Sustainable organosolv-lignin coated nanosilver-halloysites reinforced poly (vinyl alcohol) nanocomposites for wound healing application.

This study involves the fabrication of innovative poly (vinyl alcohol) nanocomposite films by incorporating silver-embedded clay nanotubes with organosolv-lignin by the solution casting approach. The confirmation of this procedure was achieved through the utilisation of many techniques, including FTIR, PXRD, FE-SEM, and TGA. The aforementioned research have verified the adherence of silver nanoparticles to the surface of raw halloysites. The confirmation of lignin functionalization on these nanotubes has been established. This novel nanofiller was used to make a range of nanocomposite films with varying weight percentages ranging from 0 wt% to 5 wt%. With the increase in the wt% of nanofillers, These nanocomposite films exhibited greater thermal and mechanical stability compared to plain PVA. An investigation was conducted to examine the impact of the films on the cellular behaviour of murine fibroblast (NIH3T3) cell lines. Based on the findings from cell proliferation and scratch testing, it has been determined that these nanocomposite films are not harmful to cells, exhibit a greater rate of cell multiplication (116 ± 1.19), and demonstrate increased migratory capabilities (86.5 ± 0.50). Further investigations of human blood corroborate the evidence that these films are compatible with blood. Nanocomposite films have the potential to serve as wound healers following pre-clinical and clinical testing.

Pectin wrapped halloysite nanotube reinforced Polycaprolactone films for potential wound healing application.

The current research work focuses on preparing the polycaprolactone (PCL) based nanocomposite films embedded with surface modified Halloysite Nanotube (HNT). The avenue of the study is to unravel the applicability of polymer nanocomposites for wound healing. The flexible property of HNT was taken as the major force to accomplish the addition of biopolymer pectin onto its surface. Functionalization of HNT with pectin has certainly enhanced its binding nature with the polymer. The PCL nanocomposite films were characterized by several promising techniques such as FTIR, XRD, DSC-TGA, FESEM, TEM, AFM, and mechanical properties were too examined along. When compared to the plane PCL film, the nanocomposite films manifested favorable results in terms of mechanical and chemical properties. Additionally, biometric studies such as in-vitro swelling, enzymatic degradation, and hemolysis performed on the films gave extremely good results. The haemolytic percentage recorded for the films exhibited a steady decrease with increasing amount of nanofillers. The MTT assay showed cell proliferation and its increase as the embedded HNT is more in the matrix. Wound closure study performed on NIH3T3 cell line with 1, 3 and 5wt% of films has given a strong proof for the involvement of polymer and HNT in the healing procedure.

(Z)-N-[2-(N'-Hy-droxy-carbamimido-yl)phen-yl]acetamide.

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C9H11N3O2, contains two mol-ecules (A and B), which exist in Z conformations with respect to their C=N double bond. The dihedral angles between the benzene ring and the pendant hy-droxy-carbamimidoyl and acetamide groups are 28.58 (7) and 1.30 (5)°, respectively, in mol-ecule A and 25.04 (7) and 27.85 (9)°, respectively, in mol-ecule B. An intra-molecular N-H⋯N hydrogen bond generates an S(6) ring in both mol-ecules. Mol-ecule A also features an intra-molecular C-H⋯O inter-action, which closes an S(6) ring. In the crystal, the mol-ecules are linked by N-H⋯O, N-H⋯N, O-H⋯O, O-H⋯N, C-H⋯O and C-H⋯N hydrogen bonds and C-H⋯π inter-actions, generating a three-dimensional network.

4-(4,5-Diphenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-N,N-di-methyl-aniline.

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C23H21N3, consists of two symmetry-independent and conformationally different mol-ecules [the comparable dihedral angles between the imidazole ring and the three benzene rings being 38.5 (2)/61.5 (3)/3.37 (17) and 45.8 (2)/36.01 (19)/46.94 (17)°]. In the crystal, inter-molecular imidazole N-H⋯N hydrogen-bonding inter-actions give a one-dimensional chain extending along [101].

