Preinduction glycemia and body mass index are important predictors of perioperative insulin management in patients undergoing cardiac surgery.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether preinduction glucose is an important predictor for perioperative insulin management in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: Large community hospital. PATIENTS: 80 consecutive patients scheduled for cardiac surgery. INTERVENTIONS: Patients were subdivided into those with a preinduction blood glucose of 110 mg/dL or lower with or without history of diabetes (group 1) and those with a preinduction blood glucose of above 110 mg/dL with or without history of diabetes (group 2). In group 1, there were no known diabetics. In group 2, 31% (11/35) had diabetes (group 2DM), while 24/35 (69%) did not (group 2NDM). An insulin infusion was started intraoperatively and adjusted according to a strict protocol in order to maintain normoglycemia (80-110 mg/dL) until discharge from intensive care. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: In patients with preinduction glucose above 110 mg/dL, whether or not previously treated for diabetes, perioperative insulin requirements were higher, and intraoperative insulin management was more difficult than in those with lower preinduction glucose. In patients with a preinduction glucose above 110 mg/dL, hospital stay was longer, and inhospital mortality was significantly higher than in those with lower preinduction glucose. Multivariate analyses showed that preinduction glycemia was a good predictor of intraoperative insulin consumption, as was the body mass index (BMI) for intensive care and total insulin needs. CONCLUSIONS: In cardiac surgical patients with a preinduction glucose above 110 mg/dL, even if diabetes was not previously suspected, perioperative insulin requirements were higher, and intraoperative insulin management is more difficult than in those with a preinduction glucose 110 mg/dL or lower. Preinduction glycemia and BMI are good predictors of perioperative insulin management. Preinduction glycemia above 110 mg/dL predicts difficult perioperative glucose control and, moreover, that a preinduction blood glucose of 110 mg/dL or lower is associated with less insulin need.

Effective reversal of moderate rocuronium- or vecuronium-induced neuromuscular block with sugammadex, a selective relaxant binding agent.

BACKGROUND: Sugammadex rapidly reverses rocuronium-induced neuromuscular block. This study explored the dose-response relation of sugammadex given as a reversal agent at reappearance of the second muscle twitch after rocuronium- and vecuronium-induced block. A secondary objective was to investigate the safety of single doses of sugammadex. METHODS: In this two-center, phase II, dose-finding study, 80 patients (age >or= 18 yr, American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I or II, surgery >or= 60 min requiring muscle relaxation for intubation) were randomly assigned to receive rocuronium (0.60 mg/kg) or vecuronium (0.10 mg/kg). Sugammadex or placebo was administered at reappearance of the second muscle twitch. The primary efficacy endpoint was time from starting sugammadex administration until recovery of the train-of-four ratio to 0.9. RESULTS: Compared with placebo, sugammadex produced dose-dependent decreases in mean time to recovery for all train-of-four ratios in the rocuronium and vecuronium groups. The mean time for recovery of the train-of-four ratio to 0.9 in the rocuronium group was 31.8 min after placebo compared with 3.7 and 1.1 min after 0.5 and 4.0 mg/kg sugammadex, respectively. The mean time for recovery of the train-of-four ratio to 0.9 in the vecuronium group was 48.8 min after placebo, compared with 2.5 and 1.4 min after 1.0 and 8.0 mg/kg sugammadex, respectively. Sugammadex was well tolerated. CONCLUSION: Sugammadex rapidly reversed rocuronium- or vecuronium-induced neuromuscular block at reappearance of the second muscle twitch and was well tolerated. A dose-response relation was observed with sugammadex for reversal of both rocuronium- and vecuronium-induced neuromuscular block.