Mapping land-use and land-cover changes through the integration of satellite and airborne remote sensing data.

An integrated, remotely sensed approach to assess land-use and land-cover change (LULCC) dynamics plays an important role in environmental monitoring, management, and policy development. In this study, we utilized the advantage of land-cover seasonality, canopy height, and spectral characteristics to develop a phenology-based classification model (PCM) for mapping the annual LULCC in our study areas. Monthly analysis of normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and near-infrared (NIR) values derived from SPOT images enabled the detection of temporal characteristics of each land type, serving as crucial indices for land type classification. The integration of normalized difference built-up index (NDBI) derived from Landsat images and airborne LiDAR canopy height into the PCM resulted in an overall performance of 0.85, slightly surpassing that of random forest analysis or principal component analysis. The development of PCM can reduce the time and effort required for manual classification and capture annual LULCC changes among five major land types: forests, built-up land, inland water, agriculture land, and grassland/shrubs. The gross change LULCC analysis for the Taoyuan Tableland demonstrated fluctuations in land types over the study period (2013 to 2022). A negative correlation (r = - 0.79) in area changes between grassland/shrubs and agricultural land and a positive correlation (r = 0.47) between irrigation ponds and agricultural land were found. Event-based LULCC analysis for Taipei City demonstrated a balance between urbanization and urban greening, with the number of urbanization events becoming comparable to urban greening events when the spatial extent of LULCC events exceeds 1000 m2. Besides, small-scale urban greening events are frequently discovered and distributed throughout the metropolitan area of Taipei City, emphasizing the localized nature of urban greening events.

Bischler-Napieralski Synthesis of Polycyclic N-Heteroaromatics Based on Tf2O-Promoted Electrophilic Activation of N-Aryl-2-Propynamides.

2-Propynamides have been never used as substrates in classic and Tf2O-promoted Bischler-Napieralski reactions. In this article, a novel tandem synthesis of benzo[a]acridines is developed from N-aryl-2-propynamides and alkynes consisting of a Tf2O-promoted intermolecular Bischler-Napieralski reaction and a TfOH-promoted intramolecular Friedel-Crafts reaction.

A Systematic Review of the Effects of Skin-to-Skin Contact on Biomarkers of Stress in Preterm Infants and Parents.

BACKGROUND: Premature infants and their parents experience significant stress related to separation and lifesaving procedures. While evidence suggests that skin-to-skin contact (SSC) is a stress-reducing intervention for both neonates and parents, the mechanisms that underlie its efficacy are not well understood. OBJECTIVE: Purpose of this systematic review is to summarize the current state of knowledge on changes in biomarkers (ie, oxytocin [OT], cortisol, hypoxanthine, xanthine, uric acid, and allantoin), associated with SSC in premature infants and parents, that may reflect physiologic responses to stress. METHODS: A comprehensive literature search was conducted from 1990 to 2020. Studies were selected using prespecified inclusion and exclusion criteria. RESULTS: Of the 175 studies identified, only 19 are included in this review. Ten studies evaluated only infants, 2 evaluated only parents, and 7 evaluated for changes in biomarkers in both infants and parents. Cortisol was the most common biomarker evaluated. While changes in infants' cortisol levels were highly variable, in 55% of the parent studies, parent cortisol levels decreased following SSC. In both parents and infants, OT levels decreased following SSC. Only 1 study found that allantoin levels were significantly lower in infants who received SSC. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE AND RESEARCH: While evidence suggests the numerous benefits of SSC, additional research is needed to identify the optimal biomarker to determine the mechanisms that underlie these effects. The use of novel biomarkers (eg, gene expression changes microbiome) may provide new insights into the mechanisms that underlie the efficacy of SSC.Video Abstract available at:https://journals.lww.com/advancesinneonatalcare/Pages/videogallery.aspx?autoPlay=false&videoId=48.

