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1.
J Infect Dis ; 220(6): 956-960, 2019 08 09.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31056697

RESUMO

In this post-hoc analysis of midnasal pneumococcal carriage in a community-based, randomized prenatal influenza vaccination trial in Nepal with weekly infant respiratory illness surveillance, 457 of 605 (75.5%) infants with influenza, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), or human metapneumovirus (hMPV) illness had pneumococcus detected. Pneumococcal carriage did not impact rates of lower respiratory tract disease for these 3 viruses. Influenza-positive infants born to mothers given influenza vaccine had lower pneumococcal carriage rates compared to influenza-positive infants born to mothers receiving placebo (58.1% versus 71.6%, P = 0.03). Maternal influenza immunization may impact infant acquisition of pneumococcus during influenza infection. Clinical Trials Registration. NCT01034254.


Assuntos
Vacinas contra Influenza , Influenza Humana/epidemiologia , Infecções por Paramyxoviridae/epidemiologia , Infecções Pneumocócicas/epidemiologia , Infecções por Vírus Respiratório Sincicial/epidemiologia , Vacinação , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Influenza Humana/prevenção & controle , Metapneumovirus , Mães , Nepal , Infecções por Paramyxoviridae/prevenção & controle , Infecções Pneumocócicas/prevenção & controle , Gravidez , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/prevenção & controle , Infecções por Vírus Respiratório Sincicial/prevenção & controle , Vírus Sincicial Respiratório Humano , Infecções Respiratórias/epidemiologia , Infecções Respiratórias/prevenção & controle , Infecções Respiratórias/virologia , Streptococcus pneumoniae
2.
Front Pediatr ; 9: 686386, 2021.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34239849

RESUMO

In order to assess the presence of respiratory pathogens on "high-touch" surfaces and inform sanitation practices at schools, pre-selected surfaces in elementary schools in Seattle, WA, USA were sampled weekly and tested by RT-PCR for 25 viral respiratory pathogens (including SARS-CoV-2 retrospectively) and S. pneumoniae during 2019-2020 winter respiratory illness season. Viral pathogens (rhinovirus, adenovirus, influenza) known to cause respiratory illness were detected on commonly touched surfaces, especially wooden surfaces, and matched the patterns of circulating virus in the community.

3.
Am J Trop Med Hyg ; 99(5): 1342-1345, 2018 11.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30403166

RESUMO

We sought to compare seroprevalence of protective measles and rubella-specific antibody in mother-infant pairs across two populations: a pre-disease elimination Nepal population with recently introduced rubella vaccine and post-disease elimination U.S. population. Qualitative measles and rubella immunoglobulin G was assessed in maternal serum and cord blood from 258 pairs in Nepal, 2012-2013 and 49 pairs in Seattle, WA, 2014-2015. High rates of protective antibody were observed in both populations. Two hundred and forty-four (95%) pregnant women in Nepal had protective measles antibody versus 44 (92%) in Seattle (P = 0.42). Ninety-six percent of infants in Nepal (N = 246) and Seattle (N = 43) had protective measles antibody (P = 0.75). Ninety-four percentage of pregnant women in Nepal (N = 242) and Seattle (N = 45) had protective rubella antibody (P = 0.23). Two hundred and thirty-eight (93%) infants in Nepal had protective rubella antibody versus 44 (98%) in Seattle (P = 0.12). Continued surveillance will be necessary to ensure protective immunity, inform progress toward disease elimination in Nepal and avoid reemergence in the United States.


Assuntos
Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Erradicação de Doenças/métodos , Sangue Fetal/imunologia , Imunoglobulina G/sangue , Sarampo/epidemiologia , Mães , Rubéola (Sarampo Alemão)/epidemiologia , Adulto , Pré-Escolar , Erradicação de Doenças/estatística & dados numéricos , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Sarampo/imunologia , Nepal/epidemiologia , Gravidez , Rubéola (Sarampo Alemão)/imunologia , População Rural , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , Estados Unidos/epidemiologia
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