Risk factors for acute renal failure in nephrectomized patients treated in a university hospital.

BACKGROUND: New surgical techniques for nephrectomy mainly related to early diagnosis made possible by advances in imaging studies have been developed in recent decades. However, postoperative renal dysfunction is a constant concern because of the major problems faced by healthcare services and by the patients themselves. To assess risk factors for developing acute renal failure (ARF) in patients submitted to nephrectomy in a university hospital. METHODS: Seventy-seven patients submitted to nephrectomy for benign and malignant diseases in a university hospital were evaluated in respect to preoperative and postoperative creatinine clearance. Demographic (gender, age), clinical (cancer, diabetes, high blood pressure, chronic kidney disease) and surgical (anesthesia time, open or laparoscopic surgery) variables were also analyzed. RESULTS: Of the 77 patients, 72 met the inclusion criteria. Of these, ten (13.8%) had a diagnosis of chronic renal failure (CRF), 30 (48%) had stage I ARF and one (16.1%) had stage II ARF. The anesthesia time, type of surgery (open or laparoscopy), total or partial nephrectomy, the side of the procedure, hypertension, diabetes, CRF, renal cancer, preoperative and postoperative creatinine concentrations were analyzed. Only the difference between preoperative and postoperative creatinine clearance was clinically significant (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: An altered preoperative renal function is a risk factor for the development of ARF in nephrectomized patients.

Synthesis, characterization and solid-state photoluminescence studies of six alkoxy phenylene ethynylene dinuclear palladium(II) rods.

A rare family of six discrete binuclear [PdCl(PEt3)2] phenylene ethynylene rods with alkoxy side chains (methoxy, ethoxy and heptoxy) have been developed, and their solid-state photoluminescence results have been presented and discussed. The shorter bridging ligands are of the general formula H-C≡C-C6H2(R)2-C≡C-H, where R = H, OCH3, OC2H5, and OC7H15, whereas the longer ones are based on H-C≡C-C6H4-C≡C-C6H2(R)2-C≡C-C6H4-C≡C-H, where R = OCH3, OC2H5. These ligands display increasing length in both the main dimension (backbone length) as well as the number of carbons in the side chains (R, alkoxide side chain) that stem from the central phenylene moiety. The X-ray crystal structures of two of the prepared complexes are reported: one corresponds to a shorter rod, 1,4-bis[trans-(PEt3)2ClPd-C≡C]-2,5-diethoxybenzene (6c), while the second one is associated with a longer rod, the binuclear complex 1,4-bis[trans-(PEt3)2ClPd-4-(-C≡C-C6H4-C≡C)]-2,5-diethoxybenzene (7c). All new compounds were characterized by NMR spectroscopy ((1)H, (13)C{(1)H} and (31)P{(1)H}) as well as ESI-MS(TOF), EA, FTIR, UV-Vis, cyclic voltammetry and solid-state photoluminescence. Our work shows the influence of the alkoxy side chains on the electronic structure of the family of binuclear Pd rods by lowering its oxidation potential. In addition to this, the increase of the length of the bridge results in a higher oxidation potential. Solid state photoluminescence results indicate that Pd complexes are characterized by a marked decrease in both the emission intensity and the fluorescence lifetime values as compared to their ligands. This behaviour could be due to some degree of ligand-to-metal charge transfer.

Chromosomal aneuploidies in bladder cancer, chronic cystitis and normal urothelium detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization

O presente trabalho investigou a ocorrência de anomalias cromossômicas numéricas em lesões dabexiga que possam auxiliar no diagnóstico precoce. A técnica de Hibridação in situ Fluorescente(FISH) foi aplicada para identificar tais anomalias nos cromossomos 7, 9 e 17 em núcleos interfásicosde 14 amostras de tumores da bexiga frescos (13 carcinomas de células transicionais, TCC, e 1carcinoma anaplásico indiferenciado, UAC), e 5 amostras derivadas de pacientes com TCC (2cistites crônicas e 3 biopsias de urotélio macroscopicamente normais). As anomalias mais freqüentesnos tumores malignos da bexiga foram trissomia/tetrassomia 7 (6/14=43 por cento), trissomia/tetrassomia17 (7/14=50 por cento) e monossomia 9 (4/14=29 por cento). As duas amostras de cistites crônicas apresentarammonossomia 9, uma das amostras de urotélio macroscopicamente normal exibiu resultado semelhante(polissomia 7, 9 e 17) ao do tecido tumoral correspondente. Dois carcinomas, um grau IV invasivo(TCC13) e um primário invasivo (UAC14), exibiram trissomia e tetrassomia 7, 9 e 17 sugerindoa ocorrência de poliploidia. Tais resultados reforçam o envolvimento dos cromossomos 7, 9 e 17 nacarcinogênese urotelial. As alterações dos cromossomos 7 e 9 estão relacionadas com os processo deiniciação e do cromossomo 17 com progressão e recorrência tumoral. Os resultados também suportama hipótese de que as cistites crônicas e o urotélio normal de pacientes com carcinoma de bexigapodem conter anormalidades cromossômicas importantes, que podem predizer risco para progressãoe recorrência tumoral. Assim, a técnica de FISH pode ser uma ferramenta útil para o diagnósticoprecoce, em pacientes com risco de desenvolver a doença e acompanhamento em casos de recorrênciae metástases.

Poliploidia em células cultivadas de lesões de próstata / Polyploidy in cultured cells of prostate lesions

O câncer prostático é uma das neoplasias mais frequentes em homens e, apesar da sua alta incidência na população, os dados citogenéticos são limitados quando comparados com outros tumores sólidos comuns. Esse fato provavelmente decorre das dificuldades referentes ao cultivo de suas células e, consequentente, da obtenção de boas preparações cromossômicas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar com técnicas citogenéticas, após culturas de curta duração, quatro adenocarcinomas prostáticos, três hiperplasias nodulares da próstata e duas prostatites crônicas. Todas as amostras apresentaram células com número cromossômico próximo ao tetraplóide e, em alguns adenocarcinomas, foram observados cromossomos em anel, double minutes, figuras trirradiais e fragmentos acêntricos