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1.
Arch Microbiol ; 206(7): 286, 2024 Jun 03.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38829426

RESUMO

Controlling the hazard of sclerotia produced by the Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is very complex, and it is urgent to adopt an effective method that is harmonious environmentally to control the disease. Among the six isolates isolated from the rhizosphere of lettuce, the isolate HZA84 demonstrated a high activity in its antagonism towards Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in vitro, and produces siderophore. By amplification of internal transcribed spacer (ITS), translation elongation factor 1-alpha (TEF1-α), and RNA polymerase II subunit (RPB2) genes, the isolate HZA84 was identified as Trichoderma asperellum, which was confirmed by analysis of phylogenetic tree. The Scanning electron microscope monitoring detected that the isolate HZA84 spread over the sclerotial surface, thus, damaging, decomposing, and distorting the globular cells of the outer cortex of the sclerotia. The Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) analysis disclosed the overexpression of two genes (chit33 and chit37) encoding the endochitinase in addition to one gene (prb1) encoding the proteinase during 4 and 8 days of the parasitism behavior of isolate HZA84 on the sclerotia surface. These enzymes aligned together in the sclerotia destruction by hyperparasitism. On the other hand, the pots trial revealed that spraying of isolate HZA84 reduced the drop disease symptoms of lettuce. The disease severity was decreased by 19.33 and the biocontrol efficiency was increased by 80.67% within the fourth week of inoculation. These findings magnify the unique role of Trichoderma in disrupting the development of plant diseases in sustainable ways.


Assuntos
Ascomicetos , Lactuca , Filogenia , Doenças das Plantas , Lactuca/microbiologia , Ascomicetos/genética , Ascomicetos/fisiologia , Doenças das Plantas/microbiologia , Proteínas Fúngicas/genética , Proteínas Fúngicas/metabolismo , Rizosfera , Antibiose , Hypocreales/genética , Hypocreales/metabolismo , Hypocreales/isolamento & purificação , Microbiologia do Solo , Trichoderma/genética , Trichoderma/isolamento & purificação , Trichoderma/fisiologia , Trichoderma/metabolismo
2.
Pestic Biochem Physiol ; 200: 105807, 2024 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38582579

RESUMO

Recently, nanotechnology is among the most promising technologies used in all areas of research. The production of metal nanoparticles using plant parts has received significant attention for its environmental friendliness and effectiveness. Therefore, we investigated the possible applications of biological synthesized nickel oxide nanoparticles (NiONPs). In this study, NiONPs were synthesized through biological method using an aqueous extract of saffron stigmas (Crocus sativus L). The structure, morphology, purity, and physicochemical properties of the obtained NPs were confirmed through Scanning/Transmission Electron Microscopy attached with Energy Dispersive Spectrum, X-ray Diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared. The spherically shaped NiONPs were found by Debye Scherer's formula to have a mean dimension of 41.19 nm. The application of NiONPs in vitro at 50, 100, and 200 µg/mL, respectively, produced a clear region of 2.0, 2.2, and 2.5 cm. Treatment of Xoo cell with NiONPs reduced the growth and biofilm formation, respectively, by 88.68% and 83.69% at 200 µg/mL. Adding 200 µg/mL NiONPs into Xoo cells produced a significant amount of ROS in comparison with the control. Bacterial apoptosis increased dramatically from 1.05% (control) to 99.80% (200 µg/mL NiONPs). When compared to the control, rice plants treated with 200 µg/mL NiONPs significantly improved growth characteristics and biomass. Interestingly, the proportion of diseased leaf area in infected plants with Xoo treated with NiONPs reduced to 22% from 74% in diseased plants. Taken together, NiONPs demonstrates its effectiveness as a promising tool as a nano-bactericide in managing bacterial infection caused by Xoo.


Assuntos
Nanopartículas Metálicas , Níquel , Oryza , Xanthomonas , Oryza/microbiologia , Doenças das Plantas/prevenção & controle , Doenças das Plantas/microbiologia
3.
Environ Geochem Health ; 46(6): 191, 2024 May 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38696024