Hospital healthcare professionals' knowledge of dementia and attitudes towards dementia care: A cross-sectional study.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To explore hospital healthcare professionals' knowledge and attitudes towards dementia care in China. BACKGROUND: Hospital healthcare professionals deliver most diagnosis and treatment for people with dementia in China. Literature shows that healthcare professionals' knowledge and attitudes are of great importance in providing optimum dementia care. However, there is limited research of healthcare professionals' dementia knowledge and attitudes within hospital contexts in China. DESIGN: A cross-sectional survey was conducted between April and December 2019. METHODS: A self-report questionnaire composed of demographics and knowledge and attitude scales related to dementia was used for doctors and registered nurses working in settings where people with dementia are cared for in eleven public tertiary hospitals in Hebei Province, China. The STROBE checklist was adhered to in this study. RESULTS: In total, 603 healthcare professionals completed the study. The majority of respondents were registered nurses (71.3%). The overall mean knowledge score was 20.7 (SD = 2.9) out of a maximum possible score of 30. The overall mean score for attitudes was 91.3 (SD = 15.9) out of a maximum possible score of 140. Standard multiple linear regression analysis revealed that the highest level of education, the experience of searching for dementia-related information and willingness to receive dementia training or education were significant predictors of knowledge scores. The department, the experience of working with people with dementia, length of dementia care, interest in dementia care and training type were significant predictors of attitude scores. CONCLUSIONS: Deficits in the knowledge of dementia and a low level of positive attitude were identified among the healthcare professionals who work in hospital settings where people with dementia are cared for in China. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: Education and training in dementia care should be integrated into undergraduate nursing and medical programmes and provided for healthcare professionals after commencing employment.

Healthcare professionals' dementia knowledge and attitudes towards dementia care and family carers' perceptions of dementia care in China: An integrative review.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To establish an understanding of healthcare professionals' dementia knowledge and attitudes towards dementia care, and family carers' perceptions of dementia care in China. BACKGROUND: Healthcare professionals and family carers of people with dementia deliver most of the dementia care in China. However, little research on healthcare professionals' dementia knowledge and attitudes towards dementia care, and family carers' dementia care perceptions has been conducted in China. METHODS: An integrative review was conducted and reported based on the PRISMA guidelines and Whittemore and Knafl's framework. Eight English databases were searched without date restriction: CINAHL Plus with Full Text, MEDLINE, PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Embase, PsycINFO and Scopus; and three Chinese databases: China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chongqing Weipu and Wanfang, plus a manual search of reference lists. RESULTS: Thirty-eight primary research papers were included in the review. Three themes were identified from the synthesis: (a) knowledge and competency; (b) attitudes towards dementia care; and (c) carers' burden and unmet needs. Healthcare professionals' dementia knowledge ranged from low to moderate levels and attitudes towards dementia care were generally negative. With low levels of knowledge of dementia and negative attitudes including stigma, family carers were under stress with insufficient support, and they expected more support from community nurses. CONCLUSIONS: There is an apparent need for a national policy on healthcare professional education and training to improve dementia care practice in China. Such a policy may improve support services for family carers. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: Nurses, and particularly community nurses, are well-positioned to support family carers in China. However, healthcare professionals in China are not prepared for this. Therefore, education and training on dementia care should be integrated into medical and nursing undergraduate programmes and provided for healthcare professionals after commencing employment, and strategies to reduce stigma are needed.

A systematic review of artificial intelligence chatbots for promoting physical activity, healthy diet, and weight loss.

BACKGROUND: This systematic review aimed to evaluate AI chatbot characteristics, functions, and core conversational capacities and investigate whether AI chatbot interventions were effective in changing physical activity, healthy eating, weight management behaviors, and other related health outcomes. METHODS: In collaboration with a medical librarian, six electronic bibliographic databases (PubMed, EMBASE, ACM Digital Library, Web of Science, PsycINFO, and IEEE) were searched to identify relevant studies. Only randomized controlled trials or quasi-experimental studies were included. Studies were screened by two independent reviewers, and any discrepancy was resolved by a third reviewer. The National Institutes of Health quality assessment tools were used to assess risk of bias in individual studies. We applied the AI Chatbot Behavior Change Model to characterize components of chatbot interventions, including chatbot characteristics, persuasive and relational capacity, and evaluation of outcomes. RESULTS: The database search retrieved 1692 citations, and 9 studies met the inclusion criteria. Of the 9 studies, 4 were randomized controlled trials and 5 were quasi-experimental studies. Five out of the seven studies suggest chatbot interventions are promising strategies in increasing physical activity. In contrast, the number of studies focusing on changing diet and weight status was limited. Outcome assessments, however, were reported inconsistently across the studies. Eighty-nine and thirty-three percent of the studies specified a name and gender (i.e., woman) of the chatbot, respectively. Over half (56%) of the studies used a constrained chatbot (i.e., rule-based), while the remaining studies used unconstrained chatbots that resemble human-to-human communication. CONCLUSION: Chatbots may improve physical activity, but we were not able to make definitive conclusions regarding the efficacy of chatbot interventions on physical activity, diet, and weight management/loss. Application of AI chatbots is an emerging field of research in lifestyle modification programs and is expected to grow exponentially. Thus, standardization of designing and reporting chatbot interventions is warranted in the near future. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO): CRD42020216761 .