Incorporation of sodium alginate functionalized halloysite nanofillers into poly (vinyl alcohol) to study mechanical, cyto/heme compatibility and wound healing application.

In this study, the Halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) are surface-functionalized with sodium alginate (Sod.alg) and poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) were employed to generate nanocomposite films (Sod.alg-rHNT/PVA). These nanocomposite films were made via the solution casting technique. FE-SEM data verified sod.alg-rHNT dispersion into the PVA matrix. The modifications were confirmed from FTIR, TGA and PXRD techniques. In the mechanical studies of synthesized nanocomposite films, the films showed a considerable increase in the tensile strength and Young's modulus values. The nanocomposite film's ability to induce cell proliferation and migration was investigated using murine fibroblast (NIH3T3) cells. The films increased cellular proliferation (128 ± 1.07 %) compared to the neat PVA. Cell adhesion tests showed cytocompliant films. In the scratch assay, the 5 wt% film elicited wound closure at a faster rate (91.53 ± 1.04 %). Films were compatible with human blood cells. Therefore the prepared nanocomposite films can be used as promising wound healers after pre-clinical and clinical testing.

2-(4-Meth-oxy-phenyl)-2-oxoethan-aminium chloride.

In the cation of the title compound, C(9)H(12)NO(2) (+)·Cl(-), the dihedral angle between the 2-oxoethanaminium N-C-C(=O)- plane [maximum deviation = 0.0148 (12) Å] and the benzene ring is 7.98 (8)°. The meth-oxy group is approximately in-plane with the benzene ring, with a C-O-C-C torsion angle of -2.91 (18)°. In the crystal, the cations and chloride anions are connected by N-H⋯Cl and C-H⋯Cl hydrogen bonds, forming a layer parallel to the bc plane. A C-H⋯π inter-action further links the layers.

(2E)-1-[2,3-Dichloro-6-methyl-5-(trifluoro-meth-yl)phen-yl]-2-(1-phenyl-ethyl-idene)hydrazine.

The title compound, C(16)H(13)Cl(2)F(3)N(2), exists in an E conformation with respect to the C=N bond [1.2952 (11) Å] and the C-N-N=C torsion angle is 175.65 (8)°. The dihedral angle between the benzene rings is 42.09 (4)°. An intra-molecular C-H⋯F hydrogen bond generates an S(6) ring. In the crystal, the mol-ecules are linked into [101] chains by C-H⋯F hydrogen bonds.

AgVI and Ag/ZnOVI nanostructures from Vateria indica (L.) exert antioxidant, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic efficacy on triple negative breast cancer cells in vitro.

Human triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) being an aggressive cancer type accounts for about 15-20% of global breast cancer cases. In the present study, the cytotoxicity of pure silver (AgVI) and silver/zinc oxide (Ag/ZnOVI) nanostructures was evaluated against the TNBC cells. The nanostructures synthesized from a green route using Vateria indica (L.) fruit extract were characterized to scrutinize their formation, crystal phase, size, shape, and surface properties via FTIR, PXRD, FE-SEM coupled with EDS spectroscopy, and BET analysis. The results of the studies have unveiled the formation of 26.43 nm and 20.97 nm sized AgVI and Ag/ZnOVI nanostructures in their purest form. The in-vitro anticancer study performed on human TNBC cells [MDA-MB468] revealed the enhancement in the antiproliferative potentiality of bimetallic Ag/ZnOVI nanostructures from 66.99 ± 0.13 to 79.73 ± 0.23 in comparison to pure AgVI nanostructures. In addition to this, the greenish yellow-fluorescence observed in the TNBC nuclei during the AO-EB staining study manifested the early apoptosis. Furthermore, the anti-inflammatory and cytotoxicity study performed on the human RBC and normal NIH3T3 murine fibroblasts cells proved the biocompatibility and non-toxic nature of the synthesized nanostructures with membrane stabilization percentage up to 94.5 ± 0.001. Additionally, the antioxidant and antidiabetic studies carried out have corroborated the radical scavenging and α-amylase inhibition capability up to 85.87 ± 0.001 and 89.60 ± 0.002 % respectively. Thus the overall results of the study substantiate the superlative antioxidant, antidiabetic, and antiproliferative property of green synthesized AgVI and Ag/ZnOVI nanostructures with excellent biocompatibility.

