia , HIV-1/imunologia , Antígenos HLA-DR/imunologia , Infecções por HTLV-I/virologia , Vírus Linfotrópico T Tipo 1 Humano/imunologia , Humanos , Subunidade alfa de Receptor de Interleucina-2/metabolismo , Ativação Linfocitária/imunologia , Contagem de Linfócitos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso/patologia , Fenótipo
2.
Viruses ; 16(8)2024 Aug 18.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39205288

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Human papillomavirus 16 (HPV16) is an oncogenic virus responsible for the majority of invasive cervical cancer cases worldwide. Due to genetic modifications, some variants are more oncogenic than others. We analysed the HPV16 phylogeny in HPV16-positive cervical Desoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) samples collected from South African and Mozambican women to detect the circulating lineages. METHODS: Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of the long control region (LCR) and 300 nucleotides of the E6 region was performed using HPV16-specific primers on HPV16-positive cervical samples collected in women from South Africa and Mozambique. HPV16 sequences were obtained through Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) methods. Geneious prime and MEGA 11 software were used to align the sequences to 16 HPV16 reference sequences, gathering the A, B, C, and D lineages and generating the phylogenetic tree. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the LCR and E6 regions were analysed and the phylogenetic tree was generated using Geneious Prime software. RESULTS: Fifty-eight sequences were analysed. Of these sequences, 79% (46/58) were from women who had abnormal cervical cytology. Fifteen SNPs in the LCR and eight in the E6 region were found to be the most common in all sequences. The phylogenetic analysis determined that 45% of the isolates belonged to the A1 sublineage (European variant), 34% belonged to the C1 sublineage (African 1 variant), 16% belonged to the B1 and B2 sublineage (African 2 variant), two isolates belonged to the D1-3 sublineages (Asian-American variant), and one to the North American variant. CONCLUSIONS: The African and European HPV16 variants were the most common circulating lineages in South African and Mozambican women. A high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) was the most common cervical abnormality observed and linked to European and African lineages. These findings may contribute to understanding molecular HPV16 epidemiology in South Africa and Mozambique.


Assuntos
Papillomavirus Humano 16 , Infecções por Papillomavirus , Filogenia , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero , Humanos , Feminino , Moçambique/epidemiologia , África do Sul/epidemiologia , Papillomavirus Humano 16/genética , Papillomavirus Humano 16/isolamento & purificação , Papillomavirus Humano 16/classificação , Infecções por Papillomavirus/virologia , Infecções por Papillomavirus/epidemiologia , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/virologia , Adulto , Colo do Útero/virologia , Colo do Útero/patologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , DNA Viral/genética , Sequenciamento de Nucleotídeos em Larga Escala , Proteínas Oncogênicas Virais/genética , Adulto Jovem , Citologia
3.
PLoS One ; 19(9): e0307781, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39240843

RESUMO

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) have a profound impact on sexual and reproductive health worldwide. Syphilis, gonorrhea, chlamydia, and trichomoniasis are four currently curable STIs. However, most STI cases are asymptomatic and not detected without laboratory diagnostics. Hepatitis B virus, herpes simplex virus, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and human papillomavirus (HPV) are four viral and incurable infections, but they can be mitigated by treatment. We investigated the prevalence of selected sexually transmitted pathogens and their relationship with HPV and HIV infection in women from Maputo, the capital of Mozambique. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 233 non-pregnant women seeking health care relating to gynecological symptoms in Mavalane Health facilities in Maputo, between the 1st of February 2018 and the 30th of July 2019. Cervical brush samples were collected and DNA was extracted. Selected STIs including HPV were detected using multiplex STD and HPV Direct Flow Chip Kits through a manual Hybrispot platform (Vitro, Master Diagnostica, Sevilla, Spain). HIV testing was performed using rapid tests: Determine HIV 1/2 test (Alere Abbott Laboratories, Tokyo, Japan) for screening, and UniGold HIV (Trinity Biotech, Ireland) for confirmation. All women (n = 233) were negative for Haemophilus ducreyi and Herpes Simplex Virus-1 (HSV-1). Among the 233 women, a high prevalence of STIs was found (89%), 63% of the women were positive for HPV and 24% were HIV positive. Treponema pallidum (TP), Trichomonas vaginalis (TV), Herpes Simplex Virus-2 (HSV-2), and Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) were detected in 17%, 14%, 8%, and 8% of the women, respectively. As a common phenomenon, vaginal discharge (90%) was the lower genital tract symptom reported by the majority of the women. Co-infection with any STI and HPV was detected in 56% (130/233) while 45% (59/130) of the co-infections were with high-risk HPV (hrHPV) genotypes. Among the HPV-positive participants, infection by TP was the most prevalent (27%). In total, 28% (66/233) of the participants were positive for any hrHPV genotypes. Co-infection with any STI and HIV was found in 15% (34/233) of the study participants. There was a significant association between HPV infection and TP (p = 0.039) and HSV-2 (p = 0.005). TV, TP, and CT-S1-CT-S2 positivity were significantly more prevalent in HIV-positive participants. Pathobionts Ureaplasma urealyticum/parvum and Mycoplasma hominis were detected in 84.0% (195/233) and 45% (105/233), respectively. This present study describes a high prevalence of STIs. Co-infection between HPV and STIs was found in the majority of the study subjects. The high prevalence of HPV emphasizes the need for HPV vaccination to prevent cervical cancer in this population. Management of STIs is also important in women presenting with gynecological symptoms.