RESUMO

Pesticides are frequently used to protect crop yields and manage malaria vectors; however, their inadvertent transport into aquatic habitats poses a significant concern. Various anthropogenic activities influence the Indus River in Pakistan. This study aimed to assess the presence of eight pesticide residues at three different sites (Kalabagh, Kundian, and Chashma) in water, sediment, and the fish species (Labeo rohita) during both dry and wet seasons to measure the intensity of this pressure. Pesticide analysis was carried out using gas chromatography equipped with an electron capture detector. The results revealed the highest concentrations of pesticides during both dry and wet seasons at all sites, measuring 0.83 and 0.62 µg/l (water), 12.37 and 9.20 µg/g/dw (sediment), and 14.27 and 11.29 µg/g/ww (L. rohita), respectively. Overall, pesticide concentrations were higher in the dry season than in the wet season across all study sites. Based on detection frequency and concentration in both seasons at all sites, dominant pesticides included cypermethrin and carbofuran (in water), as well as endosulfan and cypermethrin (in sediment and fish tissue). Levels of endosulfan and cypermethrin exceeded standard limits. Moreover, principal component analysis (PCA) indicated no correlation among pesticides in fish tissue, sediment, and water. However, pesticides exhibited different behavior in different seasons. Furthermore, endosulfan and triazophos impose great human health risk, as indicated by the THQ value (> 1). The overall HI value was greater for site 1 in the dry season (8.378). The study concluded that the presence of agricultural pesticides in the Indus River poses a risk to aquatic life and has the potential to disrupt the entire food chain. This highlights the importance of sustainable practices for the study area and Pakistan overall agricultural and environmental sustainability. It is further recommended to strengthen regulations for reduced pesticide use and promote eco-friendly pest management.


Assuntos
Monitoramento Ambiental , Sedimentos Geológicos , Praguicidas , Rios , Poluentes Químicos da Água , Sedimentos Geológicos/química , Poluentes Químicos da Água/análise , Animais , Rios/química , Paquistão , Humanos , Medição de Risco , Praguicidas/análise , Monitoramento Ambiental/métodos , Estações do Ano , Resíduos de Praguicidas/análise , Cyprinidae , Peixes
4.
Environ Geochem Health ; 46(8): 267, 2024 Jul 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38954229

RESUMO

This study examines the levels of heavy metals in polyculture fish (Labeo rohita, Cyprinus carpio, and Catla catla), water, and sediment in Tanda Dam, Kohat, Pakistan, aiming to understand environmental and health risks. Samples of fish, water, and sediment were collected from 3 fish farms, and heavy metal concentrations were measured using a Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). Results reveal that C. catla exhibited significantly higher (p < 0.05) levels of Zn than other fish species. Conversely, C. carpio showed significantly higher (p < 0.05) concentrations of Pb, Cd, Cr, Mn, Cu, As, and Ni than other species. The heavy metal hierarchy in C. carpio was found to be Zn > Cu > Pb > Cr > Cd > Mn > As > Ni. While heavy metal levels in L. rohita and C. catla generally fell within reference ranges, exceptions were noted for Zn, Pb, and Cd. Conversely, in C. carpio, all metals exceeded reference ranges except for Cu and Ni. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) indicated a close relationship between water and sediment. Additionally, cluster analysis suggested that C. catla formed a distinct cluster from L. rohita and C. carpio, implying different responses to the environment. Despite concerns raised by the Geoaccumulation Index (Igeo) and Contamination Factor (CF), particularly for Cd, which exhibited a high CF. Furthermore, Hazard Index (HI) values for all three fish species were below 1, suggesting low health risks. However, elevated Igeo and CF values for Cd suggest significant pollution originating from anthropogenic sources. This study underscores the importance of monitoring heavy metals in water for both environmental preservation and human health protection. Future research efforts should prioritize pollution control measures to ensure ecosystem and public health safety.


Assuntos
Monitoramento Ambiental , Sedimentos Geológicos , Metais Pesados , Poluentes Químicos da Água , Metais Pesados/análise , Animais , Poluentes Químicos da Água/análise , Humanos , Medição de Risco , Sedimentos Geológicos/química , Monitoramento Ambiental/métodos , Paquistão , Ecossistema , Carpas/metabolismo , Peixes/metabolismo , Análise de Componente Principal , Aquicultura
5.
J Environ Sci Health B ; : 1-12, 2024 Sep 20.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39305033

RESUMO

This study assessed the presence of eight pesticide residues in the Indus River, Mianwali, Pakistan, focusing on three sampling sites (S1, S2, and S3) in water, sediment, and the fish species Cyprinus carpio during both dry and wet seasons. Analysis was conducted using gas chromatography with an electron capture detector. Results indicated elevated pesticide concentrations in both seasons, with levels of 0.84 and 0.62 µg/L in water, 12.47 and 9.21 µg/g/dw in sediment, and 17.33 and 12.17 µg/g/ww in fish, with higher concentrations observed during the dry season. Cypermethrin and carbofuran were the primary pesticides detected in water, while endosulfan and cypermethrin were dominant in sediment and fish tissue, often exceeding standard safety thresholds. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis revealed stronger correlations between sediment and fish muscle, with varying associations among pesticides across seasons. The Hazard Index (HI) surpassed 1 in both seasons, signaling potential health risks to humans. These findings underscore the substantial risk agricultural pesticides pose to the aquatic ecosystem and food chain, highlighting the urgent need for sustainable agricultural practices and stricter regulations to minimize pesticide use and encourage eco-friendly pest management strategies.

