[Prevalence of physical inactivity and associated factors in adolescents]. / Prevalência de inatividade física e fatores associados em adolescentes.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of physical inactivity among adolescents (14-18 years) in the city of Maringá/PR and to explore its association with demographic, socioeconomic and behavioral, indicators of nutritional status variables. METHODS: Cross-sectional study with a representative sample of 991 adolescents (54.5% girls) from both public and private high schools selected through multi stage random sampling. The level of habitual physical activity was verified through the IPAQ modified for adolescents, using the last week as a reference period. Physical inactivity was defined as <300 min/wk of moderate and vigorous physical activity. The independent variables studied were: gender, age, type of high school, socioeconomic level, smoking, sedentary behavior (> 4 h/d), nutritional status and abdominal obesity. RESULTS: Prevalence of physical inactivity among adolescents was 56.9% (girls = 57.9%, boys = 55.7%, p =. 046). The risk factors associated with physical inactivity were belonging to the lower socioeconomic level, studying at public schools and being obese. CONCLUSION: We found a high prevalence of physical inactivity in the study. It is urgently necessary to develop strategies aimed at increasing physical activity, which can be achieved by development of an educational content that promotes healthy life styles.

Elevated blood pressure and obesity in childhood: a cross-sectional evaluation of 4,609 schoolchildren.

BACKGROUND: The incidence of obesity in children is increasing worldwide, primarily in urbanized, high-income countries, and hypertension development is a detrimental effect of this phenomenon. OBJECTIVE: In this cross-sectional study, we evaluated the prevalence of excess weight and its association with high blood pressure (BP) in schoolchildren. METHODS: Here 4,609 male and female children, aged 6 to 11 years, from 24 public and private schools in Maringa, Brazil, were evaluated. Nutritional status was assessed by body mass index (BMI) according to cutoff points adjusted for sex and age. Blood pressure (BP) levels above 90th percentile for gender, age and height percentile were considered elevated. RESULTS: The prevalence of excess weight among the schoolchildren was 24.5%; 16.9% were overweight, and 7.6% were obese. Sex and socioeconomic characteristics were not associated with elevated BP. In all age groups, systolic and diastolic BP correlated with BMI and waist and hip measurements, but not with waist-hip ratio. The prevalence of elevated BP was 11.2% in eutrophic children, 20.6% in overweight children [odds ratio (OR), 1.99; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.61-2.45], and 39.7% in obese children (OR, 5.4; 95% CI, 4.23-6.89). CONCLUSION: Obese and overweight children had a higher prevalence of elevated BP than normal-weight children. Our data confirm that the growing worldwide epidemic of excess weight and elevated BP in schoolchildren may also be ongoing in Brazil.

Anemia prevalence and its determinants in Brazilian institutionalized elderly.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of anemia and analyze the factors associated with anemia in elderly residents of long-term care institutions. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was performed in male and female elderly volunteers selected in a two-stage random sampling from long-term care institutions in the city of Maringá, Brazil (2008). A diagnosis of anemia was based on the plasma hemoglobin concentration. The independent variables analyzed were gender, age, time of residence at an institution, body mass index, and serum iron and albumin concentrations. The association between anemia and the variables was assessed using the Poisson regression with robust variance in unadjusted and adjusted analyses, considering a complex sample and a significance level of 5%. RESULTS: The sample included 124 adults older than 60 y residing in long-term care institutions (53.0% female). The prevalence of anemia was 29% and was not significantly associated with gender, serum iron concentration, time of residence at an institution, or body mass index. Conversely, hypoalbuminemia was considered a risk factor for anemia. CONCLUSION: There is a high prevalence of anemia in the institutionalized elderly and hypoalbuminemia is a factor associated with this outcome. Interventions are necessary to promote improvements in the health and welfare of this population.

Nutrition-related habits and associated factors of Brazilian adolescents.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the nutrition-related habits (NRH) of Brazilian adolescents and evaluate the associations with risk factors. METHODS: Cross-sectional school-based was carried out among high school adolescents aged 14-18 years (n = 1,759) from public and private schools from two cities. The NRH were investigated by the weekly consumption of vegetables, fruit, sweet food and fried food. Risk factors investigated were: city, sex, age, socioeconomic status and nutritional status. In statistics, Poisson regression was used with robust variance adjustment. RESULTS: Data indicated low consumption of fruits and vegetables, 70.0 and 71.0%, respectively, and high consumption of sweets and fried food, 66.7 and 63%, respectively. Boys showed risk of inadequate intake of vegetables [prevalence ratios (PR) 1.10, 95% CI 1.01-1.16] and fruit (PR 1.09, 95% CI 1.01-1.16). Furthermore, adolescents who live in Maringá had greater likelihood of consuming vegetables and fruit (20 and 25%, respectively). However, they presented risk of inadequate consumption of sweets (PR 1.19, 95% CI 1.11-1.28) for adolescents who live in Presidente Prudente. CONCLUSION: We concluded that inadequate NRH show high prevalence among adolescents and indicate the need to employ educational strategies that promote the adoption of more healthy habits and behaviors.

