Assessment of inbreeding coefficients and inbreeding depression on complex traits from genomic and pedigree data in Nelore cattle.

BACKGROUND: Nelore cattle play a key role in tropical production systems due to their resilience to harsh conditions, such as heat stress and seasonally poor nutrition. Monitoring their genetic diversity is essential to manage the negative impacts of inbreeding. Traditionally, inbreeding and inbreeding depression are assessed by pedigree-based coefficients (F), but recently, genetic markers have been preferred for their precision in capturing the inbreeding level and identifying animals at risk of reduced productive and reproductive performance. Hence, we compared the inbreeding and inbreeding depression for productive and reproductive performance traits in Nelore cattle using different inbreeding coefficient estimation methods from pedigree information (FPed), the genomic relationship matrix (FGRM), runs of homozygosity (FROH) of different lengths (> 1 Mb (genome), between 1 and 2 Mb - FROH 1-2; 2-4 Mb FROH 2-4 or > 8 Mb FROH >8) and excess homozygosity (FSNP). RESULTS: The correlation between FPed and FROH was lower when the latter was based on shorter segments (r = 0.15 with FROH 1-2, r = 0.20 with FROH 2-4 and r = 0.28 with FROH 4-8). Meanwhile, the FPed had a moderate correlation with FSNP (r = 0.47) and high correlation with FROH >8 (r = 0.58) and FROH-genome (r = 0.60). The FROH-genome was highly correlated with inbreeding based on FROH>8 (r = 0.93) and FSNP (r = 0.88). The FGRM exhibited a high correlation with FROH-genome (r = 0.55) and FROH >8 (r = 0.51) and a lower correlation with other inbreeding estimators varying from 0.30 for FROH 2-4 to 0.37 for FROH 1-2. Increased levels of inbreeding had a negative impact on the productive and reproductive performance of Nelore cattle. The unfavorable inbreeding effect on productive and reproductive traits ranged from 0.12 to 0.51 for FPed, 0.19-0.59 for FGRM, 0.21-0.58 for FROH-genome, and 0.19-0.54 for FSNP per 1% of inbreeding scaled on the percentage of the mean. When scaling the linear regression coefficients on the standard deviation, the unfavorable inbreeding effect varied from 0.43 to 1.56% for FPed, 0.49-1.97% for FGRM, 0.34-2.2% for FROH-genome, and 0.50-1.62% for FSNP per 1% of inbreeding. The impact of the homozygous segments on reproductive and performance traits varied based on the chromosomes. This shows that specific homozygous chromosome segments can be signs of positive selection due to their beneficial effects on the traits. CONCLUSIONS: The low correlation observed between FPed and genomic-based inbreeding estimates suggests that the presence of animals with one unknown parent (sire or dam) in the pedigree does not account for ancient inbreeding. The ROH hotspots surround genes related to reproduction, growth, meat quality, and adaptation to environmental stress. Inbreeding depression has adverse effects on productive and reproductive traits in Nelore cattle, particularly on age at puberty in young bulls and heifer calving at 30 months, as well as on scrotal circumference and body weight when scaled on the standard deviation of the trait.

Antineoplastic effects of pharmacological inhibitors of aurora kinases in CSF3RT618I-driven cells.

Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) are consolidated as a relevant group of diseases derived from the malfunction of the hematopoiesis process and have as a particular attribute the increased proliferation of myeloid lineage. Among these, chronic neutrophilic leukemia (CNL) is distinguished, caused by the T618I mutation of the CSF3R gene, a trait that generates ligand-independent receptor activation and downstream JAK2/STAT signaling. Previous studies reported that mutations in BCR::ABL1 and JAK2V617F increased the expression of the aurora kinase A (AURKA) and B (AURKB) in Ba/F3 cells and their pharmacological inhibition displays antineoplastic effects in human BCR::ABL1 and JAK2V617F positive cells. Delimiting the current scenario, aspects related to the AURKA and AURKB as a potential target in CSF3RT618I-driven models is little known. In the present study, the cellular and molecular effects of pharmacological inhibitors of aurora kinases, such as aurora A inhibitor I, AZD1152-HQPA, and reversine, were evaluated in Ba/F3 expressing the CSF3RT618I mutation. AZD1152-HQPA and reversine demonstrated antineoplastic potential, causing a decrease in cell viability, clonogenicity, and proliferative capacity. At molecular levels, all inhibitors reduced histone H3 phosphorylation, aurora A inhibitor I and reversine reduced STAT5 phosphorylation, and AZD1152-HQPA and reversine induced PARP1 cleavage and γH2AX expression. Reversine more efficiently modulated genes associated with cell cycle and apoptosis compared to other drugs. In summary, our findings shed new insights into the use of AURKB inhibitors in the context of CNL.