Bischler-Napieralski Synthesis of 6-Alkynyl Phenanthridines Based on Tf2O-Promoted Electrophilic Activation of N-Aryl-2-propynamides.

An efficient method for the synthesis of 6-alkynyl phenanthridines was developed. The method offered the first example to use 2-propynamides as substrates in the Bischler-Napieralski reaction and to create alkynylnitrilium triflates as new active intermediates in organic synthesis.

Tandem Synthesis of 1,3-Disubstituted Naphthalenes via TfOH-Promoted Directed-Aldol and Friedel-Crafts Reactions.

A TfOH-promoted tandem synthesis of 1,3-disubstituted naphthalenes is developed via a directed-aldol reaction and a Friedel-Crafts reaction. Two new C-C bonds and one new benzene ring are created efficiently in one pot due to the discovery of a TfOH-promoted highly chemoselective directed-aldol reaction between two different ketones with α-hydrogens.

General Synthesis of Fully Substituted 4-Aminooxazoles from Amides and 1,4,2-Dioxazol-5-ones Based on Amide Activation and Umpolung Process.

A general and efficient synthesis of fully substituted 4-aminodixazoles was developed based on the strategies of amide activation and umpolung reaction. In this method, 1,4,2-dioxazol-5-ones were introduced as a rare type of umpolung reagent bearing a nucleophilic N-atom that could be used well together with the activating agent Tf2O. Because 1,4,2-dioxazol-5-ones played triple roles as an umpolung reagent, a substrate, and a weak base, the method proceeded smoothly under extremely convenient conditions.

The effectiveness of nurse-led interventions for preventing urinary tract infections in older adults in residential aged care facilities: A systematic review.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To explore the effectiveness of nurse-led interventions to prevent urinary tract infections in older adults living in residential aged care facilities. BACKGROUND: While most empirical studies focus on the treatment of urinary tract infections, few studies have examined the effectiveness of nurse-led interventions in preventing urinary tract infections. DESIGN: Systematic review. METHODS: Eight electronic databases were searched for relevant studies published between 2008-2018. The inclusion criteria were as follows: (a) a focus on older adults, (b) evaluation of nurse-led interventions, focusing on prevention of urinary tract infection, (c) implemented in residential aged care facilities, and (d) outcomes reported as incidence or prevalence of urinary tract infection. The selected papers were critically appraised using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. The data were analysed with narrative synthesis, and findings were reported following the PRISMA guidelines. RESULTS: A review of 1,614 titles and abstracts identified four studies that met the inclusion criteria. Three types of nurse-led interventions were identified: (a) the appointment of advanced practice nurses, (b) those focused on a single specific nursing intervention, and (c) implementation of a multicomponent nursing intervention. All included studies reported at least some positive outcomes. However, the included studies were highly heterogeneous and it was impossible to determine the most effective intervention approach. CONCLUSIONS: Nurses are leaders in health care and are well placed to lead prevention of urinary tract infections in residential aged care; however, evidence of the effectiveness of a nurse-led approach is limited. High-quality randomised controlled trials are warranted to address the knowledge gap and advance practice in this area. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: When developing an effective nurse-led intervention programme, the programme should be grounded in nurse-led principles and consider the complex staffing factors to ensure that nurse-led programmes are tailored to an effective level.

[Discussion on historical evolution and modern research progress of Sesami Semen Nigrum processing based on visual thinking].