Assuntos
Infecções por HIV , Infecções por Papillomavirus , Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis , Humanos , Feminino , Moçambique/epidemiologia , Adulto , Infecções por HIV/epidemiologia , Infecções por HIV/complicações , Infecções por Papillomavirus/epidemiologia , Infecções por Papillomavirus/virologia , Estudos Transversais , Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis/epidemiologia , Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis/diagnóstico , Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis/microbiologia , Adulto Jovem , Prevalência , Adolescente , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Coinfecção/epidemiologia , Sífilis/epidemiologia , Sífilis/complicações , Papillomaviridae/isolamento & purificação , Papillomaviridae/genética
4.
PLoS One ; 17(10): e0276283, 2022.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36240262

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection can be prevented by vaccination. Exposure to blood or body fluids poses a high risk of transmission of HBV in health care workers (HCWs). This study aimed to determine the prevalence of markers of exposure, susceptibility, and protection to HBV infection in HCWs in Beira, Mozambique. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted between June and August 2020 in Beira City, Mozambique, in HCWs based on self-administered questionnaires and blood samples. Plasma samples were tested for HBV surface antigen (HBsAg), antibodies to HBV core antigen (anti-HBc), antibodies to HBsAg (anti-HBs) and HBV viral load (HBV DNA). RESULTS: Most of the 315 HCWs in the study were nurses (125; 39.7%). Of the HCWs, 5.1% (16; 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 2.9 to 8.1%) were infected by HBV (HBsAg and/or HBV DNA positive). Occult HBV infection (OBI) (HBV DNA positive and HBsAg negative) was found in 0.3% (1; 95% CI: 0.0 to 1.8%) of participants; 27.9% (88; 95% CI: 23.1 to 33.2%) were susceptible (negative for all markers), 6.3% (20; 95% CI: 3.9 to 9.6) were immune due to natural infection (anti-HBs and anti-HBc positive only), while 60% (189; 95% CI: 54.4 to 65.5) were immune due to vaccination (anti-HBs positive only). CONCLUSION: This study showed a high intermediate prevalence of chronic hepatitis B among healthcare workers in Beira City, Central Mozambique, and one-third of healthcare workers were susceptible to HBV infection. There is a need to implement a national hepatitis B screening and vaccination strategy among healthcare workers in Mozambique.


Assuntos
Hepatite B Crônica , Hepatite B , Antígenos de Superfície , Estudos Transversais , DNA Viral/genética , Pessoal de Saúde , Hepatite B/diagnóstico , Hepatite B/epidemiologia , Hepatite B/prevenção & controle , Anticorpos Anti-Hepatite B , Antígenos de Superfície da Hepatite B , Vírus da Hepatite B/genética , Hepatite B Crônica/epidemiologia , Hepatite B Crônica/prevenção & controle , Humanos , Moçambique/epidemiologia , Prevalência
5.
Virol J ; 8: 408, 2011 Aug 17.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21849066