2-Azido-1-(3,6-dichloro-9H-fluoren-1-yl)ethanone.

In the title compound, C(15)H(9)Cl(2)N(3)O, an intra-molecular C-H⋯O inter-action generates an S(7) ring motif. The cyclo-penta-1,3-diene ring forms dihedral angles of 1.93 (6) and 2.78 (6)° with its attached benzene rings. In the crystal, mol-ecules are linked by C-H⋯N and C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, thereby forming layers lying parallel to the ac plane. The crystal also features a π-π inter-action with a centroid-centroid distance of 3.5612 (6) Å.

1-Isobutyl-4-meth-oxy-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]quinoline.

In the title compound, C(15)H(17)N(3)O, the 1H-imidazo[4,5-c]quinoline ring system is approximately planar, with a maximum deviation of 0.036 (1) Å. The C-N-C-C torsion angles formed between this ring system and the isobutyl unit are -99.77 (16) and 79.71 (17)°. In the crystal, inter-molecular C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the mol-ecules into chains along the c axis.

Bis(4-fluoro-anilinium) sulfate.

In the crystal of the title molecular salt, 2C(6)H(7)FN(+)·SO(4) (2-), the cations and anions are linked by N-H⋯O and C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds into sheets parallel to the ab plane. The crystal studied was found to be a racemic twin with a 0.50 (10):0.50 (10) domain ratio.

3-[(1-Isobutyl-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]quinolin-4-yl)amino]-benzoic acid.

In the title compound, C(21)H(20)N(4)O(2), the statistically planar 1H-limidazole ring [maximum deviation = 0.003 (1) Å] makes dihedral angles of 1.33 (9) and 8.23 (7)°, respectively, with the essentially planar fused pyridine ring [maximum devation = 0.018 (1) Å] and the pendant benzene ring, which is attached to the pyridine ring by an -NH- group. An intra-molecular C-H⋯N inter-action, which generates an S(6) ring, helps to estalish the mol-ecular conformation. In the crystal, the mol-ecules are linked by N-H⋯O, C-H⋯O and O-H-N hydrogen bonds, which generate bifurcated R(1) (2)(6) and R(2) (2)(9) ring motifs, resulting in supra-molecular [001] chains. The crystal structure also features weak π-π stacking [centroid-centroid distance = 3.5943 (9) Å] and C-H⋯π inter-actions.

(E)-4-Phenyl-butan-2-one oxime.

In the title compound, C(10)H(13)NO, the C-C-C-C torsion angle formed between the benzene ring and the butan-2-one oxime unit is 73.7 (2)°, with the latter lying above the plane through the benzene ring. In the crystal, inter-molecular O-H⋯N hydrogen bonds link pairs of mol-ecules into dimers, forming R(2) (2)(6) ring motifs which are stacked along the a axis.

1-(tert-But-oxy-carbon-yl)piperidine-4-carb-oxy-lic acid.

In the title compound, C(11)H(19)NO(4), the piperidine ring adopts a chair conformation. In the crystal, mol-ecules are linked by inter-molecular O-H⋯O and C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming a layer parallel to the bc plane.

1-Isobutyl-N,N-dimethyl-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]quinolin-4-amine.

In the title compound, C(16)H(20)N(4), the 1H-imidazo[4,5-c]quinoline ring system is approximately planar, with a maximum deviation of 0.0719 (15) Å. An intra-molecular C-H⋯N hydrogen bond contributes to the stabilization of the mol-ecule, forming an S(6) ring motif. In the crystal, the mol-ecules are stacked along the b axis through weak aromatic π-π inter-actions between benzene and imidazole and benzene and pyridine rings [centroid-centroid distances = 3.6055 (10) and 3.5342 (10) Å, respectively].

