RESUMO
Introduction: Human visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a zoonosis of great importance to public health due to its epidemiological diversity, with emphasis on the possibility of aggravation by coinfection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Objective: The aim was to study the epidemiological characteristics of VL cases associated with HIV coinfection in Pará. Methods. Reported cases of VL from January 2006 to December 2016 were investigated. A descriptive epidemiological method related to age, gender, area of residence and coinfection with HIV was used. To calculate variance and test equity, the F-test (Fisher) was performed. To observe the influence of one aspect on another, the chi-square was used to verify if there was dependence or independence between the variables. Results: A total of 1171 cases of VL were reported during the study period. There was an annual mean of LV of 94.9, with a statistical difference (p<0.05) between age groups, with the highest number of cases being observed in children aged 1 to 4 years (27.16%). Males and the urban area had a higher number of cases. There were 57 cases of VL/HIV coinfection, with emphasis on the year 2013 and the municipality of Santarém, which had the highest number of cases. During the ten years studied, there was a correlation between coinfection VL/ HIV, with significant differences between patients with and without HIV who contracted VL (p<0.001). Conclusion: The data reveal the endemic nature of VL in the region, with a high percentage of infection in children living in urban areas. Although the studied region is not identified as a predominant area of HIV cases, this study showed a high annual average (10.3) of cases of VL/HIV coinfection being the first time that cases of VL/HIV coinfection were reported in the Mesoregion of the Lower Amazon and Southwest Pará.
RESUMO
ABSTRACT: Euxylophora paraensis Huber - Rutaceae, popularly known as yellow heart, is a species with a low-density population that has suffered intense exploitation in recent decades. This has led to its inclusion in the IBAMA list of endangered species. This study aimed to evaluate the existence of growth rings and their annuity in five trees of Euxylophora paraensis through the x-ray microdensitometry technique, as well as to compare them using the classical method. Application feasibility of this technique can be deepened through future, broader dendroecological studies, which may better elucidate the understanding of the species population dynamics and promote more sustainable uses. Wood disks were collected from the base of five 29-year-old trees from a planting site in the Curua-Una Experimental Station, located in Prainha, Pará State, Brazil. Samples were polished and sanded for the x-ray microdensitometric analysis. Values of minimum, average, and maximum density (0.581, 0.84, and 1.077gcm-3, respectively) were obtained. There was a significant difference in density between the studied trees. Growth rings boundaries, through densitometric pith-bark profile are demarcated by fibrous zones, with density variation between the early wood and late wood. This study concludes that the growth rings of the studied species are distinct and annual, validating the technique used.
RESUMO: Euxylophora paraensis Huber - Rutaceae, popularmente conhecida como pau amarelo, é uma espécie com baixa densidade populacional e que sofreu intensa exploração nas últimas décadas. Isso levou à sua inclusão na lista do IBAMA de espécies ameaçadas de extinção. O presente estudo objetiva avaliar a existência e anuidade dos anéis de crescimento de cinco árvores de Euxylophora paraensis, por meio da técnica de microdensitometria de Raio-x, e comparar com o uso do método clássico. A viabilidade da aplicação dessa técnica poderá ser aprofundada por meio de futuros estudos dendroecológicos mais amplos, que poderão melhor elucidar a compreensão da dinâmica populacional da espécie e promover usos mais sustentáveis. Coletou-se discos do lenho da base de cinco árvores, provenientes de plantio, na Estação experimental de Curua-Una, em Prainha - PA, com então 29 anos de idade. As amostras foram plainadas e polidas, visando a análise microdensitometrica de raios x. Foram obtidos valores de densidade mínimos, médios e máximos (respectivamente 0,581, 0,84 e 1,077gcm-3). Houve diferença significativa na densidade entre as árvores estudadas. Verificou-se, por meio do perfil densitométrico no sentido medula-casca, limites dos anéis de crescimento por zonas fibrosas, com variação da densidade entre o lenho inicial e tardio. Verifica-se que os anéis de crescimento da espécie estudada são distintos e anuais, validando a técnica utilizada.