6.
J Environ Sci Health B ; : 1-8, 2024 Sep 24.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39316068

RESUMO

This study examined the concentrations of seven heavy metals (Pb, Cu, Zn, Cr, Cd, Ni, and Mn) in the muscle tissue of six commonly consumed fish species (Cyprinus carpio, Labeo rohita, Wallagu attu, Hypophthalmicthys molitrix, Channa punctuate, and Puntius sophore) from the River Indus in the Mianwali district Pakistan. Samples were collected during both pre-monsoon and post-monsoon seasons to assess the potential human health risks associated with these heavy metals. The levels of metals were measured using atomic absorption spectroscopic analysis. The results showed varying concentrations of heavy metals in the fish samples (mg/kg), ranging from 10.17-2.06 for Pb, 41.83-12.54 for Cu, 417.04-41.93 for Zn, 2.06-0.46 for Cr, 0.86-0.08 for Cd, 4.33-1.43 for Ni, and 50.16-8.74 for Mn. Notably, metal concentrations were generally higher during the pre-monsoon season, with Pb consistently exceeding standard limits in the muscle tissue of all fish species. ANOVA analysis revealed significant variations in heavy metal concentrations among different fish species. While the current consumption rate poses no significant health risks, ongoing monitoring of heavy metal concentrations in fish and their environmental sources is crucial to ensure consumer safety and sustainable aquatic ecosystems.

7.
Environ Monit Assess ; 196(7): 613, 2024 Jun 13.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38871952

RESUMO

Physicochemical properties of water influence planktonic diversity and distribution, which is essential in obtaining basic knowledge of aquatic biodiversity. Thus current study aims to investigate the spatiotemporal diversity, abundance ratio, and distribution of phytoplankton species and their association with water quality parameters of Chashma Lake, Pakistan. During the study period from 2018 to 2019, we measured 13 physicochemical parameters across three selected sampling sites (S1, S2, and S3) in Chashma Lake, revealing both spatial and temporal variability. Dissolved oxygen (DO) was higher in S3, while S1 exhibited higher alkalinity levels, carbon dioxide, phosphorus, and chloride levels. The study identified 77 phytoplankton species grouped into five taxonomic categories, with Cyanobacteria dominating (39.90%), followed by Chlorophyta (33.4%) and Bacillariophyta (24.88%). Euglenozoa and Ochrophyta were less abundant (1.3% and 0.41%, respectively). Spatial variations in phytoplankton distribution were noted, with Chlorophyta being more abundant at S2, Bacillariophyta and Cyanobacteria at S1, and Euglenozoa dominating at S3. Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) revealed the influence of various physicochemical parameters on phytoplankton distribution. This comprehensive study provides valuable insights for the ecological assessment and monitoring of water bodies. It is recommended that continuous monitoring is required to capture long-term trends, further explore the specific environmental drivers impacting phytoplankton dynamics, and consider management strategies for maintaining water quality and biodiversity in Chashma Lake.


Assuntos
Biodiversidade , Monitoramento Ambiental , Lagos , Fitoplâncton , Lagos/química , Paquistão , Rios/química , Cianobactérias/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Fósforo/análise , Qualidade da Água
8.
Saudi Pharm J ; 32(5): 102045, 2024 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38571766

RESUMO

The ergosterol from mushrooms has gained significant ethnopharmacological importance in various cultures, including China, Japan, and Europe. This compound has been found to possess immune-boosting and anti-inflammatory properties, making it useful in the treatment of immune disorders. In this study, we focused on investigating the potential anticancer properties of ergosterol isolated from the edible mushroom Leucocalocybe mongolica in breast cancer cell lines. The ergosterol was purified and identified using advanced analytical techniques such as ESI-MS and NMR. We conducted cell proliferation assays on 4 T1 breast cancer cells to assess the cytotoxic effects of ergosterol. Furthermore, we analyzed the transcription levels of BAX, caspase-7, BCL-2, STAT-3, and PARP proteins using real-time PCR and Western blot analysis. Additionally, we employed non-targeted ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography and high-resolution mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) to study the potential mechanisms underlying the anticancer effects of ergosterol at the metabolomics level. The results demonstrated a significant reduction in cell viability and the induction of apoptosis upon treatment with ergosterol, especially at higher concentrations (P < 0.05). Moreover, ergosterol affected the expression of cancer-related genes, upregulating pro-apoptotic proteins such as BAX, caspase-7, and PARP, while downregulating the anti-apoptotic proteins BCL-2 and STAT-3 (P < 0.05). Western blot analysis confirmed these findings and provided further evidence of ergosterol's role in inducing apoptosis. Metabolomics analysis revealed substantial changes in pathways related to amino acid, antioxidant, and carbohydrate metabolism. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that ergosterol exhibits anticancer effects by inducing apoptosis and modulating metabolic pathways in breast cancer cells.

9.
Saudi Pharm J ; 31(8): 101669, 2023 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37576853

RESUMO

Previous investigations have shown that D. viscosa herbal extract is often used to treat a variety of diseases. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate any additional potential impacts on rat liver and kidney damage induced by diabetes. Streptozotocin (STZ) (60 mg/kg/day) was given as a single dosage to cause type 1 diabetes. After then, diabetic rats received oral doses of D. viscosa for four weeks at 150 and 300 mg/kg/day. Blood, liver, and kidney tissues were collected at the end of the treatment and examined. Analysis was made of the serum lipid profile, liver, and kidney functions, as well as blood biochemistry. Moreover, the levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1ß), prostaglandin E-2 (PGE-2), and nitric oxide (NO) were estimated in serum. In liver and kidney samples, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARs) and reduced glutathione (GSH), as well as the pro-inflammatory cytokines and enzymatic activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reeducates (GR), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were analyzed. Histological changes in liver and kidney cross-sections were also observed. Our findings demonstrated that D. viscosa dramatically decreased pro-inflammatory indicators in blood, kidney, and liver tissues as well as blood glucose, and restored insulin levels, and lipid profiles. Additionally, it significantly raises the antioxidant enzyme activity SOD, CAT, GPx, and GST, while significantly lowering TBARs levels. The above-mentioned biochemical changes that took place in tissues were further supported by histological alterations. These findings imply that D. viscosa protects against STZ-induced hyperglycemia, aberrant lipid synthesis, and oxidative stress and that these benefits may be mediated by interacting with various targets to increase the levels of antioxidant enzymes in the liver and kidneys. Its mode of action and safety for use as medicine against various metabolic problems caused by diabetes require more research.

10.
Int J Mol Sci ; 23(3)2022 Jan 24.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35163209

RESUMO

The present study is designed to determine the effect of LCZ696 on DCM in rats and investigate the underlying mechanism involved. Diabetes was induced by feeding rats with a high-fat diet for six weeks following a single injection of STZ (30 mg/kg). Diabetic rats were divided into three groups (n = 10). LCZ696 and valsartan treatment was started two weeks after diabetic induction and continued for eight weeks. At the end of the treatment, serum and cardiac tissues were analyzed by RT-PCR, Western blot, and ELISA kits. LCZ696 and valsartan ameliorated DCM progression by inhibiting AGEs formation at activity levels; pro-apoptotic markers (BAX/Bcl2 ratio and caspase-3) in mRNA and protein expressions, the NF-κB at mRNA; and protein levels associated with the restoration of elevated proinflammatory cytokines such as the TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1ß at the activity level. Furthermore, LCZ696 and valsartan contribute to restoring the induction of ER stress parameters (GRP78, PERK, eIF2a, ATF4, and CHOP) at mRNA and protein levels. LCZ696 and valsartan attenuated DCM by inhibiting the myocardial inflammation, ER stress, and apoptosis through AGEs/NF-κB and PERK/CHOP signaling cascades. Collectively, the present results reveal that LCZ696 had a more protective solid effect against DCM than valsartan.


Assuntos
Aminobutiratos/farmacologia , Compostos de Bifenilo/farmacologia , Cardiomiopatias Diabéticas/prevenção & controle , Valsartana/farmacologia , Aminobutiratos/metabolismo , Animais , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Compostos de Bifenilo/metabolismo , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/metabolismo , Dieta Hiperlipídica , Combinação de Medicamentos , Estresse do Retículo Endoplasmático/efeitos dos fármacos , Produtos Finais de Glicação Avançada/efeitos dos fármacos , Inflamação/tratamento farmacológico , Masculino , Miocárdio/metabolismo , NF-kappa B/metabolismo , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Substâncias Protetoras/farmacologia , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacos , Estreptozocina/farmacologia , Fator de Transcrição CHOP/metabolismo , Valsartana/metabolismo , eIF-2 Quinase/metabolismo
11.
Saudi Pharm J ; 29(8): 833-842, 2021 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34177315

RESUMO

The impact of different sociodemographic and clinical characteristics on the COVID-19-related morbidity and mortality rates have been studied extensively around the world; however, there is a dearth of data on the impact of different clinical and sociodemographic variables on the COVID-19-related outcomes in Saudi Arabia. This study aimed to identify those at high risk of worse clinical outcomes, such as hospitalization and longer length of stay (LOS) among young and middle-aged adults (18 to 55 years). In this questionnaire-based cross-sectional study, 706 patients with real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) confirmed COVID-19 infection were interviewed. Patients' demographic characteristics, dietary habits, medical history, and lifestyle choices were collected through phone interviews. Patients with chronic health conditions, such as diabetes and hypertension, reported a higher rate of hospitalization, ICU admission, oxygen-support needs, and a longer period of recovery and LOS. Multiple logistic regression showed that diabetes, hypertension, and pulmonary disease (e.g., asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)) were associated with a higher risk of hospitalization and longer LOS. Multiple logistic regression showed that symptoms of breathlessness, loss of smell and/or taste, diarrhea, and cough were associated with a longer recovery period. Similarly, breathlessness, vomiting, and diarrhea were associated with higher rates of hospitalization. The findings of this study confirm the similarity of the factors associated with worse clinical outcomes across the world. Future studies should use more robust designs to investigate the impact of different therapies on the COVID-19-related morbidity and mortality in Saudi Arabia.