RESUMO

The HIV/AIDS pandemic is primarily caused by HIV-1. Another virus type, HIV-2, is found mainly in West African countries. We hypothesized that population migration and mobility in Africa may have facilitated the introduction and spreading of HIV-2 in Mozambique. The presence of HIV-2 has important implications for diagnosis and choice of treatment of HIV infection. Hence, the aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of HIV-2 infection and its genotype in Maputo, Mozambique.HIV-infected individuals (N = 1,200) were consecutively enrolled and screened for IgG antibodies against HIV-1 gp41 and HIV-2 gp36 using peptide-based enzyme immunoassays (pepEIA). Specimens showing reactivity on the HIV-2 pepEIA were further tested using the INNO-LIA immunoblot assay and HIV-2 PCR targeting RT and PR genes. Subtype analysis of HIV-2 was based on the protease gene.After screening with HIV-2 pepEIA 1,168 were non-reactive and 32 were reactive to HIV-2 gp36 peptide. Of this total, 30 specimens were simultaneously reactive to gp41 and gp36 pepEIA while two samples reacted solely to gp36 peptide. Only three specimens containing antibodies against gp36 and gp105 on the INNO-LIA immunoblot assay were found to be positive by PCR to HIV-2 subtype A.The proportion of HIV-2 in Maputo City was 0.25% (90%CI 0.01-0.49). The HIV epidemic in Southern Mozambique is driven by HIV-1, with HIV-2 also circulating at a marginal rate. Surveillance program need to improve HIV-2 diagnosis and consider periodical survey aiming to monitor HIV-2 prevalence in the country.


Assuntos
Anticorpos Anti-HIV/imunologia , Infecções por HIV/diagnóstico , HIV-2 , Adulto , Estudos Transversais , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Feminino , Anticorpos Anti-HIV/análise , Proteína gp41 do Envelope de HIV/análise , Proteína gp41 do Envelope de HIV/imunologia , Infecções por HIV/epidemiologia , Infecções por HIV/imunologia , Infecções por HIV/virologia , HIV-2/genética , HIV-2/imunologia , Humanos , Immunoblotting , Incidência , Masculino , Moçambique , Filogeografia , Vigilância da População , Carga Viral/genética
6.
Viruses ; 14(1)2021 12 23.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35062228

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is now a well-established cause of cervical cancer and other anogenital cancers. An association between human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and higher HPV incidence and prevalence are commonly reported. This study was conducted to demonstrate HPV prevalence, genotypes and its characteristics, according to the HIV status in women from Maputo in Mozambique. METHODS: A total of 233 participants with ages ranging from fourteen to forty-five were included. Cervical samples were collected, DNA extracted, and HPV genotyping was performed using the HPV Direct Flow CHIP Kit. RESULTS: In total, 177 HIV-negative and 56 HIV-positive women were included in the analysis. The overall HPV prevalence was 63% and was significantly higher among HIV-positive women (79% versus 58% among HIV-negative women; p = 0.005). The prevalence of multiple HPV type infections was 32%. High-risk HPV types 52, 68, 35, 18 and 16 were the most frequent. A higher proportion of HIV-positive women had multiple HPV types compared with HIV-negative women. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated a high prevalence of HPV in the study cohort. HIV-positive women were identified as having the highest HPV prevalence and infection with multiple HPV types across all ages. High-risk genotypes were the most commonly found.


Assuntos
Alphapapillomavirus/genética , Infecções por HIV/complicações , Infecções por Papillomavirus/complicações , Infecções por Papillomavirus/virologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Alphapapillomavirus/isolamento & purificação , Colo do Útero/virologia , Estudos de Coortes , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Genótipo , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Moçambique/epidemiologia , Infecções por Papillomavirus/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Adulto Jovem
7.
PLoS One ; 15(10): e0239782, 2020.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33091019

RESUMO

The Mozambique Indicators of Immunization, Malaria and HIV/AIDS (IMASIDA) survey was conducted in 2015 and used a two Enzyme Immunoassay (EIA) (Vironostika HIV-1/2 and Murex HIV-1/2) based algorithm to determine the HIV status of the consented participants. The Mozambique Ministry of Health, with support from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US CDC), added Bio-Rad Geenius™ HIV-1/2 Supplemental Assay to the IMASIDA HIV testing algorithm to confirm all specimens that were found to be reactive on one or both EIAs. In total 11690 specimens were collected to estimate the proportion of HIV positive samples. Results indicate that the proportion of HIV positive samples based on the concordant positive results of two EIA assays was 21.5% (2518/11690). The addition of the Geenius assay to the IMASIDA HIV testing algorithm demonstrated that 792 (31.5%) of 2518 specimens were false-positive and reduced the proportion of HIV positive samples to 14.7% (1722/11690), demonstrating the importance of including a highly specific HIV test to confirm HIV diagnosis. HIV surveys exclusively based on EIA testing algorithm may result in misleading high prevalence results. Our results demonstrate that more specific confirmatory testing should be added to the EIA-based algorithms to ensure accurate HIV diagnosis and correct HIV prevalence estimate in cross-sectional surveys.