Maple syrup urine disease diagnosis in Brazilian patients by massive parallel sequencing.

Biallelic pathogenic variants cause maple syrup urine disease (MSUD) in one of the branched-chain α-keto acid dehydrogenase (BCKDH) complex genes (BCKDHA, BCKDHB, DBT, DLD, and PPM1K) leading to the accumulation of leucine, isoleucine, and valine. This study aimed to perform a molecular diagnosis of Brazilian patients with MSUD using gene panels and massive parallel sequencing. Eighteen Brazilian patients with a biochemical diagnosis of MSUD were analyzed by massive parallel sequencing in the Ion PGM Torrent Server using a gene panel with the BCKDHA, BCKDHB, and DBT genes. The American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics guidelines were used to determine variant pathogenicity. Thirteen patients had both variants found by massive parallel sequencing, whereas 3 patients had only one variant found. In 2 patients, the variants were not found by this analysis. These 5 patients required additional Sanger sequencing to confirm their genotype. Twenty-five pathogenic variants were identified in the 3 MSUD-related genes (BCKDHA, BCKDHB, and DBT). Most variants were present in the BCKDHB gene, and no common variants were found. Nine novel variants were observed: c.922 A > G, c.964C > A, and c.1237 T > C in the BCKDHA gene; and c.80_90dup, c.384delA, c.478 A > T, c.528C > G, c.977 T > C, and c.1039-2 A > G in the BCKDHB gene. All novel variants were classified as pathogenic. Molecular modeling of the novel variants indicated that the binding of monomers was affected in the BCKDH complex tetramer, which could lead to a change in the stability and activity of the enzyme. Massive parallel sequencing with targeted gene panels seems to be a cost-effective method that can provide a molecular diagnosis of MSUD.

Antibiofilm activity of promethazine against ESBL-producing strains of Escherichia coli in urinary catheters.

The bacterium Escherichia coli is one of the main causes of urinary tract infections. The formation of bacterial biofilms, especially associated with the use of urinary catheters, contributes to the establishment of recurrent infections and the development of resistance to treatment. Strains of E. coli that produce extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) have a greater ability to form biofilms. In addition, there is a lack of drugs available in the market with antibiofilm activity. Promethazine (PMZ) is an antihistamine known to have antimicrobial activity against different pathogens, including in the form of biofilms, but there are still few studies of its activity against ESBL E. coli biofilms. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of PMZ against ESBL E. coli biofilms, as well as to assess the application of this drug as a biofilm prevention agent in urinary catheters. To this end, the minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration of PMZ in ESBL E. coli strains were determined using the broth microdilution assay and tolerance level measurement. The activity of PMZ against the cell viability of the in vitro biofilm formation of ESBL E. coli was analyzed by the MTT colorimetric assay and its ability to prevent biofilm formation when impregnated in a urinary catheter was investigated by counting colony-forming units (CFU) and confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). PMZ showed bactericidal activity and significantly reduced (p < 0.05) the viability of the biofilm being formed by ESBL E. coli at concentrations of 256 and 512 µg/ml, as well as preventing the formation of biofilm on urinary catheters at concentrations starting at 512 µg/ml by reducing the number of CFUs, as also observed by SEM. Thus, PMZ is a promising candidate to prevent the formation of ESBL E. coli biofilms on abiotic surfaces.

Low-pass whole genome sequencing as a cost-effective alternative to chromosomal microarray analysis for low- and middle-income countries.

Low-pass whole genome sequencing (LP-WGS) has been applied as alternative method to detect copy number variants (CNVs) in the clinical setting. Compared with chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA), the sequencing-based approach provides a similar resolution of CNV detection at a lower cost. In this study, we assessed the efficiency and reliability of LP-WGS as a more affordable alternative to CMA. A total of 1363 patients with unexplained neurodevelopmental delay/intellectual disability, autism spectrum disorders, and/or multiple congenital anomalies were enrolled. Those patients were referred from 15 nonprofit organizations and university centers located in different states in Brazil. The analysis of LP-WGS at 1x coverage (>50kb) revealed a positive testing result in 22% of the cases (304/1363), in which 219 and 85 correspond to pathogenic/likely pathogenic (P/LP) CNVs and variants of uncertain significance (VUS), respectively. The 16% (219/1363) diagnostic yield observed in our cohort is comparable to the 15%-20% reported for CMA in the literature. The use of commercial software, as demonstrated in this study, simplifies the implementation of the test in clinical settings. Particularly for countries like Brazil, where the cost of CMA presents a substantial barrier to most of the population, LP-WGS emerges as a cost-effective alternative for investigating copy number changes in cytogenetics.

Clinical and Nutritional Aspects and Outcomes of Covid-19 in Cancer and Non-Cancer Pediatric Patients.

The SARS-CoV-2 virus has been the subject of study by several researchers worldwide since 2020; however, there are points to be clarified. This study aimed to analyze the clinical and nutritional aspects of hospitalized cancer and non-cancer pediatric patients and the association with COVID-19 outcomes. This is a cohort study of hospitalized children and adolescents with a laboratory diagnosis of COVID-19. Patients were assessed according to the presence or absence of previous oncological diseases. Sociodemographic, clinical and nutritional data were investigated during the course of the infection. Outcomes included Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admission, longer length of stay (14 days), criticality, and death. Oncological disease was found in 16 (19.3%) patients, most of whom had B-type acute lymphoid leukemia. In Poisson regression, adjusted for age and comorbidity, an association was found between oncological disease and length of stay ≥14 days (RR 4.30; 95% CI 1.46 - 15.6; p = 0.013), COVID-19 criticality (RR 3.82; 95% CI 1.66 - 30.9; p = 0.010) and death (RR 3.42; 95% CI 0.94 - 9.96; p = 0.035). The research revealed that cancer patients had longer hospital stays, were more likely to have the severe form of COVID-19, and had a 3.42 times greater risk of dying.

Analysis of the expression of cytokines and chemokines, platelet-leukocyte aggregates, sCD40L and sCD62P in cutaneous melanoma.

BACKGROUND: Cutaneous melanoma (CM) is a malignancy with a variable incidence worldwide and a poor advanced-stage prognosis. Melanoma growth is closely associated with the immune system. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was performed on CM patients admitted at the Hospital de Cancer de Pernambuco (HCP) between 2015 and 2018. Fifty-one CM patients were included, and 30 healthy individuals. The study aimed to evaluate the association of platelet activation mechanisms and inflammatory response in patients with cutaneous melanoma. RESULTS: Elevated serum IL10 and low serum TNF levels in CM patients compared to controls (p < 0.05). High IL6 levels in patients with negative lymph nodes LN (-) compared to positive lymph nodes group (LN +, p = 0.0005). Low RANTES levels in patients compared to controls (p < 0.05). Elevated levels of platelet-lymphocyte (PLA), platelet-monocytes (PMA), and platelet-neutrophils (PNA) aggregates were observed in patients compared to controls (p < 0.05). CM patients with stage II had lower PMA levels than stages I and III (p < 0.05). High PMA levels were observed in patients with LN (+) compared to the LN (-) group (p < 0.0001). Patients with SSM had high levels of sCD40L and sCD62P compared to controls (p < 0.05)). High sCD40L levels in stage II compared to the stage III group, and sCD62P in stages I and II compared to the stage III group (p < 0.05). High sCD62P levels in patients with LN (-) compared to the group LN (+) (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: It was observed the immunosuppressive profile in CM may favor tumor progression. High levels of platelet-leukocyte aggregates, sCD40L, and sCD62P may be associated with the worst prognosis.

Role of magnetic resonance imaging in the prediction of histological grade in soft tissue sarcomas.

BACKGROUND: Soft tissue sarcomas are rare malignant tumors with significant heterogeneity. The importance of classifying histological grades is fundamental to defining the treatment approach. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in predicting the histological grade of soft tissue sarcomas. METHODS: A retrospective observational study included patients over 18 years undergoing MRI and primary tumor surgery at AC Camargo Cancer Center from January 2015 to June 2022. Two radiologists evaluated MRI criteria (size, margin definition, heterogeneity of the T2 signal, high-intensity peritumoral signal on T2, and postperitumoral contrast), and a grading prediction score was calculated. χ2 and logistic regression analyses were conducted. RESULTS: Sixty-eight patients were included (38 men; median: 48 years). Moreover, 52 high-grade and 16 low-grade tumors were observed. The MRI criteria associated with histological grade were peritumoral high-intensity T2-weighted signals (p < 0.001) and peritumoral postcontrast enhancement (p = 0.006). Logistic regression confirmed their significance (odds ratio [OR]: 11.8 and 8.8, respectively). Each score point increment doubled the chance of high-grade tumors (OR: 2.0; p = 0.014). CONCLUSION: MRI effectively predicts histological grades of soft tissue sarcomas. Peritumoral high-intensity T2-weighted signals and peritumoral postcontrast enhancement are valuable indicators of high-grade tumors. This highlights MRI's importance in treatment decision-making for sarcoma patients.

Brazilian Society of Surgical Oncology recommendations on Merkel cell carcinoma surgical treatment.

BACKGROUND: Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare neuroendocrine skin cancer with poor 5-year survival rates. Surgery and radiation are the current first-line treatments for local and nodal disease. OBJECTIVES: The Brazilian Society of Surgical Oncology developed this document aiming to guide the surgical oncology role in multimodal MCC management. METHODS: The consensus was established in three rounds of online discussion, achieving consensus on specific topics including diagnosis, staging, treatment, and follow-up. RESULTS: Patients suspected of having MCC should undergo immunohistochemical examination and preferably undergo pathology review by a dermatopathologist. Initial staging should be performed with dermatologic and nodal physical examination, combined with complementary imaging. Whole-body imaging, preferably with positron emission tomography (PET) or computed tomography (CT) scans, are recommended. Due to the need for multidisciplinary approaches, we recommend that all cases should be discussed in tumor boards and referred to other specialties as soon as possible, reducing potential treatment delays. We recommend that all patients with clinical stage I or II may undergo local excision associated with sentinel lymph node biopsy. The decision on margin size should consider time to recovery, patient's comorbidities, and risk factors. Patients with positive sentinel lymph nodes or the presence of risk factors should undergo postoperative radiation therapy at the primary site. Exclusive radiation is a viable option for patients with low performance. Patients with positive sentinel lymph node biopsy should undergo nodal radiation therapy or lymphadenectomy. In patients with nodal clinical disease, in addition to primary tumor treatment, nodal radiation therapy and/or lymphadenectomy are recommended. Patients with advanced disease should preferably be enrolled in clinical trials and discussed in multidisciplinary meetings. The role of surgery and radiation therapy in the metastatic/advanced setting should be discussed individually and always in tumor boards. CONCLUSION: This document aims to standardize a protocol for initial assessment and treatment for Merkel cell carcinoma, optimizing oncologic outcomes in middle-income countries such as Brazil.

Influences of sociality and maternal size on reproductive strategies: trade-offs between offspring size and quantity in five Anelosimus species (Araneae, Theridiidae).

Individuals can experience accentuated disputes for resources when living with many conspecifics, even in situations in which cooperative behaviors assure benefits associated with an increase in the frequency of food acquisition and in diet breadth. Thus, intraspecific competition may exert a significant selective pressure on social animals. Theoretical models suggest that females of social species could improve their fitness by producing relatively large offspring, since body size can provide competitive advantages during foraging activities. As female reserves are limited, the production of large offspring would occur at the expense of their number. Using five Anelosimus (Araneae, Theridiidae) species, we assessed whether the social ones produce fewer and larger eggs than the subsocials. In addition, we tested the effect of female size on the adoption of each particular reproductive strategy. Small females could hypothetically invest in producing large offspring since they cannot produce as many offspring as large females. Our results suggested that, indeed, sociality influences reproductive strategies. Females of social species produced fewer and larger offspring than females of subsocial species. Subsociality, in turn, would benefit the production of many small spiderlings, possibly because a large number of siblings is important to maintain and expand new webs and to subdue prey during their initial instars. Our results also indicated that large females produce more eggs without necessarily reduce their sizes. We discussed how the costs and benefits of group living may influence reproductive strategies.

Association between vitamin A supplementation and stunting and anemia in socially vulnerable Brazilian children.

PURPOSE: Vitamin A is related to concentrations of insulin-like growth factor type 1, a protein produced in response to growth hormone, and to increased mobilization of body iron stores. Thus, vitamin A aids in increased hematopoiesis and may be useful in preventing stunting and anemia. This study aimed to identify the association between vitamin A supplementation from the National Vitamin A Supplementation Program instituted in Brazil and stunting and anemia in socially vulnerable Brazilian children. METHODS: This is a Cross-sectional population-based study. Children aged 6-59 months old, living in favelas of a capital city in the Northeast of Brazil, were included. Sociodemographic variables were collected. Vitamin A supplementation was also evaluated using the child's vaccination card information. Anthropometric and capillary hemoglobin evaluations were performed to identify the presence of stunting and anemia, respectively. The association analysis was performed using Poisson regression with robust variance estimation. RESULTS: 598 children participated in this study; 11.3% and 55.6% had stunting and anemia, respectively. As for vitamin A supplementation, 59.5% had taken at least one dose of the supplement,and 3.5% were on the complete supplementation scheme. In the adjusted association analysis, vitamin A supplementation decreased the likelihood of children having stunting and anemia by 8% (RP:0.86; 95% IC 0.86-0.98; p = 0.014) and 31% (RP:0.69; 95% IC 0.53-0.89; p = 0.004), respectively. Children who were fully supplemented were 58% (RP:0.42; 95% IC 0.24-0.77; p = 0.008) less likely to have anemia. CONCLUSION: Thus, vitamin A supplementation is a protective tool against stunting and anemia in children living in a situation of social vulnerability.

Treatment Strategies for Bile Leak Following Pediatric Liver Transplantation.

There are no standard management protocols for the treatment of bile leak (BL) after liver transplantation. The objective of this study is to describe treatment options for BL after pediatric LT. METHODS: Retrospective analysis (January 2010-March 2023). VARIABLES STUDIED: preoperative data, status at diagnosis, and postoperative outcome. Four groups: observation (n = 9), percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC, n = 38), ERCP (2), and surgery (n = 27). RESULTS: Nine hundred and thirty-one pediatric liver transplantation (859 LDLT and 72 DDT); 78 (8.3%) patients had BL, all in LDLT. The median (IQR) peritoneal bilirubin (PB) level and fluid-to-serum bilirubin ratio (FSBR) at diagnosis was 14.40 mg/dL (8.5-29), and 10.7 (4.1-23.7). Patients who required surgery for treatment underwent the procedure earlier, at a median of 14 days (IQR: 7-19) versus 22 days for PTC (IQR: 15-27, p = 0.002). PB and FSBR were significantly lower in the observation group. In 11 cases, conservative management had resolution of the BL in an average time of 35 days, and 38 patients underwent PTC in a median time of 22 days (15-27). Twenty-seven (34.6%) patients were reoperated as initial treatment for BL in a median time of 17 days (1-108 days); 25 (33%) patients evolved with biliary stricture, 5 (18.5%) after surgery, and 20 (52.6%) after PTC (p = 0.01). CONCLUSION: Patients with BL who were observed presented significantly lower levels of PB and FSBR versus those who underwent PTC or surgery. Patients treated with PTC presented higher rates of biliary stricture during the follow-up.

Recanalization of portal vein thrombosis after pediatric liver transplantation: Efficacy and safety of the transsplenic access.

BACKGROUND: Endovascular management of portal vein thrombosis (PVT) is challenging. Transsplenic access (TSA) is growing as an access option to the portal system but with higher rates of bleeding complications. The aim of this article is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of transsplenic portal vein recanalization (PVR) using a metallic stent after pediatric liver transplantation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a retrospective review of 15 patients with chronic PVT who underwent PVR via TSA between February 2016 and December 2020. Two children who had undergone catheterization of a mesenteric vein tributary by minilaparotomy were excluded from the patency analysis but included in the splenic access analysis. The technical and clinical success of PVR and complications related to the procedure via TSA were evaluated. RESULTS: Thirteen children with PVT were treated primarily using the TSA. The mean age was 4.1 years (range, 1.5-13.7 years), and the most common clinical presentation was hypersplenism (60%). Technically successful PVR was performed in 11/13 (84.6%) children, and clinical success was achieved in 9/11 (81.8%) children. No major complications were observed, and one child presented moderate pain in the TSA (from a total of 17 TSA). The median follow-up was 48.2 months. The median primary patency was 9.9 months. Primary patency in the first 4 years was 75%, and primary assisted patency was 100% in the follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS: Transsplenic PVR is a safe and effective method for the treatment of PVT after pediatric liver transplantation.

Effects of omega-3 supplementation on anxiety-like behaviors and neuroinflammation in Wistar rats following cafeteria diet-induced obesity.

ABSTRACTObjetives: Omega-3 (n3) fatty acids have been studied as an option to alleviate the harmful effects of obesity. However, its role in obesity-related behavioral changes is still controversial. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of n3 on behavior and neuroinflammation in obese animals. Methods: Male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: control diet (CT), CT+n3, cafeteria diet (CAF), and CAF+n3. Diet was administered for 13 weeks, and n3 was supplemented during the last 5 weeks. Metabolic and biochemical parameters were evaluated, as well as anxiety-like behaviors. Immunoblots were conducted in the animals' cerebral cortex and hippocampus to assess changes in neuroinflammatory markers.Results: CAF-fed animals showed higher weight gain, visceral adiposity, fasting glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and insulin levels, and n3 improved the lipid profile and restored insulin sensitivity. CAF-fed rats showed anxiety-like behaviors in the open field and light-dark box tasks but not in the contextual aversive conditioning. Omega-3 did not exert any effect on these behaviors. Regarding neuroinflammation, diet and supplementation acted in a region-specific manner. In the hippocampus, CAF reduced claudin-5 expression with no effect of n3, indicating a brain-blood barrier disruption following CAF. Furthermore, in the hippocampus, the glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) were reduced in treated obese animals. However, n3 could not reverse the TLR-4 expression increase in the cerebral cortex.Discussion: Although n3 may protect against some neuroinflammatory manifestations in the hippocampus, it does not seem sufficient to reverse the increase in anxiolytic manifestations caused by CAF.

From HIV to Mpox: Socio-discursive Analysis of Communicable Diseases, Stigma, and Pathologization in Sexual Minorities in Brazil.

Discrimination and stigma are significant barriers to healthcare for the LGBTQIAPN+ community, necessitating a deeper analysis of their sociocultural causes. There is a notable gap in the literature regarding the understanding of socio-discursive representations and their impact on the stigmatization and pathologization of sexual minorities in the context of communicable diseases. This study aims to discuss the understanding of the sociodiscursive aspects of the health-disease process, particularly in stigmatized infectious diseases affecting the LGBTQIAPN+ community. The focus is on examining how news articles, or the set of analyzed texts (corpus), shape these perceptions. We conducted documentary research with a qualitative and discursive approach using news articles retrieved from Google NewsⓇ about diseases affecting the LGBTQIAPN+ population from 2011 to 2022. The analysis was based on critical discourse analysis, processed using MAXQDA and IRAMUTEQ software. The identified representations predominantly align with biomedical ideology, manifesting in a discourse that normalizes and medicalizes (normative-curative discourse), and notable for its pathologizing and stigmatizing nature. Six classes were found: Ethical professional dilemmas facing stigma, infection and contamination of the LGBT+ population, prejudice and discrimination in the form of information, stigma related to sexual behavior/orientation, Vulnerability and stigma related to infectious diseases, and strategies for minimizing health risk/stigma for the LGBT+ public. The most relevant analytical categories were related to infectious diseases and sexual identity. These themes were identified, indicating that media representations reinforce stigma and maintain unequal health practices (verticalization) for the LGBT+ community. Understanding these patterns within a broader historical context is crucial for promoting health education and strategies that challenge internalized prejudice. The need to reformulate cultural norms and develop health information and education policies is urgent. These policies should be led by professionals with a comprehensive and humanized vision, addressing the diverse needs of the LGBT+ population.

Influence of sociodemographic and obstetric factors on maternal mortality in Brazil from 2011 to 2021.

BACKGROUND: Obstetric causes are classified as direct (complications of pregnancy, childbirth or the puerperium) or indirect (caused by pregnancy but not directly caused by it). This study aimed to analyze maternal mortality from obstetric causes in Brazil from 2011 to 2021. METHODS: This was an ecological study on mortality and live births. The outcomes were the specific risk of mortality from direct and indirect cause adjustment and death during pregnancy and the puerperium. Binary and multiple linear logistic regressions were used to assess the influence of sociodemographic factors and maternal and child health indicators on maternal mortality and time of death (pregnancy and puerperium). RESULTS: Regarding mortality during pregnancy and during the puerperium, increased (p = 0.003) and decreased (p = 0.004) mortality over the years, respectively; residing in the northern region was associated with lower (p < 0.05) and greater (p = 0.035) odds; and the Maternal Mortality Committee was the primary and least active source of investigation, respectively (p < 0.0001). The number of deaths from indirect causes increased with age (p < 0.001) and in the northern region (p = 0.011) and decreased in the white (< 0.05) and stable union (0.002) regions. Specifically, for mortality risk, the age group [women aged 15-19 years presented an increase in cesarean section (p < 0.001) was greater than that of women who had < 4 antenatal visits (p < 0.001)], education [women who completed high school (8 to 11 years) was greater when they had < 4 prenatal visits (p = 0.018)], and marital status [unmarried women had more than 4 antenatal visits (p < 0.001); cesarean birth (p = 0.010) and < 4 antenatal visits (p = 0.009) were predictors of marriage; and women in a stable union who had < 4 prenatal visits and live births to teenage mothers (p < 0.001) were predictors]. Women who had no education (p = 0.003), were divorced (p = 0.036), had cesarean deliveries (p < 0.012), or lived in the north or northeast (p < 0.008) had higher indirect specific mortality risk. CONCLUSIONS: Sociodemographic factors and maternal and child health indicators were related to different patterns of obstetric mortality. Obstetric mortality varied by region, marital status, race, delivery, prenatal care, and cause of death.

In vitro evaluation of cytotoxic potential of essential oil extracted from leaves of Croton heliotropiifolius Kunth in human tumor cells.

Croton heliotropiifolius Kunth, popularly known as "velame," is a shrub that resides in northeastern Brazil. The essential oil of C. heliotropiifolius contains high concentrations of volatile compounds in the leaves and is widely used in folk medicine for many purposes as an antiseptic, analgesic, sedative, and anti-inflammatory agent. Due to the apparent limited amount of information, the aim of this study was to determine the cytotoxic potential of essential oil extracted from leaves of C. heliotropiifolius, utilizing different human cancer cell lines (HL-60, leukemia; HCT-116, colon; MDA-MB435, melanoma; SF295, glioblastoma) and comparison to murine fibroblast L929 cell line. The chemical characterization of the essential oil revealed the presence of large amounts of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes, the majority of which were aristolene (22.43%), germacrene D (11.38%), ɣ-terpinene (10.85%), and limonene (10.21%). The essential oil exerted significant cytotoxicity on all cancer cells, with low activity on murine L929 fibroblasts, independent of disruption of cell membranes evidenced by absence of hemolytic activity. The cytotoxicity identified was associated with oxidative stress, which culminated in mitochondrial respiration dysfunction and direct or indirect DNA damage (strand breaks and oxidative damage), triggering cell death via apoptosis. Our findings suggest that extracts of essential oil of C. Heliotropiifolius may be considered as agents to be used therapeutically in treatment of certain cancers.

Antimicrobial potential of a biosurfactant gel for the prevention of mixed biofilms formed by fluconazole-resistant C. albicans and methicillin-resistant S. aureus in catheters.

Dual-species biofilms formed by Candida albicans and Staphylococcus aureus have high virulence and drug resistance. In this context, biosurfactants produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa have been widely studied, of which a new derivative (RLmix_Arg) stands out for possible application in formulations. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antibiofilm activity of RLmix_Arg, both alone and incorporated in a gel prepared with Pluronic F-127, against dual-species biofilms of fluconazole-resistant C. albicans (FRCA) and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) in impregnated catheters. Broth microdilution tests, MTT reduction assays of mature biofilms, impregnation of RLmix_Arg and its gel in peripheral venous catheters, durability tests and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were performed. RLmix_Arg showed antimicrobial activity against Candida spp. and S. aureus, by reducing the cell viability of mixed biofilms of FRCA and MRSA, and preventing their formation in a peripheral venous catheter. The incorporation of this biosurfactant in the Pluronic F-127 gel considerably enhanced its antibiofilm activity. Thus, RLmix_Arg has potential application in gels for impregnation in peripheral venous catheters, helping to prevent development of dual-species biofilms of FRCA and MRSA.

Genotype-by-environment interactions in beef and dairy cattle populations: A review of methodologies and perspectives on research and applications.

Modern livestock production systems are characterized by a greater focus on intensification, involving managing larger numbers of animals to achieve higher productive efficiency and animal health and welfare within herds. Therefore, animal breeding programs need to be strategically designed to select animals that can effectively enhance production performance and animal welfare across a range of environmental conditions. Thus, this review summarizes the main methodologies used for assessing the levels of genotype-by-environment interaction (G × E) in cattle populations. In addition, we explored the importance of integrating genomic and phenotypic information to quantify and account for G × E in breeding programs. An overview of the structure of cattle breeding programs is provided to give insights into the potential outcomes and challenges faced when considering G × E to optimize genetic gains in breeding programs. The role of nutrigenomics and its impact on gene expression related to metabolism in cattle are also discussed, along with an examination of current research findings and their potential implications for future research and practical applications. Out of the 116 studies examined, 60 and 56 focused on beef and dairy cattle, respectively. A total of 83.62% of these studies reported genetic correlations across environmental gradients below 0.80, indicating the presence of G × E. For beef cattle, 69.33%, 24%, 2.67%, 2.67%, and 1.33% of the studies evaluated growth, reproduction, carcass and meat quality, survival, and feed efficiency traits, respectively. By contrast, G × E research in dairy cattle populations predominantly focused on milk yield and milk composition (79.36% of the studies), followed by reproduction and fertility (19.05%), and survival (1.59%) traits. The importance of G × E becomes particularly evident when considering complex traits such as heat tolerance, disease resistance, reproductive performance, and feed efficiency, as highlighted in this review. Genomic models provide a valuable avenue for studying these traits in greater depth, allowing for the identification of candidate genes and metabolic pathways associated with animal fitness, adaptation, and environmental efficiency. Nutrigenetics and nutrigenomics are emerging fields that require extensive investigation to maximize our understanding of gene-nutrient interactions. By studying various transcription factors, we can potentially improve animal metabolism, improving performance, health, and quality of products such as meat and milk.

Smartphone-based inertial measurements during Chester step test as a predictor of length of hospital stay in abdominopelvic cancer postoperative period: a prospective cohort study.

BACKGROUND: Objective assessment of pre-operative functional capacity in cancer patients using the smartphone gyroscope during the Chester step (CST) test may allow greater sensitivity of test results. This study has investigated whether the CST is a postoperative hospital permanence predictor in cancer patients undergoing abdominopelvic surgery through work, VO2MAX and gyroscopic movement analysis. METHODS: Prospective, quantitative, descriptive and inferential observational cohort study. Fifty-one patients were evaluated using CST in conjunction with a smartphone gyroscope. Multivariate linear regression analysis was used to examine the predictive value of the CST. RESULTS: The duration of hospital permanence 30 days after surgery was longer when patients who performed stage 1 showed lower RMS amplitude and higher peak power. The work increased as the test progressed in stage 3. High VO2MAX seemed to be a predictor of hospital permanence in those who completed levels 3 and 4 of the test. CONCLUSION: The use of the gyroscope was more accurate in detecting mobility changes, which predicted a less favorable result for those who met at level 1 of the CST. VO2MAX was a predictor of prolonged hospitalization from level 3 of the test. The work was less accurate to determine the patient's true functional capacity.