12.
Int J Med Sci ; 17(9): 1156-1166, 2020.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32547311

RESUMO

Hypercholesterolemia is a major risk factor for several cardiovascular and metabolic diseases as it triggers oxidative and pro-inflammatory cascades. Baicalein (BL) is a natural flavone with multiple therapeutic properties. The present study aimed to evaluate the potential protective effect of BL supplementation in hypercholesterolaemic rats. Rats were fed a high-cholesterol diet (HCD) for six weeks and then orally administered BL at two doses (25 and 50 mg/kg body weight/day) for four weeks. Serum lipids, liver enzymes, cardiac enzymes, renal markers, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1ß (IL-1ß), interleukin-10 (IL-10), caspase-3, nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin-2 (PGE-2) were measured. In renal, hepatic, and cardiac tissues, thiobarbituric acid-reactive (TBARS) substance, glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities were measured. The altered levels of lipoproteins, aminotransferases, creatine kinases, and urea in hypercholesterolemic animals were significantly corrected by BL. Inflammatory and apoptotic biomarkers were also markedly attenuated in the HCD group following BL treatment. Hypercholesterolemia considerably induced the lipid peroxidation product, TBARS, and oxidative radicals in cardiac, hepatic, and renal tissues, which were attenuated by BL treatment, particularly, at the 50 mg/kg/day dose. BL enhanced the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase that were suppressed by HCD. Histological alterations induced by cholesterol overload in cardiac, hepatic, and renal tissues were ameliorated by BL supplementation. Our results show that the BL treatments (25 and 50 mg/kg/day) to HCD fed rats improved all the altered parameters. These results demonstrate that BL treatment improves cardiac, renal and hepatic dysfunctions in hypercholesterolaemic rats by activation of cellular antioxidant enzymes and/or suppression of inflammatory cytokines.


Assuntos
Flavanonas/uso terapêutico , Hipercolesterolemia/tratamento farmacológico , Hipercolesterolemia/metabolismo , Inflamação/tratamento farmacológico , Inflamação/metabolismo , Animais , Catalase/metabolismo , Glutationa Peroxidase/metabolismo , Peroxidação de Lipídeos/efeitos dos fármacos , Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos , Fígado/metabolismo , Masculino , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Superóxido Dismutase/metabolismo
13.
Int J Med Sci ; 17(18): 3098-3106, 2020.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33173431

RESUMO

Background and objectives: Although diabetic-induced hepatotoxicity is less common, it can be included in the list of target organ pathologies associated with diabetes. This study aimed to investigate the potential therapeutic role of sacubitril/valsartan (LCZ696) in modulating oxidative and inflammatory injuries and liver fibrosis in STZ-induced hyperglycemic rats in comparison to valsartan alone. Materials and Methods: Following the induction of diabetes using a single dose of streptozotocin (STZ), STZ-induced hyperglycemic animals were administered LCZ696 or valsartan for 6 weeks. Glucose, transaminases, lipid profile, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 1 beta (IL-1ß), and interleukin - 6 (IL-6), were estimated using the obtained serum. Oxidative stress biomarkers including thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione S-transferase (GST) were measured in the liver homogenate. Additionally, the levels of TNF-α, IL-1ß, IL-6, and nuclear factor - kappa ß (NF-κB) levels were estimated in hepatic tissue. To assess the general histopathological changes, harvested liver tissue was treated with hematoxylin and eosin or Masson's trichrome staining to detect fibrosis. Results: STZ-induced hyperglycemic rats demonstrated high blood glucose, dyslipidemia, and significant elevation in hepatic transaminases, proinflammatory cytokines, NF-κB, lipid peroxidation, and hepatic fibrosis, with impairment in antioxidant enzymes. In STZ-induced hyperglycemic rats, the administration of LCZ696 ameliorated hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, improved liver functions, and boosted antioxidants enzymes. Furthermore, LCZ696 therapy attenuated oxidation, inflammation, progression of liver injury, and hepatic fibrosis. LCZ696 was superior to valsartan in reducing AST, hepatic fibrosis, tissue IL-1ß, TNF-α and NF-κB. In addition, compared with the valsartan group, LCZ696 significantly increased the antioxidant parameters such as GSH, SOD, CAT and GPx. Conclusion: Collectively, our data demonstrated that LCZ696 could suppress the progression of diabetes-induced hepatic fibrosis, correlating with reduced oxidative stress, hepatic inflammation and NF-κB compared with valsartan alone.