Assuntos
Infecções por HIV/diagnóstico , HIV-1/imunologia , HIV-2/imunologia , Técnicas Imunoenzimáticas , Adolescente , Adulto , Algoritmos , Estudos Transversais , Reações Falso-Positivas , Feminino , Anticorpos Anti-HIV , Infecções por HIV/epidemiologia , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Programas de Rastreamento , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Moçambique , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Adulto Jovem
8.
Front Immunol ; 11: 1470, 2020.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32760401

RESUMO

A better understanding of the response against Tuberculosis (TB) infection is required to accurately identify the individuals with an active or a latent TB infection (LTBI) and also those LTBI patients at higher risk of developing active TB. In this work, we have used the information obtained from studying the gene expression profile of active TB patients and their infected -LTBI- or uninfected -NoTBI- contacts, recruited in Spain and Mozambique, to build a class-prediction model that identifies individuals with a TB infection profile. Following this approach, we have identified several genes and metabolic pathways that provide important information of the immune mechanisms triggered against TB infection. As a novelty of our work, a combination of this class-prediction model and the direct measurement of different immunological parameters, was used to identify a subset of LTBI contacts (called TB-like) whose transcriptional and immunological profiles are suggestive of infection with a higher probability of developing active TB. Validation of this novel approach to identifying LTBI individuals with the highest risk of active TB disease merits further longitudinal studies on larger cohorts in TB endemic areas.


Assuntos
Tuberculose Latente/diagnóstico , Modelos Imunológicos , Análise de Sequência de RNA/métodos , Linfócitos T/imunologia , Tuberculose/diagnóstico , Doença Aguda , Adulto , Idoso , Células Cultivadas , Progressão da Doença , Feminino , Humanos , Interferon gama/metabolismo , Tuberculose Latente/genética , Tuberculose Latente/imunologia , Ativação Linfocitária , Aprendizado de Máquina , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Tuberculose/genética , Tuberculose/imunologia
9.
Sci Rep ; 10(1): 3844, 2020 03 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32123229

RESUMO

Tuberculosis (TB) is the most lethal infection among infectious diseases. The specific aim of this study was to establish panels of serum protein biomarkers representative of active TB patients and their household contacts who were either infected (LTBI) or uninfected (EMI-TB Discovery Cohort, Pontevedra Region, Spain). A TMT (Tamdem mass tags) 10plex-based quantitative proteomics study was performed in quintuplicate containing a total of 15 individual serum samples per group. Peptides were analyzed in an LC-Orbitrap Elite platform, and raw data were processed using Proteome Discoverer 2.1. A total of 418 proteins were quantified. The specific protein signature of active TB patients was characterized by an accumulation of proteins related to complement activation, inflammation and modulation of immune response and also by a decrease of a small subset of proteins, including apolipoprotein A and serotransferrin, indicating the importance of lipid transport and iron assimilation in the progression of the disease. This signature was verified by the targeted measurement of selected candidates in a second cohort (EMI-TB Verification Cohort, Maputo Region, Mozambique) by ELISA and nephelometry techniques. These findings will aid our understanding of the complex metabolic processes associated with TB progression from LTBI to active disease.


Assuntos
Proteômica , Tuberculose/sangue , Tuberculose/metabolismo , Adulto , Busca de Comunicante , Feminino , Humanos , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Tuberculose/transmissão
10.
Cancer Treat Res Commun ; 19: 100129, 2019.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30903933

RESUMO

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Mozambique had been ranked among the countries with the highest global incidence of HCC with chronic hepatitis B infection and high exposure to aflatoxin-B1 (AFB1) being major risk factors. Indeed, HCC remains one of the most frequent cancer in Maputo. On the other hand, Mozambique has a high prevalence of infection with Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Our study aims to describe the epidemiology, clinicopathological and serological features of patients with HCC in Maputo Central Hospital and its relationship with HIV. METHODS: A series of 206 patients, diagnosed with HCC via fine needle aspiration, were consecutively included in the study. Patient data was collected using a questionnaire and all patients were tested for HBV, HCV, HIV. RESULTS: Median age was 49 years old and the M: F sex ratio was 2.4. A total of 114 (56.2%) of the patients were HBsAg positive. Hepatitis C antibodies were present in 8.9% of cases, and co-infection with HBV and HCV (HBsAg/anti-HCV) was observed in 4 (2.0%) cases. The remainder, 36.3%, were neither hepatitis B- nor C-related. HIV was detected in 34 cases (18.0%) cases. HIV-HBV or HIV-HCV co-infections were observed in 22 (68.8%) and 2 (6.2%) cases. Overall, positivity for HIV was associated with younger age, and especially in patients with HBsAg+/anti-HCV+. CONCLUSIONS: Our data emphasize the need for a reinforcement of secondary prevention measures in Mozambique. Serological screening for HBV in people born before universal anti-hepatitis B immunization (2001), effective screening, and specific management in HIV(+) patients are urgently needed.