Sesami Semen Nigrum has a long history of dual use(medicine and food). The research of its processing technology is related to the development and utilization of its own "medicine-food balance" feature, which is the basis for Sesami Semen Nigrum to realize the modernization of technology and standardization of quality. Due to its various processing methods and the long history span, the traditional medical classics(from the end of Han Dynasty to the Republic of China), modern standard specification and researches on processing were sorted out with the help of database and document mining technology, and the visual thinking was adopted to analyze the evolution trend of Sesami Semen Nigrum processing methods. In addition, the processing characteristics of Sesami Semen Nigrum in various periods and effect of processing on its chemical compositions and pharmacological effect were briefly described to explore the differences and their reasons in the processing of Sesami Semen Nigrum from ancient times to the present time, aiming to provide an idea and documentary basis for the study of traditional processing technology.

[Textual research on Sojae Semen Nigrum].

In this paper, the name, origin and producing area of Sojae Semen Nigrum were studied to provide the basis for the selection of medicinal varieties of Sojae Semen Nigrum. The textual research of this herbal was carried out through the textual research of ancient and modern literature and the comparative study of botany, combined with agricultural archaeology and the investigation of adulterant products. Before Qin Dynasty, the Sojae Semen Nigrums had not been selected, and the edible beans should only be Glycine soja. From Qin to the Northern and Southern dynasties, the Sojae Semen Nigrums G. max were selected,but the medicinal Sojae Semen Nigrum was G. soja. After Tang Dynasty, Sojae Semen Nigrums were recorded more, the medicinal Sojae Semen Nigrums referred to G. soja,G. max and G. gracilis. In modern times, G. soja was hardly to use as the medicine. The harvest time is August or September, and there are many processing methods, such as frying, making tofu, making Semen Sojae Praeparatum, boiling, boiling with auxiliary materials, germination, etc. The quality evaluation of Sojae Semen Nigrum was consistent in past dynasties, and it was considered that "it is better for those who are tight and small". Before Tang Dynasty, the better should only be G. soja. After the Qing Dynasty, the better should be green cotyledon varieties of G. max,which are recommended. In addition, there are many varieties of Sojae Semen Nigrum. It is hoped that that the scientific researchers of traditional Chinese medicine can use modern technology to distinguish the efficacy of Sojae Semen Nigrum with green and yellow cotyledon, and make a comparison between large and small Sojae Semen Nigrum. The results provide scientific basis for the selection of medicinal varieties of Sojae Semen Nigrum.

Water Vapor Does Not Catalyze the Reaction between Methanol and OH Radicals.

Recent reports [Jara-Toro et al., Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2017, 56, 2166 and PCCP 2018, 20, 27885] suggest that the rate coefficient of OH reactions with alcohols would increase by up to two times in going from dry to high humidity. This finding would have an impact on the budget of alcohols in the atmosphere and it may explain differences in measured and modeled methanol concentrations. The results were based on a relative technique carried out in a small Teflon bag, which might suffer from wall reactions. The effect was reinvestigated using a direct fluorescence probe of OH radicals, and no catalytic effect of H2 O could be found. Experiments in a Teflon bag were also carried out, but the results of Jara-Toro et al. were not reproducible. Further theoretical calculations show that the water-mediated reactions have negligible rates compared to the bare reaction and that even though water molecules can lower the barriers of reactions, they cannot make up for the entropy cost.

The association of flavored milk consumption with milk and energy intake, and obesity: A systematic review.

Taxes on sugary drinks are being implemented to prevent chronic diseases. Sugar-sweetened milk has been exempt from such policies because of its nutritional value. This systematic review sought to examine whether flavored milk consumption was associated with milk and energy intake, and obesity among children. A search of PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane, CINAHL, Web of Science, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and the grey literature was conducted for peer-reviewed publications published before June 6, 2016 that met the following criteria: 1) English-language publications 2) studies of children ages 1 to 18 years, 3) controlled experimental, cohort, case-control, systematic reviews, or meta-analysis studies 4) dependent variable: flavored milk consumption 5) independent variable: weight, weight gain, weight change, body mass index, metabolic syndrome, waist circumference, cholesterol, triglycerides, blood pressure, serum glucose, calories, sugar, or milk consumed. Of 3978 studies identified, 13 met inclusion criteria. Ten studies were experimental and three were longitudinal cohort studies. Eleven studies found that flavored milk increased overall milk intake, five of seven studies that examined energy intake showed that flavored milk increased energy intake, and one of three studies that assessed obesity outcomes demonstrated an increase in weight gain with flavored milk consumption. Only one study was a randomized controlled trial, most studies had high bias, and over half were industry-funded or did not disclose funding. Although flavoring milk may increase milk intake, added sugars may promote increased energy intake. More data regarding flavored milk's impact on health is needed to inform its role in sugary drink policies.