4-Hydrazinyl-1-isobutyl-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]quinoline.

In the title compound, C(14)H(17)N(5), the 1H-imidazo[4,5-c]quinoline ring system is essentially planar, with a maximum deviation of 0.0325 (7) Å. In the crystal, a pair of inter-molecular N-H⋯N hydrogen bonds link neighbouring mol-ecules, forming an inversion dimer and generate an R(2) (2)(10) ring motif. These dimers are further connected into a chain along the b axis via inter-molecular C-H⋯N hydrogen bonds, resulting in an R(2) (2)(14) ring motif.

4-Chloro-benzaldehyde (1-isobutyl-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]quinolin-4-yl)hydrazone monohydrate.

In the title compound, C(21)H(20)ClN(5)·H(2)O, the 1H-imidazo[4,5-c]quinoline ring is approximately planar, with a maximum deviation of 0.0795 (7) Å, and it forms a dihedral angle of 7.65 (3)° with the chloro-phenyl ring. In the crystal, the components are linked into chains along the a axis via inter-molecular N-H⋯O, O-H⋯N and C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds. One of the H atoms of the water mol-ecule is disordered over two positions with a site-occupancy ratio of 0.80 (4):0.20 (4).

Benzyl N-{2-[5-(4-chloro-phen-yl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]propan-2-yl}carbamate.

In the title 1,2,4-oxadiazole derivative, C(19)H(18)ClN(3)O(3), the 1,2,4-oxadiazole ring makes dihedral angles of 12.83 (8) and 4.89 (8)°, respectively, with the benzyl and 4-chloro-phenyl rings, while the dihedral angle between the benzyl and 4-chloro-phenyl rings is 11.53 (7)°. In the crystal, mol-ecules are linked by N-H⋯N hydrogen bonds into helical chains along the b axis. A weak C-H⋯π inter-action is also present.

1-{4-Chloro-2-[2-(2-fluoro-phen-yl)-1,3-dithio-lan-2-yl]phen-yl}-2-methyl-1H-imidazole-5-carbaldehyde.

There are two mol-ecules in the asymmetric unit of the title imidazole derivative, C(20)H(16)ClFN(2)OS(2). In one mol-ecule, the dithiol-ane ring is disordered over two positions in a 0.849 (9):0.151 (10) ratio. The imidazole ring makes dihedral angles of 79.56 (9) and 18.45 (9)° with the 4-chloro-phenyl and 2-fluoro-phenyl rings, respectively, in one mol-ecule; in the other mol-ecule, the corresponding angles are 82.72 (9) and 17.39 (10)°. In the crystal, mol-ecules are linked by weak C-H⋯O inter-actions and these linked mol-ecules are stacked along the b axis by π-π inter-actions with a centroid-centroid distance of 3.4922 (11) Å. In addition, π-π inter-actions between the imidazole and 2-fluoro-phenyl rings are also observed, with centroid-centroid distances of 3.4867 (11) and 3.4326 (10) Å. The crystal is further consolidated by weak C-H⋯π inter-actions. Cl⋯S [3.5185 (8) Å], C⋯O [3.192 (3) Å] and C⋯C [3.326 (2)-3.393 (3) Å] short contacts are also observed.

2-[(E)-(2,4-Dimethyl-phen-yl)imino-meth-yl]phenol.

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C(15)H(15)NO, contains two independent mol-ecules, both of which exist in trans configurations with respect to the C=N bonds [1.278 (2) and 1.279 (2) Å]. In each mol-ecule, intra-molecular O-H⋯N hydrogen bonds generate S(6) ring motifs. In one mol-ecule, the benzene rings form a dihedral angle of 13.38 (9)°, while in the other mol-ecule the dihedral angle is 30.60 (10)°. In the crystal, the two independent mol-ecules are linked via weak inter-molecular C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds.