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Introduction: We aimed to analyze the anthropometric and body composition profiles of Down syndrome (DS) adults; to describe their dietary habits, nutrient intake, and physical activity patterns; and to identify the related risk factors which may influence their health status and quality of life.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on a cohort of 23 DS adults (45% women) aged 21-44 years. Anthropometry and body composition were assessed by bioelectrical impedance. Dietary nutrient intake was assessed quantitatively using a 72-h recall. A food frequency questionnaire and the prevention with Mediterranean diet-PREDIMED questionnaire were used for qualitative rating.Results: Higher fat mass (FM) and lower lean mass (LM), bone mass (BM), and waist to hip ratio (WHR) were observed in women compared to men. LM and BM decreased, and body mass index (BMI), FM, and WHR increased with aging (all P < 0.05). Vitamin D and iodine intakes were not met by 70% and 60% of the studied participants, respectively. A total of 82% of the participants consumed less than 5 portions of fruits and vegetables per day and overconsumed food groups such as sweets and snacks and red meat (> 2 times per week). Protein intake showed a significant positive correlation with height (r = 0.489, P < 0.05), whereas fat intake was positively correlated with sweets and snacks (r = 0.521, P < 0.05).Conclusion: The present findings support the existence of poor anthropometric and body composition profiles, and diet quality, underscoring the need for an interdisciplinary team assessment to enhance health and quality of life in DS adults.
RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is the determination of the normal kidney size in children analysing the variables that have a good correlation with it. With these correlations the normal kidney size can be established and a diagnose of possible diseases set. METHODS: The data was obtained through ecographies taken in 474 children between 0 and 18 years old that were under control for several reasons differently from the suspicion of a kidney disease. The information related to age, sex, weight, height and corporal surface was also taken. RESULTS: We studied 265 girls and 209 boys. No difference was obtained between the size of the girls and boys kidneys. The regression analysis of the left kidney shows correlations of 0.911 for the height, 0.896 for the corporal surface, 0.863 for the weight and 0.857 for the age; while the one of the right kidney shows correlations of 0.921 for the height, 0.902 for the corporal surface, 0.872 for the age and 0.871 for the weight. The determination coefficients were 0.83 for the left kidney and 0.85 for the right one. The multivariant analysis shows that for both kidneys the height and the age are variables statistically significant as well as the corporal surface for the left kidney. CONCLUSIONS: The size parameters measured in the kidneys show a statistically significance correlation with certain parameters of the growing. The maximum correlation appears for the height of the patient, which allows establishing regression equations with the kidney size and the height and therefore to detect any deviations from these regression curve.