Elevated Blood Pressure and Obesity in Childhood: A Cross-Sectional Evaluation of 4,609 Schoolchildren / Aumento da Pressão Arterial e Obesidade na Infância: Uma Avaliação Transversal de 4.609 Escolares

Background: The incidence of obesity in children is increasing worldwide, primarily in urbanized, high-income countries, and hypertension development is a detrimental effect of this phenomenon. Objective: In this cross-sectional study, we evaluated the prevalence of excess weight and its association with high blood pressure (BP) in schoolchildren. Methods: Here 4,609 male and female children, aged 6 to 11 years, from 24 public and private schools in Maringa, Brazil, were evaluated. Nutritional status was assessed by body mass index (BMI) according to cutoff points adjusted for sex and age. Blood pressure (BP) levels above 90th percentile for gender, age and height percentile were considered elevated. Results: The prevalence of excess weight among the schoolchildren was 24.5%; 16.9% were overweight, and 7.6% were obese. Sex and socioeconomic characteristics were not associated with elevated BP. In all age groups, systolic and diastolic BP correlated with BMI and waist and hip measurements, but not with waist-hip ratio. The prevalence of elevated BP was 11.2% in eutrophic children, 20.6% in overweight children [odds ratio (OR), 1.99; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.61-2.45], and 39.7% in obese children (OR, 5.4; 95% CI, 4.23-6.89). Conclusion: Obese and overweight children had a higher prevalence of elevated BP than normal-weight children. Our data confirm that the growing worldwide epidemic of excess weight and elevated BP in schoolchildren may also be ongoing in Brazil. .

Introdução: A incidência de obesidade em crianças está aumentando em todo o mundo, principalmente em países industrializados de alta renda, e o desenvolvimento de hipertensão é um efeito negativo desse problema. Objetivo: O presente estudo transversal objetivou determinar a prevalência de obesidade e sua associação com o aumento da pressão arterial em escolares. Métodos: Neste estudo transversal foram avaliadas 4.609 crianças de ambos os sexos, com idade entre 6 e 11 anos, pertencentes a 24 escolas públicas e particulares de Maringá, Brasil. O estado nutricional foi avaliado pelo índice de massa corporal (IMC) de acordo com pontos de corte ajustados para sexo e idade. Valores de pressão arterial (PA) acima do 90º percentil para gênero, idade e percentil da altura foram considerados elevados. Resultados: A prevalência de excesso de peso entre os escolares foi de 24,5%, sendo que 16,9% apresentaram sobrepeso e 7,6% apresentaram obesidade. O gênero e as condições socioeconômicas não apresentaram correlação com o aumento da pressão arterial. Em todas as faixas etárias, a PA sistólica e diastólica tiveram correlação com o IMC, medida da cintura, medida do quadril, mas não com a relação cintura-quadril. A prevalência de PA elevada foi de 11,2% em crianças eutróficas, 20,6% nas com sobrepeso (OR = 1,99, IC 95% = 1,61-2,45) e 39,7% nas obesas (OR = 5,4, IC 95% = 4,23-6,89). Conclusão: As crianças obesas e com sobrepeso apresentaram maior prevalência de pressão arterial elevada. Nossos dados confirmam que a crescente prevalência de excesso de peso e pressão arterial elevada em escolares observado mundialmente também pode estar ocorrendo no Brasil. .

Prevalência de inatividade física e fatores associados em adolescentes / Prevalence of physical inactivity and associated factors in adolescents

OBJETIVO: Estimar a prevalência de inatividade física em adolescentes (14 a 18 anos) da cidade de Maringá/PR e explorar sua associação com variáveis demográficas, socioeconômicas, comportamental e indicadores de estado nutricional. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal com uma amostra representativa de escolares do ensino médio da cidade incluindo 991 (54,5 por cento moças) de 12 colégios públicos e privados selecionados por meio de amostragem em múltiplos estágios. O nível de atividade física habitual foi verificado por meio do IPAQ modificado para adolescentes, usando como referência a última semana. A inatividade física foi definida <300 min/semana de atividades físicas moderadas e vigorosas. As variáveis independentes estudadas foram: sexo, idade, tipo de escola, nível econômico, tabagismo, comportamento sedentário (>4 h/dia), estado nutricional e obesidade abdominal. RESULTADOS: A prevalência de inatividade física em adolescentes foi de 56,9 por cento (moças= 57,9 por cento, rapazes= 55,7 por cento, p=0,46). Os fatores de risco associados à inatividade física foram pertencer ao nível socioeconômico mais baixo, estudar em escolas públicas e ser obeso. CONCLUSÃO: Encontramos uma alta prevalência de inatividade física no estudo. Faz-se urgentemente necessário o desenvolvimento de estratégias, que visem o aumento da atividade física, o que pode ser obtido por meio de desenvolvimento de conteúdos escolares que promovam estilos de vida saudável.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of physical inactivity among adolescents (14-18 years) in the city of Maringá/PR and to explore its association with demographic, socioeconomic and behavioral, indicators of nutritional status variables. METHODS: Cross-sectional study with a representative sample of 991 adolescents (54.5 percent girls) from both public and private high schools selected through multi stage random sampling. The level of habitual physical activity was verified through the IPAQ modified for adolescents, using the last week as a reference period. Physical inactivity was defined as <300 min/wk of moderate and vigorous physical activity. The independent variables studied were: gender, age, type of high school, socioeconomic level, smoking, sedentary behavior (> 4 h/d), nutritional status and abdominal obesity. RESULTS: Prevalence of physical inactivity among adolescents was 56.9 percent (girls = 57.9 percent, boys = 55.7 percent, p =. 046). The risk factors associated with physical inactivity were belonging to the lower socioeconomic level, studying at public schools and being obese. CONCLUSION: We found a high prevalence of physical inactivity in the study. It is urgently necessary to develop strategies aimed at increasing physical activity, which can be achieved by development of an educational content that promotes healthy life styles.