Assuntos
Carcinoma Hepatocelular/epidemiologia , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/patologia , Coinfecção/complicações , Infecções por HIV/complicações , Neoplasias Hepáticas/epidemiologia , Neoplasias Hepáticas/patologia , Adulto , Idoso , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/virologia , Coinfecção/virologia , Feminino , Seguimentos , HIV/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por HIV/virologia , Hepacivirus/isolamento & purificação , Hepatite B/complicações , Hepatite B/virologia , Vírus da Hepatite B/isolamento & purificação , Hepatite C/complicações , Hepatite C/virologia , Humanos , Neoplasias Hepáticas/virologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Moçambique/epidemiologia , Prognóstico , Fatores de Risco
11.
PLoS One ; 13(1): e0190775, 2018.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29320552

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in Mozambique is one of the highest in the world, though in spite of this the prevalence of occult hepatitis B infection (OBI) is unknown. OBJECTIVES: This study was conducted with the aim to investigate the prevalence of OBI and frequency of isolated hepatitis B core antibody (anti-HBc alone) among antiretroviral (ART) naïve HIV-positive patients in Mozambique. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in two health facilities within Maputo city. All ART-naive HIV seropositive patients attending outpatient clinics between June and October 2012 were consecutively enrolled. Blood samples were drawn from each participant and used for serological measurement of HBV surface antigen (HBsAg), antibodies against HBV surface antigen (anti-HBs) and antibodies against core antigen (anti-HBc) using ELISA. Quantification of HBV DNA was performed by real time PCR. A questionnaire was used to obtain demographics and clinical data. RESULTS: Of the 518 ART-naive HIV-positive subjects enrolled in the study, 90.9% (471/518) were HBsAg negative. Among HBsAg negative, 45.2% (213/471) had isolated anti-HBc antibodies, and the frequency of OBI among patients with anti-HBc alone was 8.3% (17/206). OBI was not correlated either with CD4+ T cells count or transaminases levels. A total of 11.8% of patients with OBI presented elevated HBV DNA level. Frequency of individuals with APRI score > 2 and FIB-4 score > 3.25 was higher in patients with OBI as compared not exposed, immune and anti-HBc alone patients. CONCLUSION: Our data demonstrate for the first time that OBI is prevalent among HIV patients in Mozambique, and will be missed using the commonly available serological assays that measures HBsAg.


Assuntos
Fármacos Anti-HIV/uso terapêutico , Infecções por HIV/complicações , Hepatite B/diagnóstico , Adulto , Estudos Transversais , DNA Viral/genética , Feminino , Hepatite B/complicações , Vírus da Hepatite B/genética , Vírus da Hepatite B/isolamento & purificação , Humanos , Masculino , Moçambique , Carga Viral
12.
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses ; 34(2): 193-205, 2018 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28969431

RESUMO

We assessed the safety and immunogenicity of HIV-DNA priming using Zetajet™, a needle-free device intradermally followed by intramuscular HIV-MVA boosts, in 24 healthy Mozambicans. Volunteers were randomized to receive three immunizations of 600 µg (n = 10; 2 × 0.1 ml) or 1,200 µg (n = 10; 2 × 0.2 ml) of HIV-DNA (3 mg/ml), followed by two boosts of 108 pfu HIV-MVA. Four subjects received placebo saline injections. Vaccines and injections were safe and well tolerated with no difference between the two priming groups. After three HIV-DNA immunizations, IFN-γ ELISpot responses to Gag were detected in 9/17 (53%) vaccinees, while none responded to Envelope (Env). After the first HIV-MVA, the overall response rate to Gag and/or Env increased to 14/15 (93%); 14/15 (93%) to Gag and 13/15 (87%) to Env. There were no significant differences between the immunization groups in frequency of response to Gag and Env or magnitude of Gag responses. Env responses were significantly higher in the higher dose group (median 420 vs. 157.5 SFC/million peripheral blood mononuclear cell, p = .014). HIV-specific antibodies to subtype C gp140 and subtype B gp160 were elicited in all vaccinees after the second HIV-MVA, without differences in titers between the groups. Neutralizing antibody responses were not detected. Two (13%) of 16 vaccinees, one in each of the priming groups, exhibited antibodies mediating antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity to CRF01_AE. In conclusion, HIV-DNA vaccine delivered intradermally in volumes of 0.1-0.2 ml using Zetajet was safe and well tolerated. Priming with the 1,200 µg dose of HIV-DNA generated higher magnitudes of ELISpot responses to Env.