Assuntos
Aminobutiratos/uso terapêutico , Antagonistas de Receptores de Angiotensina/uso terapêutico , Compostos de Bifenilo/uso terapêutico , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/complicações , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/complicações , Cirrose Hepática/tratamento farmacológico , Valsartana/uso terapêutico , Aminobutiratos/farmacologia , Antagonistas de Receptores de Angiotensina/farmacologia , Animais , Compostos de Bifenilo/farmacologia , Glicemia/análise , Glicemia/metabolismo , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/sangue , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/induzido quimicamente , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/metabolismo , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/sangue , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/induzido quimicamente , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/metabolismo , Combinação de Medicamentos , Humanos , Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos , Fígado/metabolismo , Fígado/patologia , Cirrose Hepática/sangue , Cirrose Hepática/etiologia , Masculino , Neprilisina/antagonistas & inibidores , Neprilisina/metabolismo , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Estreptozocina/administração & dosagem , Estreptozocina/toxicidade , Valsartana/farmacologia
14.
J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) ; 103(2): 534-546, 2019 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30597625

RESUMO

Using nutritional antioxidants in livestock systems is considered the key in improving animal production. The current study assumes that dietary tomato powder (TP) supplementation positively affects haemato-immunological, biochemical, and antioxidant parameters for New Zealand rabbits. A total of 30 rabbits (45 days old) were assigned to three groups, including a diet with no additives (control), and two dietary treatments with the providing of 1% or 2% TP. Mass spectrometric study for TP methanolic extract showed some phenolic compounds. Consumption of TP supplemented diets significantly (p < 0.001) affected body weight gain and feed efficiency. Red blood cells and white blood cells count exhibited a significant increase (p < 0.001) in both TP groups compared with the control. In addition to, feeding rabbits on TP enhanced cell-mediated and humoral immune responses through a significant increase in phagocytosis, chemotaxis, and levels of immunoglobulins (TIg, IgG, IgM and IgA). Supplementation of TP significantly (p < 0.01) reduced lipid profile induces except high-density lipoprotein cholesterol values. A remarkable significant (p < 0.001) effect on serum and hepatic oxidative stress responses were observed with TP addition. Ultimately, TP supplementation could play a potential role as a growth and health enhancer for fattening rabbits.


Assuntos
Ração Animal/análise , Dieta/veterinária , Suplementos Nutricionais , Pós , Coelhos/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Solanum lycopersicum , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição Animal , Animais , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Biomarcadores , Manipulação de Alimentos , Frutas , Estresse Oxidativo
15.
Toxicol Mech Methods ; 29(1): 26-34, 2019 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30064281

RESUMO

Previous studies have brought to light the toxic effect of cerium chloride (CeCl3) but very little is known about the oxidative brain injury caused by this metal. Medical plants have a well-recognized role in the management of damage caused by pollutants such as CeCl3. Syzygium aromaticum, a potent natural source of bioactive compounds and rich in secondary metabolites, has a broad range of biological functions. The aim of this study is to investigate the capacity of Syzygium aromaticum ethanol extract (ESA) to improve the adverse effects of CeCl3 in the brain tissue. Adult mice were exposed to CeCl3 (20 mg/kg body weight [BW]), with or without ESA, for 60 days. We investigate mice's behavior, damages of cholinergic system and oxidative stress parameters in mice brain. In the present study, in vitro test confirmed that ESA has antioxidant capacity attributed to the presence of flavonoids, polyphenols, and tannins contents. In vivo study showed that CeCl3 caused brain injuries manifested in memory impairment, increase in acetylcholinesterase activity, oxidative stress biomarkers (lipid, proteins, enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant systems), and histopathological alteration in brain tissue. Addition of ESA repaired memory impairment, decreased acetylcholinesterase activity, restored oxidative state, and prevented histopathological alteration. In conclusion, the experimental results showed the protective effects of ethanol extract of Syzygium aromaticum against cerium-induced brain damage.


Assuntos
Encéfalo/efeitos dos fármacos , Cério/toxicidade , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/uso terapêutico , Síndromes Neurotóxicas/tratamento farmacológico , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico , Syzygium/química , Animais , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Camundongos , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/isolamento & purificação , Síndromes Neurotóxicas/etiologia , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Extratos Vegetais/isolamento & purificação
16.
Int J Syst Evol Microbiol ; 68(1): 217-222, 2018 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29125456