Structure-dependent reactivity of Criegee intermediates studied with spectroscopic methods.

Criegee intermediates are very reactive carbonyl oxides that are formed in reactions of unsaturated hydrocarbons with ozone (ozonolysis). Recently, Criegee intermediates have gained significant attention since a new preparation method has been reported in 2012, which employs the reaction of iodoalkyl radical with molecular oxygen: for instance, CH2I + O2 → CH2OO + I. This new synthesis route can produce Criegee intermediates with a high number density, which allows direct detection of the Criegee intermediate via various spectroscopic tools, including vacuum UV photoionization mass spectrometry, absorption and action spectroscopy in the UV and IR regions, and microwave spectroscopy. Criegee intermediates have been thought to play important roles in atmospheric chemistry, such as in OH radical formation as well as oxidation of atmospheric gases such as SO2, NO2, volatile organic compounds, organic and inorganic acids, and even water. These reactions are relevant to acid rain and aerosol formation. Kinetics data including rate coefficients, product yields and their temperature and pressure dependences are important for understanding and modeling relevant atmospheric chemistry. In fundamental physical chemistry, Criegee intermediates have unique and interesting features, which have been partially revealed through spectroscopic, kinetic, and dynamic investigations. Although previous review articles have discussed Criegee intermediates, new data and knowledge on Criegee intermediates are still being accumulated. In this tutorial review, we have focused on structure-dependent reactivity of Criegee intermediates and various spectroscopic tools that have been utilized to probe the kinetics of Criegee intermediates.

Mycophenolate Mofetil Combined With Prednisone Versus Full-Dose Prednisone in IgA Nephropathy With Active Proliferative Lesions: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

BACKGROUND: Observational studies suggest that patients with immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) with active proliferative lesions show a good response to immunosuppressive treatment. STUDY DESIGN: Multicenter, prospective, randomized, controlled trial. SETTING & PARTICIPANTS: 176 patients with IgAN with active proliferative lesions (cellular and fibrocellular crescents, endocapillary hypercellularity, or necrosis), proteinuria with protein excretion ≥ 1.0g/24h, and estimated glomerular filtration rate > 30mL/min/1.73m2. INTERVENTION: Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) group: MMF, 1.5g/d, for 6 months and prednisone, 0.4 to 0.6mg/kg/d, for 2 months and then tapered by 20% per month for the next 4 months; prednisone group: prednisone, 0.8 to 1.0mg/kg/d, for 2 months and then tapered by 20% per month for the next 4 months. All patients were followed up for another 6 months. OUTCOMES: The primary end point was complete remission rate at 6 and 12 months. RESULTS: At baseline, median estimated glomerular filtration rates were 90.2 and 94.3mL/min/1.73m2 and mean proteinuria was protein excretion of 2.37 and 2.47g/24h in the MMF and prednisone groups, respectively. At 6 months, complete remission rates were 37% (32 of 86 patients) and 38% (33 of 88 patients); the between-group difference was not statistically significant (P=0.9). At 12 months, complete remission rates were 48% (35 of 73 patients) and 53% (38 of 72 patients) in the MMF and prednisone groups, respectively; the between-group difference was not statistically significant (P=0.6). Incidences of Cushing syndrome and newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus were lower in the MMF group than in the prednisone group. LIMITATIONS: Not all participants were treated with renin-angiotensin system blockers, relatively short follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: MMF plus prednisone versus full-dose prednisone did not differ in reducing proteinuria, but patients treated with the former had fewer adverse events in patients with IgAN with active proliferative lesions.

Primary care providers' cancer genetic testing-related knowledge, attitudes, and communication behaviors: A systematic review and research agenda.