Assuntos
Vacinas contra a AIDS/administração & dosagem , Vacinas contra a AIDS/imunologia , HIV-1/imunologia , Esquemas de Imunização , Vacinas de DNA/imunologia , Vacinas contra a AIDS/efeitos adversos , Administração Cutânea , Adolescente , Adulto , Anticorpos Neutralizantes/sangue , Método Duplo-Cego , Efeitos Colaterais e Reações Adversas Relacionados a Medicamentos/epidemiologia , Efeitos Colaterais e Reações Adversas Relacionados a Medicamentos/patologia , ELISPOT , Feminino , Anticorpos Anti-HIV/sangue , HIV-1/genética , Humanos , Injeções Intramusculares , Interferon gama/análise , Leucócitos Mononucleares/imunologia , Masculino , Moçambique , Placebos/administração & dosagem , Resultado do Tratamento , Vacinas de DNA/administração & dosagem , Vacinas de DNA/efeitos adversos , Vacinas Sintéticas/administração & dosagem , Vacinas Sintéticas/imunologia , Voluntários , Adulto Jovem , Produtos do Gene env do Vírus da Imunodeficiência Humana/imunologia , Produtos do Gene gag do Vírus da Imunodeficiência Humana/imunologia
14.
PLoS One ; 12(7): e0181836, 2017.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28759595

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: HIV/ HBV coinfected patients are at high risk of developing chronic HBV infection, liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. In Mozambique, where HIV prevalence is one of the highest in the world, HIV-infected patients are scarcely characterized in terms of HBV coinfection and 3TC-resistance mutations profile. METHODS: To characterize ART-naïve HIV-infected adults, with and without HBV coinfection, a cross-sectional study was conducted between May and November 2012 in two health centers from Maputo city, Mozambique. Subjects were consecutively enrolled in the study and, then, tested for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). Moreover, CD4+ T cells count, HBV DNA in plasma, HBV genotyping and 3TC-resistance mutations profile of HBV were assessed in HIV/HBV coinfected patients. RESULTS: In total, 518 patients were enrolled in the study. The median age was 33 years old and 66.8% were women. The median CD4+ T cells count was 361 cells/mm3 and 47 (9.1%) were coinfected with HBV. Out of 46 coinfected patients, 24 (55.2%) had HBV DNA ≥ 20 - < 20 000 and 12 (26.1%) had HBV-DNA ≥20 000. APRI > 2.0 was reported in 4.3% of coinfected and 1.7% of monoinfected patients (p = 0.228), while FIB-4 > 3.25 was reported in 4.4% of coinfected and 1.3% of monoinfected patients (p = 0.112). Genotype A was the most frequent, identified in 25/27 (92.6%) patients, whereas genotype E was present in 2/27 (7.4%) patients. No patient had 3TC-resistance mutations. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that HBV coinfection was prevalent among ART-naïve HIV-infected adults in Mozambique. Overall, these data highlight the importance of screening HBV coinfection as an integrated measure of HIV routine care to improve health conditions and treatment of HIV/HBV coinfected patients.


Assuntos
Coinfecção/epidemiologia , Infecções por HIV/complicações , Hepatite B Crônica/complicações , Adulto , Linfócitos T CD4-Positivos/citologia , Estudos de Coortes , Estudos Transversais , DNA Viral/sangue , Progressão da Doença , Farmacorresistência Viral/genética , Feminino , Variação Genética , Genótipo , Infecções por HIV/virologia , Antígenos de Superfície da Hepatite B/sangue , Vírus da Hepatite B/genética , Hepatite B Crônica/virologia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Moçambique , Mutação , Prevalência , Fatores de Risco , Classe Social
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