RESUMO

Strains SYSU D8007T and SYSU D8014T were isolated from desert soil collected from Saudi Arabia. The two isolates were Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, aerobic and non-spore-forming. These strains were able to grow at 4-45 °C and in the presence of up to 8 % (w/v) NaCl. Strain SYSU D8007T could grow at pH 6.0-10.0, and strain SYSU D8014T at pH 5.0-10.0. They shared highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with Microbacterium marinilacus YM11-607T and Microbacterium paludicola US15T. Menaquinones MK-11 and MK-12 were detected as the respiratory quinones. The polar lipid profiles of strains SYSU D8007T and SYSU D8014T consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol, but differed in the number of unidentified glycolipids. Strain SYSU D8007T contained anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 as the predominant fatty acids, while strain SYSU D8014T contained anteiso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0 as the major fatty acids (>10 %). While glucose, rhamnose and ribose were detected in strain SYSU D8007T as the whole-cell sugars, galactose, glucose and rhamnose were present in strain SYSU D8014T. The genomic DNA G+C content of strains SYSU D8007T and SYSU D8014T was 72.2 and 73.6 mol%, respectively. Based on phenotypic, genotypic and phylogenetic characteristics, it can be concluded that strains SYSU D8007T and SYSU D8014T represent two novel species of the genus Microbacterium, for which the names Microbacterium album sp. nov. and Microbacterium deserti sp. nov. are proposed, respectively. The type strains are SYSU D8007T (=CGMCC 1.15794T=KCTC 39990T) and SYSU D8014T (=CPCC 204619T=KCTC39991T).


Assuntos
Actinobacteria/classificação , Clima Desértico , Filogenia , Microbiologia do Solo , Actinobacteria/genética , Actinobacteria/isolamento & purificação , Técnicas de Tipagem Bacteriana , Composição de Bases , DNA Bacteriano/genética , Ácidos Graxos/química , Glicolipídeos/química , Hibridização de Ácido Nucleico , Fosfolipídeos/química , RNA Ribossômico 16S/genética , Arábia Saudita , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Vitamina K 2/química
17.
Behav Brain Funct ; 13(1): 10, 2017 Jun 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28569203

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Green tea extract (GTE) has various health promoting effects on animals and humans. However, the effects of perinatal exposure to GTE on the behavioral aspects of offspring have not been elucidated thus far. GTE was provided for pregnant female mice at concentrations of either 20 or 50 g/L, beginning the day of conception until the third week after delivery, postnatal day 22 (PD 22). Mice pups were subjected to behavioral testing to assess sensory motor reflexes, locomotion, anxiety, and learning on various postnatal days. RESULTS: Perinatal exposure to GTE resulted in a significant reduction in body weight, as well as earlier body hair appearance and opening of the eyes. Sensory motor reflexes exhibited faster responses and significant stimulatory effects in pups exposed to GTE. During the adolescent period, male and female offspring exhibited increased locomotor activity (on PD 22), reduced anxiety and fear (on PD 25), and enhanced memory and learning abilities (on PD 30), all in both GTE treated groups. All blood counts (RBCs, WBCs, Hb, and platelets), and glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride, and low density lipoprotein concentrations were significantly lower in the GTE-treated pups; however, there was no effect on high density lipoprotein levels. CONCLUSION: Our data provide evidence that the high dose of GTE (50 g/L) had higher anxiolytic properties and positive effects on locomotor activities and sensory motor reflexes, as well as learning and memory of the offspring than the low dose of GTE (20 g/L).


Assuntos
Atividade Motora/efeitos dos fármacos , Chá/metabolismo , Chá/fisiologia , Animais , Animais Recém-Nascidos/fisiologia , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Ansiedade/tratamento farmacológico , Comportamento Animal/efeitos dos fármacos , Peso Corporal/efeitos dos fármacos , Colesterol/sangue , Medo/efeitos dos fármacos , Feminino , Aprendizagem/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Memória/efeitos dos fármacos , Camundongos , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Gravidez , Efeitos Tardios da Exposição Pré-Natal/fisiopatologia , Chá/efeitos dos fármacos
18.
Biol Trace Elem Res ; 2024 Jul 22.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39037503