BACKGROUND: Primary care providers (PCPs) can play a critical role in helping patients receive the preventive health benefits of cancer genetic risk information. Thus, the objective of this systematic review was to identify studies of US PCPs' knowledge, attitudes, and communication-related behaviors regarding genetic tests that could inform risk-stratification approaches for breast, colorectal, and prostate cancer screening in order to describe current findings and research gaps. METHODS: We conducted a systematic search of six electronic databases to identify peer-reviewed empirical articles relating to US PCPs and genetic testing for breast, colorectal, or prostate cancer published in English from 2008 to 2016. We reviewed these data and used narrative synthesis methods to integrate findings into a descriptive summary and identify research needs. RESULTS: We identified 27 relevant articles. Most focused on genetic testing for breast cancer (23/27) and colorectal cancer risk (12/27); only one study examined testing for prostate cancer risk. Most articles addressed descriptive research questions (24/27). Many studies (24/27) documented PCPs' knowledge, often concluding that providers' knowledge was incomplete. Studies commonly (11/27) examined PCPs' attitudes. Across studies, PCPs expressed some concerns about ethical, legal, and social implications of testing. Attitudes about the utility of clinical genetic testing, including for targeted cancer screening, were generally favorable; PCPs were more skeptical of direct-to-consumer testing. Relatively fewer studies (9/27) examined PCPs' communication practices regarding cancer genetic testing. DISCUSSION: This review indicates a need for investigators to move beyond descriptive research questions related to PCPs' knowledge and attitudes about cancer genetic testing. Research is needed to address important gaps regarding the development, testing, and implementation of innovative interventions and educational programs that can improve PCPs' genetic testing knowledge, assuage concerns about the appropriateness of cancer genetic testing, and promote open and effective patient-provider communication about genetic risk and genetic testing.

Copper-Catalyzed Three-Component Coupling Reaction of Azoles, Se Powder, and Aryl Iodides.

A copper-catalyzed three-component coupling reaction of azoles, Se powder, and aryl iodide is described for the first time. This transformation provides a straightforward and facile pathway to synthesis 2-arylselanyl-azoles via a copper-catalyzed double C-Se bonds formation process. This reaction is attractive and practical since the cheap copper catalyst is employed and it does not require ligands, proceeds in generally good yields, and has a broad range of functional groups tolerance.

Copper-Catalyzed Oxirane-Opening Reaction with Aryl Iodides and Se Powder.

Using Se powder as the selenating reagent, the copper-catalyzed double C-Se cross-coupling of aryl iodides, epoxides, and elemental selenium has been developed. This strategy provides a straightforward approach to the synthesis of ß-hydroxy phenylselenides with excellent regioselectivity of the ring opening reaction. This process proceeds in generally good yields and is compatible with a broad range of functional groups.

Competition between H2O and (H2O)2 reactions with CH2OO/CH3CHOO.

In this study, we performed ab initio calculations and obtained the bimolecular rate coefficients for the CH2OO/CH3CHOO reactions with H2O/(H2O)2. The energies were calculated with QCISD(T)/CBS//B3LYP/6-311+G(2d,2p) and the partition functions were estimated with anharmonic vibrational corrections by using the second order perturbation theory. Furthermore, we directly measured the rate of the CH2OO reaction with water vapor at high temperatures (348 and 358 K) to reveal the contribution of the water monomer in the CH2OO decay kinetics. We found that the theoretical rate coefficients reproduce the experimental results of CH2OO for a wide range of temperatures. For anti- (syn-) CH3CHOO, we obtained theoretical rate coefficients of 1.60 × 10(-11) (2.56 × 10(-14)) and 3.40 × 10(-14) (1.98 × 10(-19)) cm(3) s(-1) for water dimer and monomer reactions at room temperature. From the detailed analysis of the quantum chemistry and approximations for the thermochemistry calculations, we conclude that our calculated values would be within a factor of 3 of the correct values. Furthermore, at [H2O] = 1 × 10(17) to 5 × 10(17) cm(-3), we estimate that the effective first-order rate coefficients for CH2OO, anti- and syn-CH3CHOO reactions with water vapor will be ∼10(3), ∼10(4), and ∼10(1) s(-1), respectively. Thereby, for Criegee intermediates with a hydrogen atom on the same side as the terminal oxygen atom, the reaction with water vapor will likely dominate the removal processes of these CIs in the atmosphere.