RESUMO
Introduction: Coffee has been inversely associated with Parkinson's disease (PD) in many studies, and caffeine is the leading candidate to mediate this effect. Mate (Ilex paraguariensis, IP), a caffeinated beverage rich in antioxidants consumed in South America, was also inversely associated with PD in one study from Argentina. Other varieties of IP infusion, such as chimarrão, were never studied in PD. Chimarrão is a common caffeinated beverage consumed in Brazil made with the leaves and stems of IP. Methods: A case-control study was conducted to evaluate the relationship between chimarrão ingestion and PD in southern Brazil. All subjects answered a questionnaire about the frequency of chimarrão and coffee intake. A multiple regression analysis adjusted for age and sex was performed to assess the association between PD and chimarrão consumption. Results: We included 200 PD patients and 200 healthy controls. High consumption of chimarrão was inversely associated with PD (OR = 0.44, 95% CI = 0.24-0.81, P = 0.008). High consumption of coffee was also inversely associated with PD, as expected. Chimarrão remained associated when adjusted for coffee consumption, smoking history, and age (OR 0.46, 95% CI = 0.25-0.86, P = 0.014). These two exposures showed an additive effect. Conclusion: Chimarrão consumption was inversely associated with PD, even after adjusting for coffee intake, suggesting a possible protective role. IP's effect can be mediated by caffeine and through its antioxidant components. Chimarrão has a lower concentration of caffeine compared with coffee and has numerous substances with antioxidative effects that may be important to PD protection. Further studies are needed to test this hypothesis.
RESUMO
OBJETIVO: Avaliar o impacto da disfagia na qualidade de vida (QV) de indivíduos com Doença de Parkinson (DP) através do instrumento recomendado para essa população. MÉTODOS: Participaram deste estudo pacientes com diagnóstico de DP. Todos os participantes foram submetidos à avaliação fonoaudiológica de deglutição com as consitências sólida (pão francês) e líquida (água), responderam ao PDQ-39 e tiveram o estadiamento da DP classificado pela escala de Hoehn &Yahr. RESULTADOS: Foram avaliados 31 indivíduos com DP, sendo 21 (67,7%) do gênero masculino. A média de idade foi 59,6 anos (± 11,3), variando de 38 a 79 anos e o tempo doença desde o diagnóstico foi, em média, 9,8 (±4,8) anos. A disfagia esteve presente em 74,2% dos indivíduos avaliados e na correlação entre o PDQ-39 total e a presença de disfagia houve significância apenas no domínio estigma. CONCLUSÃO: Em indivíduos com DP avaliados através do PDQ-39 não fica evidente o impacto da disfagia na percepção de QV dessa população.
OBJECTIVE: To assess the impact of dysphagia on the overall quality of life (QOL) of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) through the tool recommended for this population. METHODS: The study included 31 patients diagnosed with PD. All participants underwent clinical assessment of swallowing the solid consistency (French bread) and liquid (water), answered to the PDQ-39 and had the staging of PD classified by Hoehn & Yahr scale. RESULTS: We evalueted 31 subjects with PD, 21 (67.7%) were male. The mean age was 59.6 years (± 11.3), ranging from 38 to 79 years and the disease time since diagnosis was on average 9.8 (± 4.8) years. Dysphagia was present in 74.2% of the individuals and the correlation between the PDQ-39 the presence of dysphagia was significant only in stigma domain. CONCLUSION: In patients with PD assessed by PDQ-39 is not evident the impact of dysphagia on the perception of overall QoL of this population.