RESUMO

The use of medicinal plants is integral to addressing liver, heart, lung, and other metabolic issues. These plants are rich in vitamins, minerals, flavonoids, and alkaloids, which collectively help in lowering intestinal glucose absorption and increasing insulin secretion by pancreatic tissues. Elemental analysis, encompassing major, minor, and trace elements, was performed on various parts (leaves, roots, and seeds) of 16 anti-diabetic medicinal plants collected from different regions of Swat and Peshawar in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK), Pakistan. This analysis utilized proton-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) techniques. Our PIXE and ICP-OES analysis revealed the presence of major (Ca, K, S, P), minor (Si, Cl), and trace (Al, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Se, Cr, and Sc) elements in various parts (leaves, roots, and seeds) of the 16 anti-diabetic medicinal plants studied. Specifically, elements such as Ca, K, Cr, Cu, Mn, Zn, and Se were detected, all of which are known to contribute in maintaining normal glucose metabolism. Notably, Zn and Se are crucial trace elements for the synthesis, secretion, and action of insulin. Significant Zn concentrations were observed in ten anti-diabetic medicinal plants: Albizia lebbeck (AL), Atropa acuminata (AA), Avena fatua (AF), Citrus medica (CM), Commiphora wightii (CW), Cymbopogon citratus (CC), Daucus carota (DC), Ziziphus mauritiana (FM), Hyoscyamus niger (HN), and Martynia annua (MA), and significant Se concentrations were observed in twelve medicinal plants, i.e., Albizia lebbeck (AL), Allium sativum (AS), Atropa acuminata (AA), Avena fatua (AF), Cannabis sativa (CS), Capparis spinosa (CaS), Commiphora wightii (CW), Cymbopogon citratus (CC), Datura alba (DA), Daucus carota (DC), Ziziphus mauritiana (FM), and Hyoscyamus niger (HN). Our study's elemental analysis using PIXE and ICP-OES on various parts of 16 medicinal plants identified a significant number of useful elements. Elements such as Ca, K, S, P, Al, Si, Cl, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Se, and Cr were identified and quantified. These findings support the potential use of these plants in managing diabetes and highlight the importance of elemental profiling in understanding their therapeutic properties.

19.
Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis ; 109: 102184, 2024 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38691874

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Toxoplasma gondii is an apicomplexan protozoan parasite that infects one-third of the population of the world, including humans, animals, birds, and other vertebrates. The present investigation is the first molecular attempt in the Malakand Division of Pakistan to determine the epidemiology and phylogenetic study of Toxoplasma gondii infecting small ruminants. METHODOLOGY: A total of (N = 450) blood samples of sheep were randomly collected during the study period (December 2020 to November 2021), and DNA detection was done using PCR by amplifying ITS-1 genes. SPSS.20 and MEGA-11 software were used for statistical significance and phylogenetic analysis. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of T. gondii infection among sheep was 14.44 % (65/450). A high infection rate was found in more than five-year-olds at 18.33 % (11/60). Sequencing and BLAST analysis of PCR-positive samples confirmed the presence of T. gondii. Randomly, three isolates were sequenced and submitted to GenBank under accession numbers (PP028089-PP028091), respectively. The BLAST analysis of the obtained sequences based on the ITS-1 gene showed 99 % similarities with reported genotypes found in goats of Malakand, Pakistan (PP028089) and dogs of Brazil (MF766454). The study concludes that T. gondii is notably prevalent among the sheep population in the region, emphasizing the significant role of risk factors in disease transmission across animals and potentially to humans. Further research, zoonotic potential analysis, and targeted control measures are warranted to address and manage this parasitic infection effectively.


Assuntos
DNA de Protozoário , Filogenia , Doenças dos Ovinos , Toxoplasma , Toxoplasmose Animal , Animais , Toxoplasma/genética , Toxoplasma/isolamento & purificação , Toxoplasma/classificação , Paquistão/epidemiologia , Toxoplasmose Animal/epidemiologia , Toxoplasmose Animal/parasitologia , Ovinos , Doenças dos Ovinos/epidemiologia , Doenças dos Ovinos/parasitologia , Prevalência , DNA de Protozoário/genética , Genótipo , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase
20.
Plants (Basel) ; 13(16)2024 Aug 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39204616

RESUMO

Fusarium root rot caused by the Fusarium species complex significantly affects the yield and quality of Angelica sinensis, a valuable medicinal herb. Traditional management primarily relies on chemical fungicides, which have led to pathogen resistance, environmental hazards, and concerns regarding public health and the active components in A. sinensis. This study explores the efficacy of a novel plant-derived biopesticide Shi Chuang Zhi Feng Ning (T1; SCZFN), alongside Bacillus subtilis wettable powder (T2) and a chemical fungicide (T3), in controlling root rot and understanding their impacts on the rhizosphere microbial community and root metabolome. Results of the field experiment demonstrated that treatments T1 and T3 achieved control efficiencies of 73.17% and 75.45%, respectively, significantly outperforming T2 (39.99%) and the control. High-throughput sequencing revealed that all treatments altered the diversity and structure of microbial communities, with T1 and T2 reducing the abundance of taxa linked to root rot, such as Muribaculaceae spp., Humicola spp., Fusarium spp., and Mycochlamys spp. Treatment T1 notably enhanced beneficial bacterial taxa, including Acidobacteria spp., Nitrospira spp., and Pedosphaeraceae spp., involved in carbon cycling and plant growth promotion. Metabolomic analysis identified 39, 105, and 45 differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs) across the treatments, demonstrating T1's potential to modulate the root metabolome effectively. Further, a correlation analysis demonstrated a stronger correlation between distinct microorganisms with significant influence and DEMs of T1 treatment compared to other treatments. These findings underscore biopesticide SCZFN's role in enhancing plant health and disease suppression in A. sinensis, providing insights into its biocontrol mechanisms and supporting the development of sustainable disease management strategies in its cultivation.

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