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1.
Pol Arch Intern Med ; 134(2)2024 02 28.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38226581

RESUMO

There is an increasing interest in using popular diets to manage inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), such as ulcerative colitis and Crohn disease. These conditions are often associated with nutritional deficiencies, protein­energy malnutrition, micronutrient malnutrition, altered body composition, and sarcopenia. While dietary interventions can be supportive in treating intestinal symptoms of adult IBD patients, it is important to note that current guidelines from major scientific societies do not recommend any specific dietary interventions in this field. This review aims to provide a summary of the current evidence on dietary­nutritional management for patients with IBD, specifically when the disease appears to be in remission, but the patient continues to experience irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) symptoms or functional gastrointestinal symptoms. We focus on vital aspects, such as malnutrition and sarcopenia definitions, screening, and nutritional assessment. We then discuss in detail the most popular diets used for IBD management over the years, characterizing each one in terms of effects on gut inflammation, IBS­like symptoms, and potential risk of malnutrition. These diets include a low­fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols diet, a gluten­free diet, a Mediterranean diet, and a plant­based diet. To date, current evidence does not conclusively establish the optimal diet for patients with IBS, suggesting that personalized dietary approaches may be the best strategy.


Assuntos
Doenças Inflamatórias Intestinais , Síndrome do Intestino Irritável , Desnutrição , Sarcopenia , Adulto , Humanos , Síndrome do Intestino Irritável/terapia , Avaliação Nutricional , Doenças Inflamatórias Intestinais/complicações , Doenças Inflamatórias Intestinais/terapia , Dieta Livre de Glúten , Desnutrição/etiologia , Desnutrição/terapia
2.
Sci Rep ; 8(1): 12624, 2018 08 22.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30135518

RESUMO

Binge drinking (BD) is a common pattern of alcohol consumption among adolescents. At present few data are available on the possible relationship between BD and alcohol use disorders (AUD) in adolescents. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of BD and relationship between BD behavior and AUD among adolescents. A total of 2704 students attending 10 purposively selected high schools from three Italian provinces were surveyed. Questionnaires regarding socio-demographic data, pattern and amount of alcohol intake, smoking habits, use of illicit drugs, and physical activity were administered. AUD and affective disorders were also evaluated. Alcohol intake was reported by 2126 participants; 1278 reported at least one episode BD in the last year and 715 in the last month. A diagnosis of AUD was made in 165 adolescents. The prevalence of AUD was higher in adolescents that reported BD behavior than in those that did not report BD (11.6% vs 0.9%, respectively; p < 0.0001). Logistic regression showed a positive relationship between a diagnosis of AUD and BD behavior (OR 9.6; 95% CI 4.7-22·9; p < 0.0001). In conclusion alcohol consumption with the pattern of BD among adolescents is highly related to development of AUD.


Assuntos
Alcoolismo/epidemiologia , Consumo Excessivo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/epidemiologia , Consumo Excessivo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/psicologia , Adolescente , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Etanol , Feminino , Humanos , Itália , Masculino , Prevalência , Instituições Acadêmicas , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Estudantes/psicologia , Inquéritos e Questionários , Adulto Jovem
4.
Am J Gastroenterol ; 102(1): 132-6, 2007 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17100982

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: The pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease seems to depend on the combination of genetic and environmental factors. To evaluate genetic susceptibility, one approach is to search for specific markers in apparently unaffected family members of patients. Our aim was to evaluate fecal calprotectin concentrations (FCCs) in first-degree relatives of patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). PATIENTS: Fifty-five patients with UC and 167 healthy first-degree relatives were recruited; 38 of the patients' spouses were also enrolled. One hundred fifty healthy subjects participated as the control group. METHODS: FCCs were determined by ELISA. FCCs were compared among the groups by Kruskal-Wallis analysis of variance (ANOVA) test followed by Mann-Whitney U test. RESULTS: Significantly greater FCCs were found in first-degree relatives of patients with UC (76.0 [34.7-129.6] microg/g) as compared with controls (31.6 [17.0-45.0]) (P < 0.0001). Fecal calprotectin levels in patients with UC (256.0 [153.0-356.0] microg/g) were significantly higher as compared with first-degree relatives, spouses (43.8 [18.6-89.0] microg/g), and controls (P < 0.0001 for all comparisons). FCC of relatives was significantly higher than FCC of spouses (P = 0.01). FCC of spouses had a significantly higher FCC with respect to controls (P = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: First-degree relatives of patients with UC had greater FCC values and could have a subclinical intestinal inflammation. It needs to be clarified if this finding is the consequence of genetic predisposition, of environmental factors, or the interaction of both, and if relatives with high FCC have a greater risk of developing the disease.


Assuntos
Colite Ulcerativa/genética , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Complexo Antígeno L1 Leucocitário/genética , Adulto , Idoso , Análise de Variância , Colite Ulcerativa/metabolismo , Fezes/química , Feminino , Humanos , Complexo Antígeno L1 Leucocitário/metabolismo , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estatísticas não Paramétricas
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